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- 1. Multiple Choice
A researcher designs an experiment to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the function of an enzyme. For each trial included in the experiment, the researcher will add the enzyme and its substrate to an aqueous buffer solution and then measure the amount of product formed over 20 minutes. Which of the following must remain the same for all trials of this experiment?
The initial concentration of the substrate
The final concentration of the product
The three-dimensional structure of the enzyme
The temperature of the aqueous buffer solution
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements best helps explain the reaction specificity of an enzyme?
The free energy of the reactants is greater than the free energy of the products.
The equilibrium constant of the reaction is much greater than 1.
The shape and charge of the substrates are compatible with the active site of the enzyme.
The concentration of the enzyme inside living cells is greater than the concentration of substrate.
- 3. Multiple Choice
The most likely explanation for the results shown in this graph is that...
pH affects the shape of the active site of the enzyme
pH affects the temperature of the reaction
the enzyme has a quaternary structure
the enzyme has disulfide bonds
pH affects the primary structure of the enzyme
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following questions can best be answered by the diagram?
Does the addition of an enzyme reduce the activation energy required for a reaction?
Does the addition of an enzyme result in the formation of covalent bonds?
Does the addition of an enzyme produce a greater amount of products?
Does the addition of an enzyme change the pathway for the reaction?
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which of the following can be used to determine the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
Rate of disappearance of the substrate
Rate of disappearance of the product
Change in volume of the solution
Increase in activation energy
Rate of disappearance of the enzyme
- 6. Multiple Choice
According to the chemiosmotic theory (chemiosmotic coupling), the energy required to move protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space against a concentration gradient comes most directly from...
photons of red or blue light
the hydrolysis of ATP
the breakdown of high-energy fatty acids in the mitochondrial matrix
electrons flowing along the electron transport chain
substrate-level phosphorylation
- 7. Multiple Choice
During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of
potassium against a concentration gradient
protons down a concentration gradient
electrons against a concentration gradient
electrons through a channel
sodium ions into the cell
- 8. Multiple Choice
Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is
necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation
necessary to replenish glycogen levels
necessary for fermentation to take place
required by all living organisms
required to break down the ethanol that is produced in muscles
- 9. Multiple Choice
The reactions of glycolysis occur in the
cytosol
nucleus
matrix of the mitochondrion
membranes of the mitochondrion
stroma of the chloroplast
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes a metabolic consequence of a shortage of oxygen in muscle
cells?
An increase in blood pH due to the accumulation of lactic acid
No ATP production due to the absence of substrate-level phosphorylation
A buildup of lactic acid in the muscle tissue due to fermentation
A decrease in the oxidation of fatty acids due to a shortage of ATP
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation?
Production of a proton gradient
Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
- 12. Multiple Choice
A researcher claims that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels cause increased growth rates in plants. Which of the following statements best supports the researcher’s claim?
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is produced by the burning of fossil fuels, which are formed from the remains of living organisms such as plants.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration, which is a metabolic process that occurs in plants and other living organisms.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide typically enters plant leaves through stomata, which plants rely on for regulating gas exchange with the atmosphere.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which plants rely on for producing sugars and other organic compounds.
- 13. Multiple Choice
The energy required to run the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis comes from which two substances produced during the light-dependent reactions?
ADP and PO4
H+ and PO2
O2 and CO2
H2O and CO2
ATP and NADPH
- 14. Multiple Choice
The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from
H2O
NADPH
RuBP (RuDP)
C6H12O6
CO2
- 15. Multiple Choice
A type of anaerobic respiration that’s purpose is to replenish NAD+ so that glycolysis can be continued. Produces either alcohol or lactic acid as a by product is...
Fermentation
Calvin Cycle
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
- 16. Multiple Choice
... uses an Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis to create the majority of the ATP gained from cellular respiration.
Fermentation
Calvin Cycle
Electron transport chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle
- 17. Multiple Choice
The process that uses ATP and NADPH to power the fixation of carbon into sugars.
Light Reactions
Calvin Cycle
Granum
Krebs Cycle
Electron transport chain
- 18. Multiple Choice
______ is Found in both photosynthesis and respiration- Uses energy from electrons to pump H+ across a membrane.
Fermentation
Calvin Cycle
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
- 19. Multiple Choice
______ uses light energy to excite electrons in photosystem I and II, split water, and create ATP and NADPH.
Fermentation
Calvin Cycle
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis
Light Reactions
- 20. Multiple Choice
_______ finishes breaking down Acetyl CoA to create ATP and NADH.
Fermentation
Link Reaction
Oxidative Phosphorolation
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
- 21. Multiple Choice
ATP synthase will not function without:
Electron Gradient
Proton Gradient
Phospholipid Bilayer
Active Transport
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which of the following describe the function of a double membrane system in mitochondria?
The outer membrane allows the transport of all molecules into the intermembrane space, while the inner membrane serves as the regulatory boundary.
The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix.
The outer membrane contains transport proteins that establish a sodium ion concentration gradient used for ATP production, while the inner membrane contains transport proteins that establish a hydrogen ion concentration gradient used for glucose production.
The toxins and wastes entering the cell cross the outer membrane and are detoxified by digestive enzymes stored within the intermembrane space.
- 23. Multiple Choice
ADP phosphorylation is an _____ reaction.
Exergonic
Endergonic
- 24. Multiple Choice
ATP hydrolysis is a _____ reaction.
Exergonic
Endergonic
- 25. Multiple Choice
Exergonic means:
energy is consumed
energy is released
- 26. Multiple Choice
Endergonic means:
energy is consumed
energy is released
- 27. Multiple Choice
ATP is:
an energy storage compound.
the cell's principle compound for energy transfer.
adenosine triphosphate.
molecule cell's use to do chemical work.
- 28. Multiple Choice
Fermentation produces as much ATP as oxidative phosphorylation.
True
False
- 29. Multiple Choice
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Citric Acid
Acetyl CoA
Coenzyme A
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