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- 1. Multiple Choice
Absolute Dating
Method of measuring the age of an event or object using radioactive elements. Gives an exact date.
Method to determine if an event or object is older or younger by comparing the rock layers.
Principle that States that are above the rocks if the younger layers of oldest rocks have not been disturbed
- 2. Multiple Choice
Relative Dating
Method to determine if an event or object is older or younger by comparing the rock layers.
Method of measuring the age of an event or object using radioactive elements. Gives an exact date.
Principle that States that are above the rocks if the younger layers of oldest rocks have not been disturbed
- 3. Multiple Choice
Law of Superposition
Principle that States that are above the rocks if the younger layers of oldest rocks have not been disturbed
Method to determine if an event or object is older or younger by comparing the rock layers.
Method of measuring the age of an event or object using radioactive elements. Gives an exact date.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Half Life
The time required for half of a sample of a radioactive substance to undergo radioactive decay
Principle that States that are above the rocks if the younger layers of oldest rocks have not been disturbed
Method to determine if an event or object is older or younger by comparing the rock layers.
- 5. Multiple Choice
Fossil
The remains or evidence of a physical body preserved by geological processes.
A fossil who only lived short time but was widely distributed. Ex. Trilobites
The time required for half of a sample of a radioactive substance to undergo radioactive decay
Method to determine if an event or object is older or younger by comparing the rock layers.
- 6. Multiple Choice
Index Fossil
A fossil who only lived short time but was widely distributed. Ex. Trilobites
The remains or evidence of a physical body preserved by geological processes.
middle life (245-144 million years ago); rise of mammals and dinosaurs; the rise of birds; extinction of dinosaurs, rise of flowering plants
- 7. Multiple Choice
In what type of rock would a geologist MOST likely find evidence of ancient life?
sedimentary
igneous
metamorphic
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which method would be BEST for scientists to use to determine the absolute age of a Precambrian igneous rock?
index fossils
law of superposition
radiometric dating
relative dating
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which method can BEST be used by the students to determine the relative age of rock layers?
radiometric dating
rock type evaluation
the law of superposition
principle of uniformitarianism
- 10. Multiple Choice
Why do scientists use relative dating although it doesn't give you an exact age?
radiometric and absolute dating only work on organic (things that have lived)
law of superposition does give you an exact number
radiometric dating is only done on intrusions (magma) because magma is very radioactive (dangerous)
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which is a process that allows scientists to compare rock layers with others in a sequence to determine their age?
radiometric dating
absolute dating
relative dating
- 12. Multiple Choice
What can be used to find the exact age of a rock specimen?
ice cores
index fossils
radioactive dating
- 13. Multiple Choice
What role do faults play in the Law of Superposition?
Faults create new types of rock.
Faults are younger than the layers they cut through.
Faults are the same age as the layers they cut through.
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which is the best example of an index fossil?
corals found in rock layers worldwide
dinosaur bones found only in Australia
footprints of different types of dinosaurs
casts of bird feathers found in all layers of rock in an area
- 15. Multiple ChoiceThe index fossil of a type of trilobite is discovered in layer A of a set of rock layers found at three different sites of a field investigation. Which conclusion can be made about the rocks in layer A at all three sites?The rocks are all different agesThe rocks are all about the same ageThe rocks were formed from melting magmaThe rocks were formed during a catastrophic event
- 16. Multiple Choice
What is the geologic time scale?
a method to determine how old or young a fossil is
a time frame of earth's history
tells scientists the order of rock layers
- 17. Multiple Choice
What is an intrusion?
molten magma that goes through rock layers, is older than what it cuts through
molten magma that goes through rock layers, is younger than what it cuts through
lava that sits on the surface of the earth and has cooled down
- 18. Multiple Choice
What is another term for the word "fault"
intrustion
earthquake
magma
fossil
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which best represents the purpose of ice core drilling?
to study changes in gravity
to study changes in climate
to determine the relative age of fossils
- 20. Multiple Choice
What role do faults play in the Law of Superposition?
Faults create new types of rock.
Faults are younger than the layers they cut through.
Faults are the same age as the layers they cut through.
- 21. Multiple Choice
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
by hardening and cementing of layers of sediment
by fossils getting buried in various layers of sediment
by cooling and hardening of hot molten rock from inside the Earth
- 22. Multiple Choice
Where is evidence most often found to represent a record of Earth’s history?
air, lava, and fossils
water, air, and rocks
lava, water, and ice cores
rocks, fossils, and ice cores
- 23. Multiple Choice
Which is used to find the relative age of a rock?
composition of rock layers
position of rock layers
carbon-14 dating
uranium dating
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which provides the best evidence of Earth’s changing climate?
ice cores
volcanic ash
metamorphic rocks
sediment in river beds
- 25. Multiple Choice
An irregularly shaped rock formation is found within a group of parallel rock layers. What most likely created this formation?
thrust fault
lava intrusion
metamorphic rock
sediment deposition
- 26. Multiple Choice
Which is used in radioactive dating?
carbon-14
index fossils
hydrochloric acid
law of superposition
- 27. Multiple Choice
Where would evidence of earthquakes most often be found throughout Earth’s history?
in dry riverbeds
along fault lines
along the ocean shore line
in desert sand dune formations
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which type of rock forms from the cooling of lava?
igneous
limestone
sandstone
metamorphic
- 29. Multiple Choice
Which best describes a fossil that helps determine the relative age of a rock layer?
trace fossil
index fossil
radioactive fossil
unconformity fossil
- 30. Multiple Choice
Which is the most likely reason scientists would want to analyze the air trapped in an ice core?
to study how much oxygen was in the ice
to learn how the atmosphere changed over time
to determine how many gas bubbles were present in the air
to study how many animals lived on Earth when the ice was formed
- 31. Multiple Choice
Scientists studying rock layers classify the top layer as the most recent, followed by older layers that are uncovered as they dig deeper. Which law explains this method of relative dating?
law of geologic continuity
law of universal position
law of lateral continuity
law of superposition
- 32. Multiple Choice
formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
The Rock
minerals
- 33. Multiple Choice
type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure
metamorphic rock
mold fossil
volcano
igneous rock
- 34. Multiple Choice
the action or process of forcing a body of igneous rock between or through existing formations, without reaching the surface
intrusion
obstruction
relative age
rock layer
- 35. Multiple Choice
states that younger rock is found above older rock when comparing undisturbed sedimentary rock layers
law of superposition
trace fossil
matter can't be created or destroyed
atoms
- 36. Multiple Choice
Ice core
A long cylinder of ice obtained from drilling through ice caps used to study past climates and atmospheres
broken ice chips that are best used to cool grape soda
atoms that don't move and remain electrons when exposed to nuclear physical changes
a lot of reading. Did you read this one too? Good, cause the answer is all about climates and atmosphere
- 37. Multiple Choice
Which is a process that allows scientists to compare different rock layers in a sequence to determine their age?
radiometric dating
absolute dating
relative dating
speed dating
- 38. Multiple Choice
Scientists found two ammonite fossils in rock layers far across the ocean floor from each other. Ammonite fossils are a type of index fossil. Knowing this, which of the following could scientists infer about the rock layers containing the fossils?
The rock layers are about the same relative age.
Both rock layers formed because of volcanic activity.
The rock layers experienced the same kinds of erosion.
The same climate existed where both rock layers formed.
- 39. Multiple Choice
Why are index fossils used as guides to determine the age of rocks?
Each index fossil lived during a specific geologic time period.
Index fossils are found in igneous rocks.
Index fossils are very rare and are not commonly found in rocks.
All index fossils lived during all the periods of geologic time.
- 40. Multiple Choice
What is the primary reason a scientist would study an ice core sample?
to study changes in gravity
to study sedimentary rocks
to determine the relative age of fossils
to study changes in climate
- 41. Multiple ChoiceA rock formed from fragments of other rocks is a(n)Metamorphic RockSedimentary RockExtrusive RockIgneous Rock
- 42. Multiple ChoiceAn igneous rock containing large crystals is most likely a(n)Chemical RockFoliated RockExtrusive RockIntrusive Rock
- 43. Multiple ChoiceIf heat and pressure inside the Earth cause a rock to melt, the material that formed would beMetamorphicMagmaSedimentaryIgneous
- 44. Multiple ChoiceYou find a rock in which the grains are arranged in parallel bands of white and black crystals. The rock is probably a(n)Igneous rockSedimentary rockMetamorphic rockExtrusive rock
- 45. Multiple ChoiceThis rock was formed when molten rock cooled into a solid. What type of rock is it?Igneous RockMetamorphic RockSedimentary Rock
- 46. Multiple ChoiceThis rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?Sedimentary RockMetamorphic RockIgneous Rock
- 47. Multiple ChoiceWhat are the 3 major types of rocks?Igneous, Metamorphic, SedimentaryMetamorphic, Igneous, CementationBrown, Red, GrayStreak, Hardness, Breakage
- 48. Multiple ChoiceWhen sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.CompactionCementationWeatheringErosion
- 49. Multiple ChoiceThe process when rocks break into smaller pieces due to exposure to natural elements is callederosionweatheringsediments
- 50. Multiple ChoiceThe movement of weathered material (sediment) is called?weatheringerosiondeposition
- 51. Multiple ChoiceExtreme Heat and Pressure creates a _________ rock.IgneousMetamorphicSedimentaryMineral
- 52. Multiple ChoiceEach rock type can follow only one pathway of the rock cycle.TrueFalse
- 53. Multiple ChoiceWhere the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.EvolutionNatural SelectionExtinctionArtifical Selection
- 54. Multiple ChoiceWhy are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.Because they come from dominant alleles.Because they come from recessive alleles.Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
- 55. Multiple ChoiceThe geologic time scale is a record of___the thickness of sedimentary rock layersthe rate of fossil formationthe life forms and geologic evnts in Earth's historythe time since the evolution of dinosaurs
- 56. Multiple ChoiceThe fossil record shows that life on Earth has changed over time. For example, paleontologists have found that older rocks contain fossils oforganisms that are more complex than those alive todayboth simple and complex organismsonly organisms that are alive todayorganisms that are simpler than those alive today
- 57. Multiple ChoiceHow do most fossils form?Living things die and their remains are covered by sedimentThe hard parts of an organism dry out in the airThe soft parts of an organism change to stoneFreezing preserves the remains of an organism
- 58. Multiple ChoiceThe Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic are divisions in the geologic time scale called ____centurieslayersperiodseras
- 59. Multiple ChoiceThe presence of the same ________ on several continents supports the idea of continental drift.rocksfossilsboth fossils and rocksneither fossils nor rocks
- 60. Multiple ChoiceA lack of evidence for continental drift prevented many scientists from believing a single supercontinent called _________ existed.GlossopterisPangaeaGondwanalandMesosaurus
- 61. Multiple ChoiceFossils are usually found inigneous rockextrusionsintrusionssedimentary rock
- 62. Multiple ChoiceWhich layer is oldest?AWGZ
- 63. Multiple ChoiceWhy don't all living things become fossils?because some living things are too smallbecause some living things are too bigbecause some are subject to catastrophism and others are notbecause environmental conditions have to be just right to prevent decay
- 64. Multiple ChoiceHow do fossils form?Living things die and their remains are covered by sedimentinsects are covered in tree sapall of these are correctFreezing preserves the remains of an organism
- 65. Multiple ChoiceWhich feature helps an animal hide from other animals?looking like a dangerous animalbeing the same color as the place it lives (camoflauge)having sharp claws or a strong shelhaving only a few young and caring for them
- 66. Multiple ChoiceGiraffes have long necks. This allows them to eat from the tops of trees where other animals cannot reach. This is a result of...Natural SelectionAdaptationVariation
- 67. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement is NOT a reason why trilobites are good index fossils?They are found in many different locationsThey are found in many rock layersThey lived for only a short period of timeThey are unique
- 68. Multiple ChoiceSedimentary rocks found high in the Himalayan Mountains have been found with fossils of clams and other marine life. What does this indicate about the origin of the Himalayan Mountains?There was once a large ocean at top of the mountains.The Earth's crust that formed these mountains was once covered with an ocean.Animals that now live on the mountains once lived under water.Continental drift resulted two tectonic moving closer to each other over time.
- 69. Multiple ChoiceFossils found in layers of sediment give us clues to Earth's past. Based on the fossil record of this area, we can assume that this area wasonce a desert.once underwater.the site of volcanic activitylocated in a different place on Earth.
- 70. Multiple ChoiceSeveral factors affect an organisms ability to fossilize. A sedimentary depositional environment allows organisms to be buried by sediment before ____________.decay, weathering, or scavengers destroy the remains.scavengers destroy the remains.before decay weathering the remains.decay or weathering destroy the remains.
- 71. Multiple ChoiceFossil A is found in a layer of rock that is lower than the layer that Fossil B is found in. Based on this information, which statement is correct?Fossil A is older than Fossil B.Fossil B is older than Fossil A.Fossil A is younger than Fossil B.Fossil A is the same age as Fossil B.
- 72. Multiple ChoiceWhat is it called when better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to their offspring.EvolutionNatural SelectionExtinctionArtifical Selection
- 73. Multiple ChoiceWhat is this an example of?diversity of speciesvariationvestigial structuresDNA studies
- 74. Multiple ChoiceStructures with the same parts have different functions. This suggests that organismsare the same speciesshare a common ancestryare the same organismsare have varations across species
- 75. Multiple ChoiceHomologousVesitigialAnalogous
- 76. Multiple ChoiceHomologousVestigialAnalogous
- 77. Multiple ChoiceHomologousVestigialAnalogous
- 78. Multiple ChoiceHomologousVestigialAnalogous
- 79. Multiple ChoiceHumans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?The function of these bones is the same in all animalsThey live in similar environmentsThey have a common ancestorAll organisms resemble humans
- 80. Multiple ChoiceBird wings and butterfly wings are an example ofHomologous structureAnalogous structureMimicryCamoflague
- 81. Multiple ChoiceSome organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known asvestigial structuresanalogous structureshomologous structuresfossil structures
- 82. Multiple ChoiceThe structures shown are_________homologousheterologousanalogousvestigial
- 83. Multiple ChoiceThe survival of the fittestNatural selctionEvolutionMimicCamouflage
- 84. Multiple ChoiceThe changes of species over timeEmbryonicNatural selectionMimicryEvolution
- 85. Multiple ChoiceWhich layer is the youngest1234
- 86. Multiple ChoiceWhich layer is the oldestBAEC
- 87. Multiple ChoiceNotice the similarities of a shark and dolphin. If these similarities developed by common life experiences and not by common ancestry, which of the following vocabulary words would best describe them?a. Vestigial Organb. Embryological Similaritiesc. Homologous Structuresd. Analogous Structures
- 88. Multiple ChoiceThe best definition for biological evolution is?A. When Earth’s processes cause change overtime.B. When rock’s change over time.C. When a species changes overtime.
- 89. Multiple Choice
A Variation that makes an organism more suited to its surroundings
adaptation
variation
evolution
embryology
- 90. Multiple Choice2. A species is.....A type of DNA.A group of different colored frogsA group of organisms that can mate with each other.
- 91. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement best describes the process of evolution?Populations can survive in different locations on earthEnvironmental conditions limit the number of species on EarthPopulations grow when resources are abundantThe traits of a species can change over time
- 92. Multiple ChoiceThe white feathers of a snowy owl allow it to blend in with its environment during the winter months (snow). This is an example of ________________SpeciesEnvironmental ChangeAdaptationVariation
- 93. Multiple ChoiceA fossil of an extinct dinosaur is found and the anatomy of the fossil shows similarities to that of a bird. What could this mean?This is purely by chance and isn't significantThe extinct dinosaur and modern bird share a common ancestorAll dinosaurs evolved into birds and that's why there aren't any dinosaurs alive todayDinosaurs choose to fly, and evolved into birds to escape predation and capture food
- 94. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?To look different from other species.To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.To protect itself against predators.To protect itself against prey.
- 95. Multiple ChoiceAn example of a vestigial structure:bird wing and human armbird wing and butterfly wingrat appendix and human appendix
- 96. Multiple ChoiceThe hind leg bones in a whale are examples ofhomologous structuresanalogous structuresfossilsvestigal structures
- 97. Multiple ChoiceWhat does the theory of continental drift state?The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over timeContinents are stationary and do not moveThe Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currentsnone of the above
- 98. Multiple Choice
According to the continental drift hypothesis, the presence of similar fossils in South America and Africa supports which scientific idea?
Animals easily and frequently travel from Africa to South America.
Species of animals probably traveled between continents on natural rafts (such as trees destroyed in tsunamis).
Land bridges once existed that connected the continents.
South America and Africa were once connected together.
- 99. Multiple Choice
What was the name of the supercontinent?
Panorama
Pangea
Panamerican
Wegener
- 100. Multiple Choice
What is the theory that continents were all once together and have drifted apart?
american movement
continental plates
continental drift
memorial drift
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