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- 1. Multiple Choice
The flow lines on the map above most likely represent the movement of
tourists
refugees
guest workers
illegal drugs
petroleum
- 2. Multiple Choice
All of the following are examples of the spatial analysis tradition in geography EXCEPT the
number of space shuttles constructed
volume of telephone calls between Corey Union and Old Main
trans-Atlantic slave trade
distance associated with shopping trips to area malls
volume of air traffic between London and Hong Kong
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following concepts could best be explained by the theory of possibilism?
Regional differences between the internal structures of cities
Changes in population growth rates over time
Limitations on agricultural crops based on climate
Political patterns seen in election maps
Modification of landscapes by human cultures
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following are the best examples of vernacular regions?
The Canadian Maritimes and the Northwest Territory
The American West and the American Midwest
South Africa and Australia
South America and the Caribbean
Scandinavia and the Iberian Peninsula
- 5. Multiple Choice
An international company is looking to expand its network of factories, which use labor-intensive production methods, in a region of the world experiencing significant growth in the working-age population. Based on the data in the table, which of the following regions should the company choose?
North America, which will have faster working-age growth in 2015 to 2030 than in 2000 to 2015
Asia, which will have a faster working-age growth rate in 2015 to 2030 than in 2000 to 2015
Latin America, which had the fastest working-age growth rate among world regions from 2000 to 2015
Asia, which will have the fastest working-age growth rate among world regions from 2015 to 2030
Sub-Saharan Africa, which will have the fastest working-age growth rate among world regions from 2015 to 2030
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of the following sets of maps would help explain how scale of inquiry affects truth?
Maps showing the area of France before and after surveying
Maps of Hudson Bay drawn by Native Americans and by the earliest European travelers
Maps showing Michigan's population density by counties and the United States population density by state
Maps showing the number of auto thefts per block in Seattle in the decades before and
after the Depression
Maps of gang graffiti in Philadelphia
- 7. Multiple Choice
Twenty-four specific objects transmit complex radio codes, including time signals traveling at the speed of light. You can contact at least 4 of the 24 objects at any time of day or night.
The technology described above allows the determination of which of the following?
The amount of detail that can be shown on a topographic map
Absolute location on the surface of Earth
The number of layers that can be accommodated in a geographic information system
Distances from radio transmission towers and subsidiary satellite dishes
The weather forecast for any area
- 8. Multiple Choice
The "why of where" refers to
geography's emphasis on landscape features
spatial patterns on the landscape
a definition of geography that is simply locational
the idea that the explanation of a spatial pattern is crucial
the depiction of a region's physical features
- 9. Multiple Choice
The satellite images show changes to a portion of the Louisiana coast between 1984 and 2017. The table shows the changes in land acreage. Which of the following best describes the changes and a consequence of the changes?
The expansion of coastal cities, which results in increased acreage of urban land cover
A decrease in the acreage of coastal land, which affects the prices of local property
An increase in the acreage of coastal land, which will be added to navigational charts for shipping
The rise of sea levels, which results in decreased land acreage available for homes and businesses
An increase in land acreage caused by the construction of polders for land reclamation
- 10. Multiple Choice
The shaded areas on the map above most likely indicate regions that are affected or threatened by which of the following?
Depopulation
Deforestation
Desertification
Deindustrialization
Devolution
- 11. Multiple Choice
A political polling company wants to use census data to collect information on voters in a city by neighborhood. Based on the types of information collected in the survey form, which of the following could be mapped using census data?
The number of voting-age residents per household
The political party affiliation of the average resident
How residents voted in the last election
How voters might vote in the next national election
How voters stand on current issues
- 12. Multiple Choice
The sex ratio represented in the age-sex graph above for Country X is most likely the result of
high infant mortality
undercounting of females
an epidemic with high mortality
a period of war
a large guest-worker population
- 13. Multiple Choice
All of the following twentieth-century migration streams were propelled by persecution or open conflict EXCEPT
Asians leaving Uganda
Kosovars leaving Yugoslavia
Tutsis leaving Rwanda
Hindus leaving Pakistan
Mexicans leaving Mexico
- 14. Multiple Choice
Assuming a world population of 5,700,000,000 and an annual growth rate of 1.6 percent, how many people will be added to the world's population in the next year?
912,000
9,120,000
91,200,000
912,000,000
9,120,000,000
- 15. Multiple Choice
Based on the data shown, which of the following describes the most likely population context for the countries listed?
High youth dependency ratio and a lack of economic resources to provide for large families
Rapid population growth in cities as people migrate from rural to urban areas for industrial jobs
Shortage of arable land on which to raise crops and other food products to support the population
Unstable food supply due to a rapidly growing population
Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following countries is best described as being at Stage 3 of the demographic transition model?
China: birth rate = 13, death rate =7
Democratic Republic of the Congo: birth rate = 44, death rate = 10
Bolivia: birth rate = 24 , death rate = 7
Ivory Coast: birth rate = 37, death rate = 13
Hungary: birth rate = 10, death rate = 13
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of the following country demographics would be used to explain the need for the pronatalist policies shown?
A country with a birth rate of 11, a death rate of 13, and a rate of natural increase of -0.2, passes a law that requires paid maternity leave.
A country with a birth rate of 16, a death rate of 4, and a rate of natural increase of 1.2, legislates tax credits for working parents
A country with a birth rate of 12, a death rate of 10, and a rate of natural increase of 0.2, establishes long maternity leave periods from work
A country with a birth rate of 12, a death rate of 10, and a rate of natural increase of 0.2, requires full-day kindergarten.
A country with a birth rate of 20, a death rate of 10, and a rate of natural increase of 1.0, provides state-subsidized day care centers.
- 18. Multiple Choice
The low birth and death rates for a country in stage 4 of the demographic transition model are best explained by
the rural population and agricultural livelihood of a less developed country.
the level of education and traditional roles for women in a less developed country
the resource-based economy and life expectancy of a less developed country
the level of urbanization and technological advancement of a more developed country
the environmental pollution and manufacturing infrastructure of a more developed country
- 19. Multiple Choice
Even though total fertility rates have been declining in some less-developed countries, the total population has continued to grow. This is primarily because a high percentage of the population is
female
male
over the age of 15
under the age of 15
receiving adequate medical care
- 20. Multiple Choice
In recent decades, all of the following have played a major role in the rapid growth of Sun Belt cities of the United States EXCEPT
immigration from Latin America
high levels of per capita federal spending in the South and West
cheap land and labor
climatic changes leading to colder northern winters
the increasing demand for retirement and resort centers
- 21. Multiple Choice
In the early twenty-first century, the largest number of refugees is located on which of the following continents?
Africa
Australia
Europe
North America
South America
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which term best describes the majority of voluntary migrants from South Asia to the Persian Gulf countries of Bahrain, Qatar, and Kuwait during the 1990s and 2000s?
Guest workers
Refugees
Rural-to-urban migrants
Internally displaced persons
Asylum seekers
- 23. Multiple Choice
The early United States population was predominantly Protestant. In the nineteenth century, urban populations became increasingly Roman Catholic, especially in the cities of the Northeastern United States. This shift in the pattern of religion was caused by
internal rural-to-urban migration from farming areas of the eastern United States
transnational migration from Ireland, southern Germany, and Italy
transnational migration from Latin America and the Caribbean
religious conversion of urban residents
out-migration of Protestants to rural farming areas of the Midwestern United States
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best identifies the data for the Eastern Great Rift Valley, shown on the map?
High arithmetic density
Low arithmetic density
Low carrying capacity
High total fertility rate
Low total fertility rate
- 25. Multiple Choice
Which scenario best explains the process of assimilation?
A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood.
Despite the large number of historic churches in France, many French identify as nonreligious and believe that religion is a private matter.
The island of Mauritius has large populations of Christians, Hindus, and Muslims. The constitution of Mauritius prohibits discrimination and protects freedom of religion.
The American government educated Native American children in American-style boarding schools. All of the children were taught English, and girls were taught how to be homemakers.
Hinduism diffused from India to Bali, where it blended with traditional Balinese beliefs to create a form of Hinduism unique to Bali.
- 26. Multiple Choice
At some point in their recent history, all of the following countries became divided into two political entities as a result of cultural or ideological conflict EXCEPT
Korea
Vietnam
Germany
Ireland
Japan
- 27. Multiple Choice
The state of California, often considered a hearth of environmental laws, will be the first state to ban plastic straws. Which of the following statements best describes the likely spread of this environmental practice?
This practice will likely spread via hierarchical diffusion when the president of the United States signs an executive order banning plastic straws in all states
This practice will likely spread via social media and stimulus diffusion when other states enact identical laws banning plastic straws.
As regional news organizations report on the ban, this practice will likely spread through contagious diffusion only to western states adjacent to California.
Strong lobbying by the plastics industry will likely curtail the diffusion of the ban, and this practice will be limited to California.
Similar environmental laws will likely spread through stimulus diffusion to other states via political activism.
- 28. Multiple Choice
Cities in India have a competitive advantage over cities in China as locations for international consumer services, such as call centers and bill processing. This advantage has its origins in which of the following?
Low levels of primary-level education in China
The Indian government’s status as a neutral state in global political affairs
The English language legacy of British colonialism in India
Large amounts of mineral resources found in China used to manufacture goods for export
Chinese emigration to Southeast Asia in the 1800s and 1900s
- 29. Multiple Choice
Identify which of the following concepts or processes is symbolized by the pagoda in the image.
Acculturation
Material culture
Assimilation
Cultural trait
Syncretism
- 30. Multiple Choice
Cultural landscape can be defined as
the types of art, music, dance, and theater practiced in a particular region
the ways that people in differing cultures perceive the environment
the forms superimposed on the physical environment by the activities of humans
the diversity of distinctive cultures within a particular geographic area
a particular area within a geographic region dedicated to cultural activities
- 31. Multiple Choice
Which of the following geographic concepts can be identified using information evident in the image?
Cultural diffusion
Acculturation
Forced migration
Sequent occupance
Cultural relativism
- 32. Multiple Choice
Which of the following features is most useful for describing the cultural landscape shown in the image?
The ethnicity of the people in the image
The dragon that the people are holding
The French language on the banner hanging from the building
The density of the crowd
The clothing of the people participating in the parade
- 33. Multiple Choice
Cultural landscape is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Cultural ecology
Nonmaterial culture
Environmental determinism
Physical environment
Built environment
- 34. Multiple Choice
Identify the cultural trait that influences the architecture of the cultural landscape shown in the image.
Ethnicity
Language
Taboos
Religion
Gender
- 35. Multiple Choice
Based on the two images, which of the following statements best explains the geographic process that took place as Islam diffused from its hearth?
Islam is confined to the Middle East because it is an ethnic religion that appeals to only one group of people in one region.
The diffusion of Islam has resulted in a cultural landscape in China that has been radically altered to reflect Islamic architecture.
Islam diffused hierarchically to the west through conquest and to the east through relocation via missionaries along trade routes.
The diffusion of Islam has had a minimal impact on regions to the west and east of its hearth in the Middle East.
The universalizing nature of Islam has allowed it to become worldwide in scope and the dominant religion in North America and Europe.
- 36. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best exemplifies the diffusion of popular culture throughout the world in contemporary society?
The increasing popularity of a fashion trend that originates in a large city, such as New York, and spreads to small rural towns
The spread of an Internet meme via social media applications
The spread of a religion through the migration of adherents of the religion
The increasing popularity of a new band that spends a year touring cities around the world
The spread of new slang that becomes widely used in government-funded schools
- 37. Multiple Choice
The photograph shows a road sign in the Republic of Ireland. Which of the following best describes the sign's significance within the cultural landscape?
The sign indicates that County Cork is a linguistic region of the Republic of Ireland.
The sign delineates an international political border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
The sign promotes the use of a single language in the region.
The sign promotes the use of traditional language among citizens of the Republic of Ireland.
The sign represents a uniform cultural identity within the region.
- 38. Multiple Choice
The sign shown in the image includes an Internet address for the county government. Explain how the sign illustrates the cultural tensions between traditional languages and English.
The Internet spreads the use of English as a global lingua franca, but the Internet is also a place where traditional languages can be communicated and thrive
English is used for business and commerce on the Internet, while traditional languages such as Gaelic can only be heard in poems and music recordings but not written on the Internet
The Internet is produced only in English; as a result, many traditional languages disappear due to the dominance of English-language communication.
Many countries ban the use of English-language Internet sites in an effort to resist the forces of globalization and protect their traditional languages.
English is being used less outside of the United Kingdom. Speaking a traditional language as a first language has become the norm in former British colonies.
- 39. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best explains how the English language diffused to the location shown in the image?
This location is the hearth of the English language, and English is the area's traditional language.
English was the standard language of the Catholic Church and diffused to this location through religious practices
English was voluntarily adopted in this location as a useful lingua franca.
English came to this location recently via imported popular culture such as movies and music.
The English language was imposed on this location through a process of economic and political domination.
- 40. Multiple Choice
If four languages have similar words for numbers and the names of fish, but different names for a certain disease, what might be concluded about the time at which the disease first diffused?
The disease spread among a population that later divided and evolved into four different languages.
The population divided and evolved into the four different languages, and then the disease spread.
The disease spread to two different populations that later divided into two different languages.
The disease and language spread to four different regions at the same time at the same rate.
There can be no conclusions drawn about the initial diffusion of the disease based on language.
- 41. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best explains the Internet’s homogenizing effect on global language patterns?
The English language is widely used on the Internet.
Social media applications commonly support dozens of different languages.
Many governments censor citizens’ Internet access.
An increasing number of Internet users communicate exclusively through emojis.
The Internet accelerates communication so that people from different cultures can interact quickly and easily
- 42. Multiple Choice
How does the map illustrate global diffusion of the French language from its cultural hearth in Paris?
The map shows how French-language movies, music, and literature dominate global entertainment media.
The map shows how France was an ancient-culture hearth from which the French language spread through expansion diffusion
The map shows how in many areas of the former French empire the language persists despite the independence of former colonies.
The map shows how French civil servants established schools in many parts of the French colonial empire.
The map shows how people’s love of French food has facilitated the spread of the French language to many parts of the world.
- 43. Multiple Choice
Which of the following language-location pairs best exemplifies the process of relocation diffusion of language in the twentieth century?
English in India
Mandarin in China
French in Canada
Hmong in the United States
Russian in Brazil
- 44. Multiple Choice
Swahili in East Africa and English in global commerce are examples of
pidgin languages
lingua franca
standard language
creole language
official language
- 45. Multiple Choice
In the late nineteenth century, a large proportion of Swedish immigrants that came to the United States settled in rural areas of Minnesota. Descendants of these communities remain in Minnesota today, as shown on the map. Which of the following best describes the pattern of Swedish-American ethnicity within Minnesota’s cultural landscape?
A diffused pattern of Swedish ethnicity evenly distributed across the state
A clustered pattern of Swedish ethnicity
A Swedish ethnic majority in the northern half of the state
A Swedish ethnic majority throughout the state
A single remnant area with a high percentage of Swedish ethnicity
- 46. Multiple Choice
The alignment of ancient Chinese cities toward the cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) best illustrates the importance of which of the following factors in the shaping of these early cities?
Belief systems
Topography
Economics
Gender
Technology
- 47. Multiple Choice
The diffusion pattern of Walmart stores, which have spread from small towns to large cities throughout the United States, is an example of
relocation diffusion
contagious diffusion
stimulus diffusion
distance decay
reverse hierarchical diffusion
- 48. Multiple Choice
The Indo-European language family includes the major languages of Europe and those dominant in all the following regions EXCEPT
Russia
Northern India
Iran
Eastern and Southern Australia
Central Asia
- 49. Multiple Choice
The spread of specialty coffee shops across the United States in the 1990s is an example of
hierarchical diffusion
contagious diffusion
stimulus diffusion
periodic movement
relocation diffusion
- 50. Multiple Choice
The term “cultural diffusion” refers to the
modification of Earth’s surface by human actions
integration of behavioral traits within a group
spread of an idea or innovation from its source
relationship between human cultures and their physical environment
assimilation of a minority culture into the host society
- 51. Multiple Choice
The world’s three major monotheistic religions originated in which of the following regions?
East Asia
Southwest Asia
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Africa
- 52. Multiple Choice
Toponyms in southern California reflect which of the following?
Cultural heritage of the settlers
Importance of time-space convergence
Growing influence of globalization
Significance of locational theory
Role of popular culture in American society
- 53. Multiple Choice
Which of the following areas has the greatest linguistic fragmentation?
Korea
Scandinavia
Caucasus
Argentina
Quebec
- 54. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best defines Carl Sauer’s concept of cultural landscape?
It is the way people landscape their yards in different parts of the world.
It is the way houses of worship are built.
It is the outcome of interactions between humans and their natural environment.
It is a shared set of meanings and symbolic practices.
It is the human adaptation to Earth’s physical environment.
- 55. Multiple Choice
Which of the following correctly lists the four major ancient culture hearths?
Central Asia, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Mesopotamia
Central Asia, India, Nile Valley, Southern Europe
Egypt, Mekong Valley, Middle East, Western Africa
Ethiopia, Ghana, Machu Picchu, Mongolia
Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, Nile Valley, North China
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