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25 questions
When your thinking is automatic, effortless, and passive, you are engaging in __________ processing.
experimental
reflective
contextual
reactive
Which type of processing can help you learn more from a textbook and better understand and remember details?
automatic processing
experimental processing
reflective processing
retroactive processing
When the study of material is deliberately self-reflective and actively self-guided, it is known as
massed practice
experimental recitation
self-regulated learning
classical conditioning
To help the student study in smaller “bites,” the textbook is divided into short sections that end with a study guide that contains Recite questions as well as the Think Critically and Self-Reflect questions for students to check how well he or she remembers what was read. These study guides found after each short reading section are called?
Reflection Signpost
Study Breaks
Discovering Psychology
Clinical Files
Psychology is best defined as the
empirical study of the human personality
study of individual differences in the group behavior of humans and animals.
scientific study of overt behavior and mental processes.
scientific study of the relationship between mind and body
Professor Windham asks her general psychology students to give an example of an overt behavior. Which of the following would be an example of an overt behavior?
gesturing to someone to come over to the group
feeling happy that class is almost over
daydreaming about the coming weekend
remembering the definition of overt behavior
In order to find out whether “the clothes make the man” or whether “one can’t judge a book by its cover,” researchers scientifically observe people who are well dressed and people who are not and determine who fares better in a variety of situations. The information that these researchers gained would be considered __________ evidence.
intuitive
introspective
empirical
commonsense
The goals of psychology are to
develop effective methods of psychotherapy and cure mental illness.
describe, understand, predict, and control behavior.
research, infer, summarize, and publish.
compare, analyze, and control human behavior.
The first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany was set up in order to
break down conscious experiences, such as sensations.
study how the use of reinforcement and punishment alter behaviors.
understand the unconscious conflicts individuals experience.
understand how language and intelligence develop.
Humanistic theories emphasize
internal motives, conflicts, and unconscious forces.
free will and self-determination.
that stimulus and response connections determine behavior
the use of rewards and punishments to shape behavior
The “father of psychology” and founder of the first psychological laboratory was
Wilhelm Wundt
Sigmund Freud
John B. Watson.
B.F. Skinner
1) Which type of psychology focuses on our potential for optimal functioning and addresses such topics as love, happiness, creativity, well-being, self-confidence, and achievement?
positive psychology
psychodynamic psychology
sociocultural psychology
cognitive psychology
Incredible but false stories posted on the Internet, such as “the health department in Oregon looking for someone fluent in the fictional language of Klingon,” illustrates the need for readers to always
be cautious
be wary of overly complex explanations
remember that truth is often stranger than fiction
consider that numerous postings of information on the Internet are required to establish proof
1) You caution a friend about eating so many foods that are high in fat content. Your friend replies that his grandfather ate all the bacon and cheese he wanted and he lived to be 93. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for your friend’s error in reasoning?
the Barnum effect
the use of individual cases
the self-fulfilling prophecy
the fallacy of negative instances
If a television ad tells you that a “life coach” can map out your entire career and financial future if you log-on and pay for three half-hour Web-based sessions
beware of oversimplification
note the difference between observation and inference
remember that correlation does not mean causation
realize the authenticity of the life coach has been thoroughly checked by the TV media before broadcast
Which school of thought emphasizes that the psychological needs for love, self-esteem, belonging, self-expression, creativity, and spirituality are just as important as the biological needs for food and water?
behaviorism
cognitive psychology
humanism
psychodynamic psychology
Messages flow from the brain to the spinal cord and then to other parts of the body through the __________ nervous system.
central
peripheral
parietal
temporal
The brain carries out most of the “computing” in the nervous system and communicates with the rest of the body through the large bundle of nerves called the
parietal branch
spinal cord
occipital cord
temporal branch
The three main areas of the subcortex are the
brainstem, cerebellum, and corpus callosum.
forebrain, brainstem, and the upper parts of the hindbrain.
brainstem, midbrain, and cerebral cortex.
brainstem, midbrain, and the lower parts of the forebrain.
A nerve cell carrying information from your eyes, ears, fingers, etc. toward the CNS is called a(n)
motor neuron
effector cell
connector neuron
sensory neuron
Which of the following CAN be seen without magnification?
a neuron
a nerve
both
neither
Which part of the brain consists of two large hemispheres, which are divided into smaller areas known as lobes?
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
limbic system
reticular formation
A preference for using the right or left hand for most activities is referred to as
brain lateralization
hand lateralization
handedness
preferential dominance
Rick does some activities better using his right hand, while he performs better on other tasks using his left hand. Rick would be described as
being moderately right-handed
being moderately left-handed.
being ambidextrous
having inconsistent handedness
Which part of the brain generates our sense of self, including our awareness of our current emotional state?
prefrontal cortex
primary somatosensory area
thalamus
Wernicke's area
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