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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which question should you ask to find out the length of a planet’s year?
How much does the planet tilt on its axis of rotation?
How long does it take the planet to orbit the sun?
How large is the planet?
How long does it take the planet to rotate on its axis?
- 2. Multiple Choice
Aside from Earth's tilt, what other factor contributes to Earth's seasons?
the angle of the sun's rays and the number of hours of daylight
the energy as heat from the moon
cold or warm air blowing from the oceans
the time of day
- 3. Multiple Choice
When Earth, the sun, and the moon align to form a right angle, which type of tide takes place?
neap tide
high tide
spring tide
low tide
- 4. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows the position of Earth at four different times during the year. In what position would the United States receive the most hours of daylight?
position 3
position 1
position 4
position 2
- 5. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows the relative positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun. The moon is shown at four possible positions around Earth. Which position of the moon could result in a lunar eclipse?
3
2
4
1
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which is a similarity between a neap tide and a spring tide?
Neap tides occur once a year in fall and spring tides once a year in spring.
A neap tide occurs at night, and a spring tide occurs during the day.
Each tide occurs twice a month, and is determined by the pull of gravity of the moon.
Each occurs twice a year and relates to the phases of the moon.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the term season?
a time of year that is characterized by constantly changing weather conditions
the time it takes Earth to complete one full rotation on its axis
a specific time of the year that is characterized by recurring weather conditions
the time it takes Earth to complete one revolution around the sun
- 8. Multiple Choice
How often does the moon pass over a particular spot on Earth's surface, causing tides as a result of its gravitational pull?
once every 12 hours and 25 minutes
once every 10 seconds
once every 24 hours and 50 minutes
once every 14 days
- 9. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows the relative positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth. What does the diagram show?
a third-quarter moon
a lunar eclipse
a first-quarter moon
a solar eclipse
- 10. Multiple Choice
The figure below illustrates ocean water levels in a location on the Florida coast. What is the tidal range in this location?
0 m
-1 m
2 m
+1 m
- 11. Multiple Choice
The moon revolves around Earth. The moon travels at a speed of about 1 km/s. Which of the following keeps the moon in orbit around Earth?
magnetism
gravity
ocean tides
sun nuclear fusion
- 12. Multiple Choice
During which two phases of the moon do spring tides take place?
new moon, full moon
third quarter moon, full moon
new moon, first quarter moon
first quarter moon, third quarter moon
- 13. Multiple Choice
The diagram below presents the phases of the moon as viewed from space. The various positions of the moon are numbered. Which position would appear as a waning gibbous moon when viewed from Earth?
8
4
6
2
- 14. Multiple Choice
The phases of the moon are the regular changes in how the moon looks from Earth. In which phase is the moon not visible from Earth?
waxing crescent
waxing gibbous
waning crescent
new moon
- 15. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows how Earth spins on its axis, causing day and night. Which term describes the movement shown?
tilt
orbit
rotation
revolution
- 16. Multiple Choice
During which two phases of the moon do neap tides take place?
new moon, full moon
third quarter moon, full moon
first quarter moon, third quarter moon
new moon, first quarter moon
- 17. Multiple Choice
What would happen if the time it took for Earth to make one rotation around its axis increased?
A day would be shorter.
A year would be longer.
A day would be longer.
A year would be shorter.
- 18. Multiple Choice
Vesna is studying how Earth’s tilt results in seasonal differences in sunlight and day length. She drew a diagram of Earth to show how it is tilted on its axis. Vesna wants to include the label of Earth’s tilt on her diagram. What angle should Vesna add?
45 degrees
30 degrees
23.5 degrees
15.5 degrees
- 19. Multiple Choice
During equinox, the sun’s rays strike Earth at a 90-degree angle along the equator. What is the result of the equinox?
the hours of daylight are longer than the hours of darkness
an unseasonably warm day in the midst of winter
the hours of daylight and the hours of darkness are about the same
the hours of darkness are longer than the hours of daylight
- 20. Multiple Choice
The part of Earth that is tilted toward the sun changes throughout the year, as shown in the diagram below. In which position is Earth when the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer?
position 1
position 2
position 3
position 4
- 21. Multiple Choice
How long does it take Earth to complete one orbit around the sun?
60 days
1 day
27 days
365 1/4 days
- 22. Multiple Choice
Why is the timing of tides predictable?
because ocean water density is predictable
because the moon's path is predictable
because the sun's movements are predictable
because winds are predictable
- 23. Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes a neap tide?
the difference in levels of ocean water at high tide and at low tide
a tide of minimum range that takes place two times a month
a rise in ocean water levels that takes place on the side of Earth nearest the moon
the periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans
- 24. Multiple Choice
Luis created a clay model of Earth. To show how Earth rotates, Luis wants to use a toothpick to represent Earth’s axis of rotation. Where should Luis place the toothpick?
horizontally through Earth from one side of the equator to the other side
horizontally through Earth in the direction of Earth’s orbit
diagonally across Earth, halfway between the equator and the two poles
vertically through the center of Earth, slightly tilted to the side
- 25. Multiple Choice
The Northern Hemisphere receives more solar energy during one half of the year than it does during the other half of the year. Which of the following happens during the year to explain this?
The angle that Earth is tilted on its axis changes.
The distance of the Northern Hemisphere from the sun changes.
The amount of energy that is produced by the sun changes.
The angle at which sunlight reaches the Northern Hemisphere changes.
- 26. Multiple Choice
Astronomers use cameras on Earth and in orbit to observe the solar system and other objects in space. Suppose that a camera on Earth takes a picture of a large, dark, round object in the sky. Which event is most likely taking place?
a solar eclipse
a third quarter moon
a first quarter moon
a lunar eclipse
- 27. Multiple Choice
Once a month, Earth passes directly between the moon and the sun. Is a solar eclipse possible during this time?
Yes, because new moons happen when Earth is between the moon and the sun, and solar eclipses happen only during new moons.
No, because new moons happen when Earth is between the moon and the sun, and solar eclipses happen only during full moons.
Yes, because full moons happen when Earth is between the moon and the sun, and solar eclipses happen only during full moons.
No, because full moons happen when Earth is between the moon and the sun, and solar eclipses happen only during new moons.
- 28. Multiple Choice
Examine the diagram of Earth's orbit below. The position labeled “1” represents the season of summer in___ .
Antarctica
the Southern Hemisphere
the Eastern Hemisphere
the Northern Hemisphere
- 29. Multiple Choice
Ann is looking at the night sky. There is a first-quarter moon. What does she see?
a moon shaped like a half circle
a moon shaped like a circle, shining brightly
a moon shaped like a crescent
no moon in the sky
- 30. Multiple Choice
What causes tides?
the gravitational pull of the moon on the water at Earth's surface
underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides
heat from the sun, which causes winds
density differences in ocean water
- 31. Multiple Choice
Bonita observes the moon several times during the month of August. She sketches the appearance of the moon on four days—August 1, August 9, August 17, and August 24—and identifies each lunar phase. Bonita’s data is shown in the table below. On which date should Bonita expect the next new moon to take place?
September 12
August 31
September 7
September 22
- 32. Multiple Choice
What two factors impact the length of a season?
Earth’s tilt relative to the sun and Earth’s position in its orbit around the sun
Earth’s tilt relative to the sun and the other planets in the solar system
Earth’s rotational speed and Earth’s position in its orbit around the sun and stars
Earth’s tilt relative to the moon and Earth’s rotational speed
- 33. Multiple Choice
Just as Earth moves around the sun, the moon revolves around Earth. About how many Earth days does it take for the moon to travel around Earth?
about 180 days
about 365 days
about 7 days
about 28 days
- 34. Multiple Choice
Which term describes the periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans and other large bodies of water?
current
wave
neap
tide
- 35. Multiple Choice
Which of these statements best describes tides?
changes in water level that happen when Earth, the sun, and the moon form a straight line
the periodic rise and fall of water levels in the oceans and other large bodies of water
a water level lower than the average water level
a water level higher than the average water level
- 36. Multiple Choice
Which gravitational pull has the greatest effect on tides?
the sun's gravitational pull on the moon
Earth's gravitational pull on the moon
the sun's gravitational pull on Earth
the moon's gravitational pull on Earth
- 37. Multiple Choice
Sometimes the moon looks like a crescent. At other times, the moon looks like a half circle. What makes it possible for you to see the surface of the moon from Earth?
Light from Earth is reflected by the moon’s surface.
The moon absorbs sunlight during the day and glows at night.
The moon gives off its own light.
Light from the sun is reflected by the moon’s surface.
- 38. Multiple Choice
Taylor and Jose pulled their boat up onto the beach and went on a hike. When they returned, the beach was covered by water and the boat was floating offshore. What is the most likely explanation?
The spring tide came early.
The gravitational pull of the sun and moon decreased the tidal range.
The low tide receded and pulled the boat out to sea.
The water level rose due to the high tide.
- 39. Multiple Choice
Oksana observed the appearance of the moon every week for a month. She sketches her observations. Which of these diagrams best shows how the moon’s appearance could have changed during the month Oksana performed her investigation?
- 40. Multiple Choice
Each lunar cycle has one full moon, in which the relative positions of Earth, the sun, and the moon form in a straight line. Which list represents the position of Earth, the sun, and the moon during a full moon?
moon, sun, Earth
sun, moon, Earth
sun, Earth, moon
Earth, sun, moon
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