This Amendment protects all Americans from the potential abuses of the legal system and guarantees the "due process of law."

This Amendment states that the "powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

This Amendment grants additional due process rights to persons accused of crimes. For example, it guarantees the right to a jury trial.

This Amendment forbids "cruel and unusual" punishment and prohibits excessive bail and fines.

This amendment prevents the government from quartering soldiers in a person's home without the consent of the homeowner.

This amendment guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases.

This is the power of a court to review a law or an official act of a government employee or agent for constitutionality or for the violation of basic principles of justice.

This is the name given to a written decision by Supreme Court Justices that, while they agree with the final outcome of the case, they do not agree with the reasoning behind the final outcome.

This is the name given to the written decision of a case authored by Justices of the Supreme Court that did not agree with the final decision.

This is the authority of a court to hear a case for the first time.

This is the authority of a court to hear or review a case after it has been decided at a lower court level.

This is a formal request to have a case heard or reviewed by an appellate court. This is the way most cases get to the Supreme Court.

This is the judicial philosophy of using the interpretive power of the courts to correct legal injustices.

This is the judicial philosophy of upholding all previously established laws unless there is a clear violation of the Constitution.