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39 questions
What are 4 key components of fascist ideology?
Loyalty, obedience, & service to the state/leader, and extreme national pride
Government ownership of all property and abolition of socioeconomic classes
Free and open elections, active participation of the people, citizens participating in civic life, protection of human rights
Government control of supply and demand, small class of ruling citizens, little room for corruption, and full voter participation
Why is communism a good idea in theory, but a bad idea in practice?
Communism offers the citizenry a great amount of wealth, but the citizens tend to become irresponsible with their money.
Everyone is equal (no social classes) and money is not an issue, but the government becomes way too powerful through complete ownership of property.
The government offers massive amounts of freedom to the people, but typically the population cannot handle it.
Citizens' rights are all protected by a strong government, but the citizens are required to participate in all elections.
Explain how a totalitarian government operates, and name 3-4 examples of totalitarian governments in history.
A totalitarian government offers its citizens total freedom in society. Examples are Canada, USA, Mexico, and Brazil.
A totalitarian government offers its citizens the right to choose elected officials and participate in the legislative process. Examples are Great Britain, Switzerland, France, and Sweden.
A totalitarian government exercises complete control over its citizens (speech, media, religion, economy, education, etc.). Four examples are Mussolini's Italy, Hitler's Germany, Stalin's USSR, and modern-day North Korea.
A totalitarian government gives its citizens equal economic opportunity and encourages financial competition. Examples include China, Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
What did FDR suggest as the best action to take against aggressive nations (Germany, Italy, Japan) in his Quarantine Speech?
FDR suggested dropping the atomic bomb on all three countries.
FDR suggested trading food, oil, and weapons with the Axis countries.
FDR suggested offering these countries the freedom of speech and religion and freedom from want and fear.
FDR suggested stopping trade with the Axis countries in order to isolate them from the global economy.
What four freedoms did FDR view as essential for “everyone in the world” in his Four Freedoms speech?
Freedom of speech and religion, freedom from want and fear
Freedom of economics and trade, freedom from tyranny and totalitarianism
Freedom of Japanese Americans and Jews, freedom from the 5th and 14th Amendments
Freedom of travel and open navigation of the seas, freedom from submarine and air attacks
What did the Lend Lease Act do, and what did it signify for the American attitude/involvement towards the war?
The Lend Lease Act cut off Germany, Japan, and Italy from global trade and showed America sympathized with the Axis powers.
The Lend Lease Act sent food, oil, and weapons to the Allied countries, which showed America supported the Allies during the War.
The Lend Lease Act offered the Four Freedoms to all citizens of the world, which showed US domination during the War.
The Lend Lease Act established a permanent alliance with the USSR, who is our longest-standing ally and closest military partner.
What was the overall purpose/content of the Atlantic Charter?
The Atlantic Charter cut the Axis powers off from global trade.
The Atlantic Charter sent food, oil, and weapons to the Allied countries.
The Atlantic Charter established an alliance between the US and Great Britain, and allowed them to plan/make negotiations for dealing with the War and its outcomes.
The Atlantic Charter guaranteed the freedom of speech, religion, and freedom from want and fear to all world citizens.
Describe America’s response to the Holocaust prior to 1945.
America bombed Nazi concentration camps.
America air-dropped large amounts of food, clothing, and other supplies to Europe's Jews.
America sent troops behind enemy lines to liberate the concentration camps.
America largely ignored the Holocaust and chose not to allow European Jews to enter America as refugees.
What impact did the liberation of concentration camps have on the world?
The footage and photos of the concentration camps shocked the world and showed the true horror of the Holocaust.
The liberation of concentration camps had little effect on the rest of the world.
The liberation of concentration camps caused a public outcry for the US to use the atomic bomb on Nazi Germany.
The footage and photos of concentration camps had little impact on the public, as they had become de-sensitized to the horrors of war.
What conditions did Jews face after the War? When they were finally allowed entry, how many Jews immigrated to the US?
After the War, Jews were paid large amounts in reparations and lived comfortably in Europe; therefore, very few emigrated to the US.
After the War, many Jews chose to join the Allied forces and continue the fight into Japan, and over a million were accepted into the US as immigrants.
After the War, many Jews lived in refugee camps, in similar conditions they had faced during the Holocaust. When they were allowed entry to the US, around 415,000 Jews immigrated.
European governments worked quickly to rebuild Jewish neighborhoods after the War, so Jews returned to their normal lives with relative ease. Around 100,000 moved to the US.
What are four reasons why the US entered WWII?
The US wanted to test the atomic bomb on Germany, Japan attacked China (our number one ally), the USSR was expanding, and Korea was having a civil war.
Great Britain attacked France (our ally), Germany needed assistance fighting Italy, China expanded into Japan, and the Russians attacked the US fleet at Pearl Harbor.
Italy expanded into North Africa, the USSR annexed China and established a capitol city at Yalta, Churchill was assassinated, and Truman wanted to use the atomic bomb.
The US was already supporting the Allies (Lend-Lease Act), Germany was attacking US ships with submarines, Japan was expanding aggressively in Asia, and Japan attacked the US fleet at Pearl Harbor.
Why did Japan attack the US fleet at Pearl Harbor?
The US had sunk many Japanese ships who were supplying the Axis powers with weapons.
The US had cut off Japan's oil supply because of Japan's aggressive expansionism in Asia.
The US and China were planning to attack Japan, and Japan found out about it and struck first.
Japan was unhappy with the US supplying Great Britain with weapons, food, and oil.
What were three effects of the attack on Pearl Harbor?
US declared war on Japan, Germany declared war on US, US declared war on Germany.
US declared war on Japan, USSR declared war on China, Germany surrendered to France.
US declared war on Italy, Italy declared war on Germany, Japan surrendered to the Allies.
The US was cut off from global trade, the four freedoms were taken from all citizens, and totalitarian control was exerted on the world by Stalin.
What were the roles of Winston Churchill, FDR, and Harry S. Truman during the War?
Churchill was British military leader, FDR was commander of Allied forces in Europe, and Truman was commander of Allied forces in the Pacific.
Churchill was the British Prime Minister, FDR was American President, and Truman was first Vice President but became President after FDR died.
Churchill was American President, FDR was British Prime Minister, and Truman was fascist dictator of Italy.
Churchill was Allied ambassador to Japan, FDR was leader of military forces in the Pacific, and Truman was commander of Axis forces in North Africa.
What were the roles of Dwight D. Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, and George Marshall during the War?
Eisenhower was American President, MacArthur was British Prime Minister, and Marshall was leader of American forces in the Pacific.
Eisenhower was commander of Allied forces in the Pacific, MacArthur was commander of Allied forces in Europe, and Marshall was British Prime Minister.
Eisenhower was military commander of Japan, MacArthur was supreme commander of the Allied forces, and Marshall was leader of Axis powers.
All three were American military leaders who commanded operations in the European theater, the Pacific theater, expanded the size of the military (respectively).
What were the roles of Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin and Hideki Tojo during the War?
Mussolini and Hitler were supreme Allied commanders, Stalin and Tojo were their enemies (Axis commanders).
Mussolini and Hitler were American President and VP (respectively), Stalin was British Prime Minister, and Tojo was dictator of Italy.
Mussolini and Hitler were leaders of England and France, while Stalin and Tojo were leaders of China and Japan.
Mussolini was dictator of Italy, Hitler was Fuhrer of Germany, Stalin was dictator of Soviet Union, and Tojo was military leader of Japan. All of these leaders were fascists.
Describe WW2 in the Pacific theater, and name 3 specific battles.
The battles in the Pacific were easy victories for the Allies; three battles were Stalingrad, Battle of the Bulge, and Battle of Britain.
The battles in the Pacific often resulted in stalemate; three battles were Okinawa, Berlin, and Barbarossa.
The battles were in the Pacific were bloody and cost many casualties; three battles were Midway, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.
The battles in the Pacific were major Axis victories that included Crete, Leningrad, and Iwo Jima.
Describe the importance of D-Day in the European theater.
D-Day was the largest military invasion in human history, and it marked the beginning of the end of the war for the Nazis.
D-Day was a major Allied loss to the Nazis and forced England to surrender to Nazi Germany.
D-Day was the first time an atomic bomb was used in human history and signaled the beginning of the nuclear age.
D-Day was the day when the US was forced to surrender to the Axis powers.
Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?
The Tuskegee Airmen were America's first parachute infantry division.
The Tuskegee Airmen were an infantry unit made up of Japanese Americans who won more combat medals than any other unit during WW2.
The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African American pilots in the US Air Force.
The Tuskegee Airmen were Native Americans who joined the Marines and created an unbreakable communication code against the Japanese.
Who were the 442nd Regimental Combat Team?
442nd Regimental Combat Team were America's first parachute infantry division.
442nd Regimental Combat Team were the first African American pilots in the US Air Force.
442nd Regimental Combat Team were a unit of Japanese Americans who won more combat medals than any other unit during WW2.
442nd Regimental Combat Team were Native Americans who joined the Marines and created an unbreakable communication code against the Japanese.
Who were the 101st Airborne?
101st Airborne were America's first parachute infantry division.
101st Airborne were America's first African American pilots in the US Air Force.
101st Airborne were a unit of Japanese Americans who won more combat medals than any other unit during WW2.
101st Airborne were Native Americans who joined the Marines and created an unbreakable communication code against the Japanese.
Who were the Navajo Code Talkers?
The Navajo Code Talkers were America's first parachute infantry division.
Navajo Code Talkers were a unit of Japanese Americans who won more combat medals than any other unit during WW2.
Navajo Code Talkers were the first African American pilots in the US Air Force.
Navajo Code Talkers were Native Americans who joined the Marines and created an unbreakable communication code against the Japanese.
What industry did women mainly work in during WWII?
Women mainly worked in factories, building airplanes and other military supplies.
Women mainly served in combat roles, fighting in important battles such as Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
Women created an unbreakable communication code to be used against the Japanese.
Women worked as advisers to Marshall, Eisenhower, and MacArthur and gave strategic offensive advice during important battles.
Who were the WASPs during WWII?
WASPS were a code name for biological and chemical warfare used against the Nazis.
WASPS were Women Airforce Service Pilots.
WASPS were the first African American pilots in the US Air Force.
WASPS were a new type of ballistic missile dropped on the Axis powers after the completion of the Manhattan Project.
What was the purpose of the Double V campaign?
The Double V campaign stood for victory over Russia and victory over the Nazis.
The Double V campaign stood for vigilance against Nazi spies and vitality in battle.
The Double V campaign symbolized victory over the Axis powers and victory over communism globally.
The Double V campaign stood for victory over fascism in Europe and victory over discrimination/racism at home.
What were two steps taken in America towards equality for African Americans during and after the War?
African Americans were allowed to attend all-white schools in the South and the Civil Rights Act was passed.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott occurred during the War and Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.
The Fair Employment Practices Commission was passed in 1942 (banning discriminatory employment practices), and the US military was de-segregated in 1948.
African Americans were granted US citizenship, the right to vote, and equal protection under the law in the 1940s.
How many Japanese-Americans were detained after the attack on Pearl Harbor?
Forty Japanese Americans accused of being spies were detained after the Pearl Harbor attack.
Around 120,000 Japanese Americans were detained after the Pearl Harbor attack.
Over a million Japanese Americans were detained after the Pearl Harbor attack.
All people with Japanese heritage living in America were detained after the Pearl Harbor attack.
What constitutional amendments were violated by the internment of Japanese-Americans? How did the Supreme Court justify their actions?
The 5th Amendment and 14th Amendment were violated during the internment of Japanese Americans. The Supreme Court referred to it as a time of "emergency and peril".
The 18th and 21st Amendments were violated during the internment of Japanese Americans. The Supreme Court referred to it as a time of "inept moral character".
The 1st and 2nd Amendments were violated during the internment of Japanese Americans. The Supreme Court referred to it as a time of "clear and present danger".
The first 10 Amendments were violated during the internment of Japanese Americans. The Supreme Court referred to it as the "Bill of Rights".
Who was Fred Korematsu and what were his actions?
Fred Korematsu was a soldier in the 101st Airborne division who won the Medal of Honor.
Fred Korematsu was an African American pilot and the first Tuskegee Airman with a confirmed kill.
Fred Korematsu was a Navajo code talker who created the unbreakable code used against the Japanese.
Fred Korematsu was a Japanese American who fought the internment system all the way to the Supreme Court.
What types of goods were rationed during WW2?
Clothes, metals, and water
Food, gas, tires, and leather
Seeds for growing crops and other farm supplies
Books, paper, and camera film
What is the purpose of a war bond?
A war bond allows prisoners of war to be released from jail.
War bonds offer ways for soldiers to afford stamps to be able to write letters home.
Civilians pay for the war but receive re-payment with interest at a later date.
War bonds donate the materials needed to construct weapons of war.
What was the purpose of the Bracero program?
The government paid African Americans to leave the rural South and join the 101st Airborne.
The government allowed European Jews to come work on American farms.
The government offered agricultural jobs to Japanese Americans living on the West Coast.
The government paid 5 million Mexican immigrants to come work on American farms.
Where were the most famous POW camps in Tennessee?
Camp Rutherford and Camp Murfreesboro
Camp Crossville (Crossville) and Camp Forrest (Tullahoma)
Camp Clarksville and Fort Campbell
Camp Riverdale and Camp Blackman
What was the Manhattan Project?
Code name for the elite group of US paratroopers and their battle strategy
Code name given for the alliance between Roosevelt and Churchill early in the War
Code name given for the construction of the atomic bomb, which took place in New Mexico and Tennessee.
Code name for the de-segregation of the US military
What was President Truman's rationale for using the atomic bomb?
He estimated that using the bomb would save a million American lives that would be lost in an invasion of Japan
He believed that the US ought to show Japan its military superiority after the Pearl Harbor attack
He wanted to show Nazi Germany what was coming for them if they didn't surrender
He had no choice; it was up to Eisenhower who decided that the bomb would be the quickest way to end the War.
What ideas were discussed at the Yalta Conference?
How to create an atomic bomb
How to integrate the US military
How to honor the WASP aviators killed in service
How to punish Germany after the War and how to form a United Nations
What ideas were discussed at the Potsdam Conference?
How to properly honor the Navajo Code Talkers
How to de-militarize Germany and how to punish Nazi war criminals
How to dismantle the Manhattan Project without people knowing
How to form a secret alliance with the USSR
What are some of the purposes/goals of the United Nations?
The UN seeks to control the amount of nuclear weapons around the world and keep the US in the lead in terms of numbers of warheads
The UN forces the former Axis countries to pay war reparations and pledge allegiance to the United States
The UN tries to maintain world peace and aids in humanitarian efforts around the world
All of these
Who was Cordell Hull?
A member of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team who won the Medal of Honor
A Japanese American who fought the internment system all the way to the Supreme Court
A Navajo Code Talker who helped America defeat Japan in the Pacific
A Tennessee politician who is known as the "Father of the United Nations"
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