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- 1. Multiple Choice
An ethnic neighborhood is best described as which of the following?
A voluntary urban community where people of similar origin reside
A rural community where people with similar backgrounds are required to live
An area in the inner city where certain groups are forced to live
A city neighborhood that is undergoing population change due to immigration
An involuntary community where people with similar values reside
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which scenario best explains the process of assimilation?
A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood.
The American government educated Native American children in American-style boarding schools. All of the children were taught English, and girls were taught how to be homemakers.
Hinduism diffused from India to Bali, where it blended with traditional Balinese beliefs to create a form of Hinduism unique to Bali.
The island of Mauritius has large populations of Christians, Hindus, and Muslims. The constitution of Mauritius prohibits discrimination and protects freedom of religion.
Despite the large number of historic churches in France, many French identify as nonreligious and believe that religion is a private matter.
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best explains how Christianity became the dominant religion in the Philippines?
Christianity was brought to the Philippines through relocation diffusion when the Spanish colonized the Philippines in the sixteenth century.
Christianity entered the Philippines through contagious diffusion because of its proximity to Indonesia.
A secondary hearth for Christianity arose in the Philippines in the twelfth century, and since that time Christianity has remained the dominant religion in the Philippines.
Christianity entered the Philippines through the ministry of representatives from the Russian Orthodox church.
Export-oriented logging companies from Japan brought Christianity to the Philippines during the twentieth century.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Cities in India have a competitive advantage over cities in China as locations for international consumer services, such as call centers and bill processing. This advantage has its origins in which of the following?
Large amounts of mineral resources found in China used to manufacture goods for export
Low levels of primary-level education in China
The Indian government’s status as a neutral state in global political affairs
The English language legacy of British colonialism in India
Chinese emigration to Southeast Asia in the 1800s and 1900s
- 5. Multiple Choice
Cultural landscape can be defined as
a particular area within a geographic region dedicated to cultural activities
the forms superimposed on the physical environment by the activities of humans
the ways that people in differing cultures perceive the environment
the diversity of distinctive cultures within a particular geographic area
the types of art, music, dance, and theater practiced in a particular region
- 6. Multiple Choice
Chinese porcelain was highly valued in Europe for its beauty, style, and durability. However, imported porcelain from China was very expensive. Crafters in Germany and England developed new methods of making porcelain using feldspar and bone rather than the kaolin that was used in China. This new porcelain was viewed as having similar quality to Chinese porcelain, and the new methods continued to be used in Europe.
This example describes what type of diffusion?
Relocation diffusion, because the Chinese brought their porcelain to Europe
Expansion diffusion, because the porcelain-making process spread from China to Europe
Hierarchical diffusion, because only the wealthy could afford porcelain
Contagious diffusion, because people throughout the world adopted the use of porcelain
Stimulus diffusion, because the Europeans adapted a Chinese concept to fit their own needs
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements best explains why English is the most widely spoken language in North America?
The English language initially diffused to North America through the process of relocation diffusion. A number of colonies were established and settled by people from Great Britain.
The English language became a widely spoken language in North America in the twentieth century. This primarily occurred as a way of unifying the immigrant populations in both the United States and Canada.
The English language was established as the official language of all of the British colonies in North America. Over time, it diffused throughout the population from the colonial leadership to the population.
The English language diffused throughout North America through the process of hierarchical diffusion. The language was initially spoken in cities and was gradually adopted by people living in rural areas.
The English language diffused to North America through the process of contagious diffusion. Christian missionaries were responsible for the spread of the language among the indigenous population.
- 8. Multiple Choice
The photograph shows a road sign in the Republic of Ireland. Which of the following best describes the sign's significance within the cultural landscape?
The sign indicates that County Cork is a linguistic region of the Republic of Ireland.
The sign delineates an international political border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
The sign promotes the use of traditional language among citizens of the Republic of Ireland.
The sign represents a uniform cultural identity within the region.
The sign promotes the use of a single language in the region.
- 9. Multiple Choice
The sign shown in the image includes an Internet address for the county government. Explain how the sign illustrates the cultural tensions between traditional languages and English.
English is being used less outside of the United Kingdom. Speaking a traditional language as a first language has become the norm in former British colonies.
The Internet is produced only in English; as a result, many traditional languages disappear due to the dominance of English-language communication.
Many countries ban the use of English-language Internet sites in an effort to resist the forces of globalization and protect their traditional languages.
The Internet spreads the use of English as a global lingua franca, but the Internet is also a place where traditional languages can be communicated and thrive.
English is used for business and commerce on the Internet, while traditional languages such as Gaelic can only be heard in poems and music recordings but not written on the Internet.
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best explains how the English language diffused to the location shown in the image?
The English language was imposed on this location through a process of economic and political domination.
English came to this location recently via imported popular culture such as movies and music.
English was the standard language of the Catholic Church and diffused to this location through religious practices.
English was voluntarily adopted in this location as a useful lingua franca.
This location is the hearth of the English language, and English is the area's traditional language.
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the concept of hierarchical diffusion?
The increasing popularity of Korean pop music around the world because of social media
The practice of selling pizza by the slice in America, whereas pizzas in Italy were traditionally sold as whole pies
The migration of asylum seekers from Syria to Europe
The addition of hands-free driving features to cars manufactured by companies headquartered throughout the world
The increasing sales of clothing brands endorsed by professional athletes to customers in Europe
- 12. Multiple Choice
If four languages have similar words for numbers and the names of fish, but different names for a certain disease, what might be concluded about the time at which the disease first diffused?
The disease spread to two different populations that later divided into two different languages.
The population divided and evolved into the four different languages, and then the disease spread.
The disease and language spread to four different regions at the same time at the same rate.
The disease spread among a population that later divided and evolved into four different languages.
There can be no conclusions drawn about the initial diffusion of the disease based on language
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best explains the Internet’s homogenizing effect on global language patterns?
Social media applications commonly support dozens of different languages.
The English language is widely used on the Internet.
An increasing number of Internet users communicate exclusively through emojis.
Many governments censor citizens’ Internet access.
The Internet accelerates communication so that people from different cultures can interact quickly and easily.
- 14. Multiple Choice
How does the map illustrate global diffusion of the French language from its cultural hearth in Paris?
The map shows how in many areas of the former French empire the language persists despite the independence of former colonies.
The map shows how people’s love of French food has facilitated the spread of the French language to many parts of the world.
The map shows how France was an ancient-culture hearth from which the French language spread through expansion diffusion.
The map shows how French civil servants established schools in many parts of the French colonial empire.
The map shows how French-language movies, music, and literature dominate global entertainment media.
- 15. Multiple Choice
The map shows the distribution of the language family that has the largest number of speakers in the world. Which statement correctly identifies the language family shown and the method of diffusion that best explains the pattern?
The map shows the distribution of the Sino-Tibetan language family, which diffused from its hearth in China and spread into Europe by contagious diffusion and to the Americas through stimulus diffusion.
The map shows the distribution of the Afro-Asiatic language family, which diffused from it hearth in Egypt and spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula and into Eurasia through contagious diffusion and into the Americas through colonialism and relocation diffusion.
The map shows the distribution of the Amerindian language family, which diffused from its hearth in Canada and spread southward into South America through contagious diffusion and into Europe and Asia through trade and hierarchal diffusion.
The map shows the distribution of the Indo-European language family, which diffused from its hearth in the Caucasus Mountains and spread throughout Eurasia through contagious diffusion and into the Americas, Africa, and Australia through colonialism and relocation diffusion.
The map shows the distribution of the Uralic language family, which diffused from its hearth in Iceland and spread into northern Europe through contagious diffusion by Norse trading groups.
- 16. Multiple Choice
The image shows a religious structure in Mexico City. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on the image?
Mass transportation systems were designed to alleviate traffic congestion.
Spanish colonialism influenced architecture of the cultural landscape.
Social class divisions determined by the Spanish aristocracy are evident in Latin American cities.
Gentrification of the central market area of an urbanized zone led to an increase economic development.
Socialist planning resulted in segregation of Mexico City.
- 17. Multiple Choice
Sometimes a diffusion process encounters barriers that slow or stop the spread of an innovation. Which of the following is an example of such a barrier?
A lack of infrastructure to support a new technology
A jump from contagious to hierarchical diffusion
A new form of media to broadcast information
A change in the price of energy
A transition from stimulus to contagious diffusion
- 18. Multiple Choice
Swahili in East Africa and English in global commerce are examples of
creole language
lingua franca
official language
standard language
pidgin languages
- 19. Multiple Choice
The diffusion pattern of Walmart stores, which have spread from small towns to large cities throughout the United States, is an example of
reverse hierarchical diffusion
relocation diffusion
stimulus diffusion
distance decay
contagious diffusion
- 20. Multiple Choice
The Gullah language is spoken in African-American communities of the coastal southeastern United States, particularly in South Carolina, Georgia, and northeastern Florida. It is a combination of Elizabethan English and African dialects. One can describe Gullah as a
Sino-Tibetan dialect
creolized language
language family
linguistic branch of the Niger-Congo family
lingua franca
- 21. Multiple Choice
The principal religion of Central and South America is
Roman Catholicism
Islam
Eastern Orthodoxy
Protestantism
Buddhism
- 22. Multiple Choice
The world’s three major monotheistic religions originated in which of the following regions?
Western Europe
Southwest Asia
Eastern Europe
East Asia
Africa
- 23. Multiple Choice
Toponyms in southern California reflect which of the following?
Role of popular culture in American society
Importance of time-space convergence
Growing influence of globalization
Cultural heritage of the settlers
Significance of locational theory
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which of the following correctly lists the four major ancient culture hearths?
Central Asia, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Mesopotamia
Central Asia, India, Nile Valley, Southern Europe
Ethiopia, Ghana, Machu Picchu, Mongolia
Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, Nile Valley, North China
Egypt, Mekong Valley, Middle East, Western Africa
- 25. Multiple Choice
Which of the following correctly sequences the continuum from language family to dialect?
Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Arabic, Berber
Indo-European, Germanic, English, Midland-Northern
Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic, Mandarin, Chinese
Indo-European, Baltic-Slavic, Russian, Ukranian
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Hindi, Bengali
- 26. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an example of a cultural landscape?
Coastal wetland
Adobe ruins
Eroded shoreline
Cloud forest
Stand of mangrove trees
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an example of an ethnic religion?
Islam
Buddhism
Mormonism
Roman Catholicism
Judaism
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is most accurate with regard to food preferences and taboos?
Low hog production in China demonstrates an avoidance of pork by the Chinese.
Some foods are avoided for religious or cultural reasons even at the expense of a balanced diet.
Food preferences and taboos have little influence on the diet in Arabia and Southeast Asia.
Food preferences and taboos show little variability between cultures.
Food preferences are stronger than taboos as seen by the high consumption of beef on the Deccan Plateau
- 29. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true of popular culture?
It is more static than folk culture.
It incorporates traits that diffuse quickly to a wide variety of places
It promotes regional diversity.
It is practiced among a homogeneous group of people in the world.
It spreads primarily by relocation diffusion.
- 30. Multiple Choice
Which of the following religions is appropriately matched with its region of origin?
Christianity . . Germany
Islam . . Egypt
Judaism . . Spain
Buddhism . . India
Hinduism . . China
- 31. Multiple Choice
Which of the following terms best describes the geographical boundary of one particular linguistic feature?
Language border
Dialect
Toponym
Linguistic hearth
Isogloss
- 32. Multiple Choice
Historically, cultural diffusion patterns in the United States have tended to flow in which general direction?
North to south
East to west
West to east
South to north
northwest to southwest
- 33. Multiple Choice
A Hindu temple located in Texas is most likely the result of which kind of diffusion?
Stimulus
Hierarchical
Relocation
Expansion
Contagious
- 34. Multiple Choice
A highly simplified language developed between linguistically heterogeneous groups for the purposes of basic intergroup communication is known as which of the following?
Pidgin
Standard dialect
Creole
Lingua Franca
Bilingualism
- 35. Multiple Choice
A minaret is an architectural feature common to places of worship in which of the following religions?
Hinduism
Buddhism
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
- 36. Multiple Choice
The predominance of English as the preferred language spoken at many international business meetings & political summits could be cited to support the claim that English is popular:
Dialect
Lingua franca
Language branch
Creole language
Pidgin language
- 37. Multiple Choice
In which of the following countries are inhabitants subject to Sharia law?
North Korea
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Venezuela
Ethiopia
- 38. Multiple Choice
Which of the following terms refers to a language that experienced near extinction but now has an increasing number of speakers, often due to a deliberate educational effort?
An Indo-European language
A revived language
A dead language
A regional dialect
A suppressed language
- 39. Multiple Choice
Papua New Guinea boasts one of the world’s highest rates of linguistic diversity, with more than 800 documented indigenous languages. This linguistic diversity has been preserved largely because of the country’s rugged geography, which includes mountains and islands that have tended to keep different speech communities isolated from one another. In the context of Papua New Guinea’s geography of language, mountains and islands represent what?
Barriers to diffusion
Language Paths
Critical distances
Intervening opportunities
Cultural innovations
- 40. Multiple Choice
The place or area where a cultural practice originates is known as a(n)
Frontier
Cosmos
Path
Edge
Hearth
- 41. Multiple Choice
Which of the following are the two largest languages families in the world, in terms of absolute numbers of speakers?
Amerindian & Malayo-Polynesian
Japanese-Korean & Niger-Congo
Sino-Tibetan & Indo-European
Afro-Asiatic & Austro-Asiatic
Uralic-Altaic & Australian
- 42. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the largest branch of Islam, to which as many as 80% of all Muslims belong to:
Dravidian
Meccan
Shia
Berber
Sunni
- 43. Multiple Choice
All of the following are examples of material culture in North America EXCEPT:
Amish horse carriages
Quebec cabins
Angled-rail or snake fences
Mound houses
Bluegrass gospel songs
- 44. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a sacred place in the Hindu religion?
The Himalayas
Dead Sea
Ganges River
Medina
Tierra del Fuego
- 45. Multiple Choice
The Alhambra, a UNESCO World Heritage site located in southern Spain, is an elaborate palace that exhibits a blend of Islamic and Christian architectural influences. It was originally built by Muslim Moors in the 14th century, and then later renovated by Catholic monarchs in the 16th century, following the reconquest of Spain. These cumulative influences evident throughout its landscape illustrate the concept of:
Transhumance
Distance decay
Sequent occupance
Stimulus diffusion
Environmental determinism
- 46. Multiple Choice
The term caste refers to a particular system of social stratification that is informed by which of the following religions?
Buddhism
Hinduism
Taoism
Islam
Confucianism
- 47. Multiple Choice
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
Buddhism
- 48. Multiple Choice
Which is an example of sequent occupance?
The forced movement of Native Americans from their homelands to reservations
The Diaspora of the Jews after being banished from their homeland by the Romans
the decision by Amish immigrants to settle in rural areas rather than in urban enclaves
an ethnic group that is completely surrounded by another ethnic group
the shift in a neighborhood population from Germans to Poles to Koreans
- 49. Multiple Choice
Some of the violence linked to religion in Israel and Palestine is also linked to
the immigration of Tibetan Buddhists into the area.
the ordination of women as leaders in some Protestant Christian denominations
the existence of Mecca and Medina.
a belief in the equitable sharing of resources regardless of religious affiliation.
ethnic groups, resources, and disputes over the control of land.
- 50. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is not a universalizing religion?
Buddhism
Sikhism
Islam
Judaism
Christianity
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