Which activity was most responsible for the spread of the Black Death to Europe?

What did knights trade in exchange for land?

Who was a Knight sworn to protect?

During the Middle Ages, who were the lowest-ranking members of the clergy?

What are the seven sacraments?

What present day country did the Holy Roman Empire cover?

What set of laws did the Church establish?

How was Emperor Henry IV punished after he defied the pope?

During the Middle Ages, what was a grant of land from a lord to a vassal called?

What was the act of taking away a person's right to membership in the Church?

Which Carolingian leader reunited Western Europe and was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III?

What system of government was based on the exchange of land for protection and services?

Which code were knights expected to follow?

What was the body of rules and regulations governing religious practices such as marriage?

What was a lord's estate called?

What was the name for a community of Christian men who gave up all private possessions to serve God?

Which leader halted the Muslim invasion of Western Europe at the Battle of Tours?

What style of architecture developed during the Middle Ages and used flying buttresses to achieve greater height and light?

Which pope issued the call for the First Crusade?

Which Crusade resulted in the capture of Jerusalem by the Christians?

King John was forced to sign a document known as ____________________, which restricted the monarch’s power and guaranteed certain basic political rights.

A series of wars launched by popes against the Muslims of Southwest Asia was called the ____________________.

The crisis known as the ____________________ may have been two diseases: bubonic plague and pneumonic plague.

Shipbuilding, sailing, and navigational skills allowed the ____________________ to cross the seas in search of targets to raid.

A Viking explorer named ____________________ led an expedition to North America.

Although they were not slaves, ____________________ were legally tied to the manor on which they worked and could not leave without permission.

The era of European history called the ____________________ began with the decline of the Roman Empire.

The land given to a knight for his service to a lord was called a ____________________.

Under the feudal system, a person who owed service to a lord was called a ____________________.

The arrangement between Charles the Simple of France and Viking leader Rollo, where Charles gave Rollo land in return for a pledge of loyalty from Rollo, is an example of ____________________.

During the Middle Ages, the ____________________ was the basic economic arrangement.

As well as the various obligations they had to the lord, peasant families also owed the Church a ____________________, or Church tax.

In the political chaos that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, the _____________ provided order and security for the people of Europe.

Clovis, king of the _____________, and many of his soldiers converted to Christianity after winning a difficult battle.

Charlemagne extended his empire by conquering much of Europe, and through these conquests, he spread _____________ throughout the continent.

Charlemagne thought education was important, and he had _____________ built throughout his empire.

Food production increased after about the year 800 when peasants adopted the _____________ system of farming.

The Black Death killed approximately _____________ of the population of Europe.