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25 questions
What did astronomers who supported the heliocentric model observe that supporters of the geocentric model did not?
Earth Orbits the Sun.
The Moon orbits Earth.
Earth is a fixed object in space.
The planets move around Earth's night sky.
Which statement fits the heliocentric model of the solar system?
Planetary orbits are circular.
Earth revolves around the Sun.
The Sun revolves around Earth.
The planets are made of unchanging matter.
Which statement describes a difference between the geocentric model and the heliocentric model of the solar system?
The geocentric model states that planetary orbits are circular, and the heliocentric model states that they are elliptical.
The geocentric model states that planetary orbits are elliptical, and the heliocentric model states they are circular.
The geocentric model states that Earth is moving, and the heliocentric model states that Earth is stationary.
The heliocentric model states that both the Sun and the Moon orbit Earth, and the geocentric model states that only the Moon orbits Earth.
Mr. Luna asked his science class to work in groups to compare the heliocentric and geocentric models of the solar system. The students developed the chart shown below.
Which group provided answers that most accurately compared the models?
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Scientific knowledge changes over time due to old theories being replaced by new theories. Revisions are made as new knowledge becomes available. Consider the geocentric theory of Earth which was once accepted as an explanation of how objects were positioned in our solar system. Which statement best explains this theory?
The Sun is considered to be the center of the universe.
The orbits of the planets are elliptical and not circular.
The Sun is considered to be the center of revolving planets and stars.
Earth is considered to be the center of the revolving planets and the stars.
How did the planets in our solar system form?
The planets formed from an explosion on the Sun's surface.
The planets from other solar systems were trapped by the Sun's gravitational force.
The Sun's gravitational force pulled rocks and other debris together to form the planets.
The Sun's gravitational force trapped planet-sized pieces of rock that formed after a massive asteroid collided with a mega-sized planet.
A balance of inertia and gravity keeps a moon in orbit around a planet. What would result if the inertia of this moon were greater than the gravitational attraction to the planet? SC.8.E.5.4
The moon would move out of orbit.
The moon would crash into the planet.
The moon would orbit the planet with greater speed.
The moon would orbit the planet with a lesser speed.
Scientists believe that before the Solar System formed, it was a nebula, or cloud of gas and dust, which slowly began to become concentrated and rotate. Which force is responsible for causing the formation of the Solar System?
Electricity
Friction
Gravity
Magnetism
A small asteroid is passing very close to a large planet with a much greater mass. Which of the following is the best prediction of how the asteroid will be affected by the gravity of the planet, according to the law of universal gravitation?
The asteroid will attract the large planet ot it.
The asteroid will be attracted to the large planet.
The asteroid will not be affected by the large planet.
The asteroid will be repelled from the large planet.
A group of students listed the factors that they thought affected the strength of the gravitational force between the Sun and any one of its planets. Which of these items belongs on the list?
I. The mass of the Sun
II. The mass of the planet
III. The distance between the Sun and the planet
IV. The time it takes the planet to revolve around the Sun
II only
IV only
I and III only
I, II, and III only
Based on the distances of the planets from the Sun, which of the following is an accurate comparison?
The surface temperature of Earth is lower than the surface temperature of Jupiter.
The surface temperature of Mars is lower than the surface temperature of Neptune.
The surface temperature of Saturn is higher than the surface temperature of Venus.
The surface temperature of Mercury is higher than the surface temperature of Uranus.
What is an astronomical unit?
the distance around Earth
the distance across the solar system
the distance between Earth and the Sun
the distance between the Sun and its nearest star.
When astronauts travel to the moon, there were many factors that affected their ability to work on the surface of the moon. Which difference between Earth and the moon would most affect an astronaut's ability to work on the moon?
The moon is much smaller than Earth
the moon rotates on its axis much more slowly than Earth.
The moon does not have an atmosphere, but Earth does.
The moon revolves around Earth, but Earth revolves around the sun.
The planets are often placed into two groups. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are one group. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are another group. Which characteristic was used to group the planets this way?
ability to sustain life
distance from the Sun
direction they revolve and rotate
number of moons revolving around them.
Using the table below, which of the following objects in the solar system has less moons than Neptune and has a higher surface temperature than Neptune?
Earth
Jupiter
Pluto
Uranus
Which of these claims describes one way that technology assists humans with observing distant
Satellites that orbit distant stars relay information to Earth.
Probes collect materials from distant stars for human analysis.
Instruments on space shuttles make measurements of distant stars.
Telescopes that orbit Earth collect data about the composition of distant stars.
The world's largest infrared telescope is located in Hawaii. Which type of electromagnetic radiation does this telescope collect.
wavelengths that are shorter than visible light.
wavelengths that are longer than radio waves.
wavelengths that are shorter than gamma rays.
wavelengths that are longer than ultraviolet ligth.
Different types of telescopes, such as gamma-ray detectors and radio telescopes, are used in space science. What reasoning explains why?
Different types of telescopes are needed to detect visible light.
Different types of telescopes are needed to measure the wavelengths of radiation.
Different types of telescopes are needed to collect data from different ranges of radiation.
Different types of telescopes are needed to observe the same part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Scientists use satellites to monitor and record Earth's radiation from space. In which example would a scientist most likely be monitoring and recording infrared radiation?
measuring the area of land flooded by a tsunami
measuring the rate of cloud formation over a certain continent
measuring the difference between the temperatures at Earth's poles.
measuring the movement of continental plates beneath Earth's surface.
Electromagnetic radiation is generated by stars and has wavelengths and frequencies that contribute to each wave's special characteristics. Because of these characteristics, technology that accesses other information besides visible light has been used to study phenomena both on Earth and in outer space. Many different types of telescopes are used to study these phenomena so that scientists can get a better picture of our universe. Which telescope would be used to detect temperature signatures left behind by ancient stars gone supernova?
radio telescope
infrared telescope
reflecting telescope
refracting telescope
Who was the person that popularized the geocentric model?
Galileo
Aristotle
Copernicus
What is the biggest difference between the Geocentric Model and the Heliocentric Model?
the shape of the planets' orbits
the movement of the moon
the center of the solar system
Choose the largest planet in our solar system.
Jupiter
Neptune
Mercury
Earth
Choose the smallest planet in our solar system.
Mercury
Venus
Europa
Earth
Choose the planet in our solar system that rotates on its side.
Jupiter
Neptune
Uranus
Earth
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