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- 1. Multiple Choice
The diagram above represents a model of Earth’s surface and internal structure. Letters A, B, C, and D represent four different layers. Some depths below Earth’s surface are shown. Which Earth layer is inferred to be composed of solid nickel and iron?
A
B
C
D
- 2. Multiple Choice
Oceanic crust is sliding beneath the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific Ocean, forming the Aleutian Trench at a
divergent plate boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Juan de Fuca Plate
divergent plate boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate
convergent plate boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Juan de Fuca Plate
convergent plate boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate
- 3. Multiple Choice
On the map above, points A through D represent locations on Earth’s surface.Which location is positioned over a mantle hot spot?
A
B
C
D
- 4. Multiple Choice
The map shows California and a section of the San Andreas Fault. What is the primary geologic process occurring along the San Andreas Fault?
convergence
transform movement
spreading movement
subduction
- 5. Multiple Choice
Compared to the oceanic crust, the continental crust is usually
thicker, with a less dense granitic composition
thicker, with a more dense basaltic composition
thinner, with a less dense granitic composition
thinner, with a more dense basaltic composition
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which mantle hot spot is located directly below a mid-ocean ridge plate boundary?
Yellowstone
Canary Islands
Iceland
Hawaii
- 7. Multiple Choice
The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
According to the cross section, every 1 million years, the ocean floor bedrock moves approximately
20 km toward the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
20 km away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
40 km toward the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
40 km away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- 8. Multiple Choice
The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Which map best represents the pattern of magnetic polarity in the minerals of ocean-floor bedrock on each side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which two features are commonly found at divergent plate boundaries?
wide valleys and deltas
ocean trenches and subduction zones
hot spots and island arcs
mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys
- 10. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents a cut-away view of Earth’s interior and the paths of some of the seismic waves produced by an earthquake that originated below Earth’s surface. Points A, B, and C represent seismic stations on Earth’s surface. Point D represents a location at the boundary between the core and the mantle.
Which process prevented P-waves from arriving at seismic station B?
reflection
refraction
convection
conduction
- 11. Multiple Choice
The cross section represents the pattern of seismic wave movement away from an earthquake. Point W represents a location at the boundary between two layers of Earth’s interior. Points X, Y, and Z represent seismic stations on Earth’s surface.
Which data best describe the depth below Earth’s surface and the density of Earth’s interior at location W?
Depth: 600 km
Density: changes from 3.4 g/cm3 to 5.6 g/ cm3
Depth: 1000 km
Density: averages 4.5 g/ cm3
Depth: 2900 km
Density: changes from 5.6 g/ cm3 to 9.9 g/ cm3
Depth: 5100 km
Density: averages 11.1 g/ cm3
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which statement best explains why no S-waves were received directly from this earthquake at some seismic stations?
An interior Earth layer absorbs S-waves.
Earth’s mantle reflects S-waves.
S-waves travel slower than P-waves.
S-waves travel only on Earth’s surface.
- 13. Multiple Choice
Hot Spots and Mantle Plumes
Research of mantle hot spots indicates that mantle plumes form in a variety of sizes and shapes. These mantle plumes range in diameter from several hundred kilometers to 1000 kilometers. Some plumes rise as blobs rather than in a continuous streak; however, most plumes are long, slender columns of hot rock slowly rising in Earth’s stiffer mantle. One theory is that most plumes form at the boundary between the outer core and the stiffer mantle. They may reach Earth’s surface in the center of plates or at plate boundaries, producing volcanoes or large domes.
Compared to the surrounding material, mantle plumes rise toward Earth’s surface from the core-mantle boundary because they are
cooler and less dense
cooler and more dense
hotter and less dense
hotter and more dense
- 14. Multiple Choice
Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary between the
African Plate and the Eurasian Plate
Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate
Indian-Australian Plate and the Antarctic Plate
South American Plate and the North American Plate
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which block diagram represents the plate motion that causes the earthquakes that occur along the San Andreas Fault in California?
1
2
3
4
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which block diagram represents the plate motion near India where the Indian Austrailian plateis meets the Eurasian plate?
1
2
3
4
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which block diagram represents the plate motion near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
1
2
3
4
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which block diagram represents the plate motion near the west coast of South America where the Nazca plate meets the South American Plate?
1
2
3
4
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