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- 1. Multiple Choice
The ideas in the Declaration of Independence were influenced by which theory from the Enlightenment thinker John Locke?
the social contract
religious toleration
checks and balances
the separation of powers
- 2. Multiple Choice
How were the works of many scientists and philosophers of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment era similar?
received support from the Catholic Church
examined natural laws governing the universe
built upon the ideas of the medieval thinkers
supported the government's theory on Divine Right
- 3. Multiple Choice
How has the Scientific Revolution impacted Science today?
Scientific theories are proved by history.
Scientific theories are based on reason and evidence.
Scientific theories are limited by the beliefs of the Catholic Church.
Scientific theories are limited by the Absolute Monarch.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which sequence of events is listed in the correct chronological order?
French Revolution-->Enlightenment-->Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution-->Enlightenment-->Renaissance
Scientific Revolution-->Enlightenment-->American Revolution
American Revolution-->Enlightenment-->French Revolution
- 5. Multiple Choice
Use the list below to answer the question.
• Invention of the printing press
• Influence of religious authorities in political and social institutions
• Discovery of new species through exploration of the New World
Which event was a result of these developments?
the advent of the Scientific Revolution
the development of the Industrial Revolution
the coming of the Age of Discovery
the development of trade along the Silk Road
- 6. Multiple Choice
How did the work of Johannes Kepler influence the Scientific Revolution?
Kepler invented the telescope.
Kepler proved that the world was round.
Kepler explained that planets travel in orbits around the Sun.
Kepler discovered that an object in motion tends to stay in motion.
- 7. Multiple Choice
The influence of the Scientific Revolution was reflected in which Enlightenment idea?
promoting the abolition of religion
justifying the rule of absolute monarchs
supporting traditional social differences
explaining the world through natural laws
- 8. Multiple Choice
What impact did the Scientific Revolution have on the Catholic Church?
The Catholic Church tripled in size and grew more powerful.
The Catholic Church took away all power from the Monarchs of Europe because it wanted to establish one Empire.
The Catholic Church became less powerful because evidence had proved many scientific theories of the Church false.
The Catholic Church gained more authority and burned all scientific findings discovered during the Revolution
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which statement BEST explains how the Scientific Revolution led to the growth of democratic ideas?
The Scientific Revolution encouraged people to challenge the views of traditional authorities.
The Scientific Revolution was based on the political ideas of thinkers from ancient Athens.
Majority rule was the method used to decide which scientific theories were true.
Scientists organized into political parties to have their theories made into laws.
- 10. Multiple Choice
Use the information from the list to answer the question.
Ideas of the Scientific Revolution
• The natural world is defined by order and regularity.
• Natural laws determine how the world operates.
• Human reason and logic can be used to understand natural laws.
Enlightenment thinkers believed that these ideas could help people do which of the following?
decide which religion was the best
improve human society and government
increase the power of absolute monarchs
prevent the expression of unpopular views
- 11. Multiple Choice
In the 1600s, which of the following scientists proposed laws of gravity that helped to launch the Scientific Revolution?
Isaac Newton
Francis Bacon
Thomas Aquinas
Leonardo da Vinci
- 12. Multiple Choice
Why did the Catholic Church punish Galileo for his scientific discoveries about planetary motion and the position of Earth in the solar system?
Galileo was punished because the Heliocentric Theory went against traditional Church beliefs.
Galileo was punished because he created the Geocentric Theory.
Galileo was punished because he supported Ptolemy’s theory about the Universe.
Galileo was not punished by the Catholic Church for his scientific discoveries about planetary motion.
- 13. Multiple Choice
Use the list below to answer the question.
•Francis Bacon
•Robert Boyle
•Nicolaus Copernicus
•Sir Isaac Newton
•Galileo Galilei
What was the MAIN contribution of this group of people?
the formalization of philosophical discourse
the development of the scientific method
the creation of mapping technology
the discovery of nearby planets
- 14. Multiple Choice
“The sun is at the middle of the solar system and all planets and stars rotate around it.”
Based on this statement, which theory is best summarized?
Almagest Theory
Scientific Method
Heliocentric Theory
Geocentric Theory
- 15. Multiple Choice
Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau challenged the idea of the divine right of kings. They wrote about a government’s obligations to uphold people’s rights and how the government should be based on the consent of the governed.
What did these new ideas encourage people to do?
Remain firm in their support of absolute monarchs
Remain firm in their support of absolute monarchs
Engage in revolutions to establish democratic governments
Call for church leaders to create theocracies and replace the monarchies.
- 16. Multiple Choice
What is the term used to describe the willingness of people to hand over their rights to a ruler in exchange for law and order in society?
Enlightenment Agreement
Social Contract
U.S. Constitution
Method of Government
- 17. Multiple Choice
What was a primary focus of the Enlightenment philosophers?
increasing faith by examining religious texts
achieving wisdom through experiences with nature
seeking progress through the expansion of human knowledge
pursuing spiritual experiences through the revival of religious tradition
- 18. Multiple Choice
If man in the state of nature is free, and lord of his own possessions, why will he give up his freedom? The answer is that right in the state of nature are constantly exposed to attack by others. Hence each man joins in society to preserve his life, liberty, and property. Whenever the ruler endeavors to take away the property of the people, or reduce them to slavery… they are removed from any further obedience and left to… rise up with force and violence.”
- John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government (1690)
John Locke’s main Enlightenment idea in the passage was what?
Separation of Church and State
All men should have the right to vote
Men and women are inherently unequal
Governments should protect rights
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which Enlightenment thinker focused on individual freedom and believed that civilization corrupted people?
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Thomas Hobbes
Baron de Montesquieu
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which Enlightenment theorist argued that the state needed absolute power to control citizens?
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 21. Multiple Choice
According to the Enlightenment philosophe Voltaire, people could BEST understand the world by relying on what source?
human reason
religious faith
royal commands
traditional customs
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which principle would the Enlightenment thinker Voltaire MOST likely support?
papal authority
freedom of speech
absolute monarchy
traditional class privileges
- 23. Multiple Choice
The Enlightenment philosopher John Locke stated that people have the natural rights of life and property. What other natural right did he claim that people have?
education
employment
housing
liberty
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which Enlightenment thinker directly influenced Thomas Jefferson’s ideas about “right to revolution”?
Baron de Montesquieu
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 25. Multiple Choice
This Enlightenment thinker wrote many essays, fictional works, and plays criticizing absolute monarchy, religious intolerance, and social inequality. He spent time in prison and lived in exile for much of his life. His ideas influenced leaders of the American and French revolutions. Who was he?
Galileo
Voltaire
Thomas Hobbes
Niccolò Machiavelli
- 26. Multiple Choice
Baron de Montesquieu believed that the power of the government should be divided among the people into 3 different branches of government. Which phrase best describes this belief?
Separation of powers
Job specialization
Participation in government
Enlightenment power distribution
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which Enlightenment thinker believed that the people have the right to overthrow a tyrannical government?
Thomas Hobbes
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
John Locke
- 28. Multiple Choice
The Baron de Montesquieu was an Enlightenment thinker who argued that a just government had its powers separated into three different branches. What made this structure of government appealing to supporters of democratic ideas?
It provided efficiency during times of crisis.
It limited the number of people involved in government.
It kept any one part of government from having too much power.
It prevented debates about the positive and negative aspects of laws.
- 29. Multiple Choice
Use the information from the title of the list to answer the question.
___________________Ideas and American Democracy
• Government is a social contract based on consent of the governed.
• People have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
• The powers of a just government are separated into different branches.
Which word BEST completes the title of the list?
Christian
Enlightenment
Reformation
Roman
- 30. Multiple Choice
The Enlightenment philosophe Voltaire admired the religious toleration he observed as part of which country’s society?
England
France
Russia
Spain
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