“The president may be convinced that a piece of legislation is unwise. But his judgment as to its un-wisdom is not a legal reason for his declining to execute it. (It may be a reason to veto it, and one of the objections to signing statements is that they are vetoes not subject to override.) And the president may have a definite view as to what the legislation means, and that view might include conclusions as to its constitutionality, but his is not the view that counts. He may be the commander in chief, but he is not the interpreter in chief.”

-Stanley Fish, "Who's Afraid of Presidential Signing Statements?" Source: New York Times

Which of the following statements best summarizes Fish’s argument?

Use the passage below to answer the following question.

“That unity is conducive to energy will not be disputed. Decision, activity, secrecy, and despatch will generally characterize the proceedings of one man in a much more eminent degree than the proceedings of any greater number; and in proportion as the number is increased, these qualities will be diminished . . .”

-Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 70, “The Executive Department Further Considered,” 1788

Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton’s argument?

"Anti-Third Term Principle," by Clifford K. Berryman, 1912. The cartoon depicts Theodore Roosevelt, left, and George Washington, right. Source: National Archives

Which of the following Constitutional Amendments is most relevant to the topic of the cartoon?

“In addition to educating the country, [President Barack Obama’s] goal is to frame the political debate and set an agenda that the next Democratic presidential nominee can run on next year—an agenda that Obama hopes will put opposition Republicans at a big disadvantage.

Obama has been getting lots of attention for bypassing the Republican-controlled Congress and using his unilateral powers, such as executive orders, to get his way. But his power to persuade is another vital weapon in the president's arsenal, since he can command media and public attention almost whenever he wants.”

-Kenneth T. Walsh, U.S. News & World Report, 2015

The strategy described in the passage above is an best example of which of the following?

Which of the following describes a difficulty the judicial branch faces in the policy implementation process?

“That inflexible and uniform adherence to the rights of the Constitution, and of individuals, which we perceive to be indispensable in the courts of justice, can certainly not be expected from judges who hold their offices by a temporary commission. Periodical appointments, however regulated, or by whomsoever made, would, in some way or other, be fatal to their necessary independence.”

-Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 78, “The Judiciary Department,” 1788

Which of the following government policies would the author most likely support