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- 1. Multiple Choice
As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. This process best illustrates
sensation
top-down processing
perception
selective attention
psychophysics
- 2. Multiple Choice
The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called
sensory adaptation
parallel processing
sensation
perception
accommodation
- 3. Multiple Choice
Sensation is to _____ as perception is to ______
encoding; detection
detection; interpretation
interpretation; organization
organization; accommodation
threshold; transduction
- 4. Multiple Choice
Patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of
transduction
accommodation
sensory adaptation
difference thresholds
top-down processing
- 5. Multiple Choice
The effect of prior experience and current expectations on perception best illustrates the importance of
accommodation
transduction
sensory thresholds
top-down processing
sensation
- 6. Multiple Choice
Trying to see a hidden representational imagine in a place of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process?
selective attention
interposition
perceptual adaptation
bottom-up processing
retinal disparity
- 7. Multiple Choice
You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates
subliminal perception
change blindess
fovea
selective attention
the visual cliff
- 8. Multiple Choice
The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called
gestalt
change blindness
frequency
the cocktail party effect
sensory interaction
- 9. Multiple Choice
In University of Utah driving-simulation experiments, students conversing on cell phones were slower to detect and respond to traffic signals. This best illustrates
retinal disparity
the phi phenomenon
gate-control theory
place theory
selective attention
- 10. Multiple Choice
Researchers found that 40 percent of people focused on repeating a list of challenging words failed to notice a change in the person speaking. This best illustrates
feature detectors
the blind spot
the difference threshold
priming
change blindness
- 11. Multiple Choice
Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that a store employee was being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered
place theory
inattentional blindness
sensory interaction
blind spot
feature detectors
- 12. Multiple Choice
The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called
priming
sensory adaptation
transduction
parallel processing
sensory interaction
- 13. Multiple Choice
The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the
adaptation threshold
difference threshold
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
change threshold
- 14. Multiple Choice
Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as
sensory accommodation
blindsight
sensory adaptation
transduction
equilibrium
- 15. Multiple Choice
A perceptual set is a
tendency to fill in gaps to perceive a complete, whole object
readiness to perceive an object in an unfairly negative fashion
tendency to view objects higher in our field of vision as closer
mental predisposition that influences what we perceive
conditioned response to a perceived event
- 16. Multiple Choice
In 1972, a British newspaper published pictures of a "Lochness Monster." Many people readily perceived photographs of a floating tree trunk as the partially submerged monster. This illustrates the powerful influence of
feature detectors
sensory adaptation
interposition
perceptual set
sensory interaction
- 17. Multiple Choice
When researchers added a few drops of vinegar to a brand-name beer, the beer tasters disliked it only if they had been told they were drinking vinegar-laced beer. This best illustrates the impact of
kinesthesis
interposition
perceptual set
the McGurk effect
feature detectors
- 18. Multiple Choice
Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry teacher several times a week, she didn't recognize the teacher when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of
monocular cues
context effects
proximity
linear perspective
perceptual adaptation
- 19. Multiple Choice
Light-wave amplitude determines the
intensity of colors
color hue we experience
firing of rods in the retina
curvature and thickness of the lens
parallel processing of a scene
- 20. Multiple Choice
Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to
accommodation
frequency
amplitude
hue
disparity
- 21. Multiple Choice
The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the
fovea
iris
cornea
pupil
blindspot
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?
accommodation of the lens
transduction of the blind spot
dilation of the pupil
sensory adaptation of feature detectors
focusing light effectively on the fovea
- 23. Multiple Choice
The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones, is the
fovea
optic nerve
cornea
retina
iris
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the correct order of structures light passes through in the yee?
lens, cornea, pupil, retina, iris
retina, lens, cornea, rods, cones
cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina
pupil, optic nerve, retina, lens, rods
pupil, cornea, retina, lens, optic nerve
- 25. Multiple Choice
The receptor cells that convert light energy into neural signals are called
bipolar cells
ganglion cells
rods and cones
feature detectors
opponent processors
- 26. Multiple Choice
Bipolar cells are located in the
optic nerve
retina
blind spot
lens
cochlea
- 27. Multiple Choice
The axons of ganglion cells converge to form
the basilar membrane
bipolar cells
the auditory nerve
the optic nerve
the olfactory epithelium
- 28. Multiple Choice
The most light-sensitive receptor cells are the
ganglion cells
cones
bipolar cells
rods
iris
- 29. Multiple Choice
Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?
rods
cones
bipolar cells
feature detectors
optic nerves
- 30. Multiple Choice
Rods are
more light-sensitive and more color-sensitive than cones
less light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than cones
more light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than cones
less-light sensitive and more color-sensitive than cones
more frequency sensitive and less amplitude sensitive
- 31. Multiple Choice
The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the
blind spot
pupil
visual cortex
cornea
lens
- 32. Multiple Choice
Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the _____ theory.
frequency
Young-Helmholtz
gate-control
opponent-process
signal detection
- 33. Multiple Choice
Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by
the opponent-process theory
the gate-control theory
place theory
the Young-Helmholtz theory
frequency theory
- 34. Multiple Choice
The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates
sensory interaction
kinesthesis
parallel processing
subliminal perception
blindsight
- 35. Multiple Choice
The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called
interposition
perceptual set
proximity
closure
disparity
- 36. Multiple Choice
The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called
retinal disparity
monocular cues
perceptual constancy
depth perception
sensory interaction
- 37. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance?
relative size
retinal disparity
relative motion
linear perspective
visual cliff
- 38. Multiple Choice
Depth perception that uses information transmitted to only one eye depends on
relative luminance
stroboscopic movement
lightness constancy
monocular cues
perceptual adaptation
- 39. Multiple Choice
Distant trees were located closer to the top of the artist's canvas than were the nearby flowers. The artist was clearly using the distance cue known as
linear perspective
light and shadow
relative height
relative size
interposition
- 40. Multiple Choice
Renny knew the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance of the distance cue known as
relative size
interposition
proximity
relative height
continuity
- 41. Multiple Choice
We compute motion based on the assumption that shrinking objects are
schemas
retreating
binocular cues
fixation points
transduced
- 42. Multiple Choice
The perceived size of an object is most strongly influenced by that object's perceived
shape
color
distance
motion
frequency
- 43. Multiple Choice
Relative luminance most clearly contributes to
the phi phenomenon
lightness constancy
the Moon illusion
psychophysics
the impact of the relative motion depth cue
- 44. Multiple Choice
Color constancy refers to the fact that
light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lighting
objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes
the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness
the frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light's wavelength
colors remain the same hue even when the tint changes under our difference threshold
- 45. Multiple Choice
Who emphasized that perceptual understanding comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experience?
Immanuel Kant
Aristotle
John Locke
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
- 46. Multiple Choice
John Locke would have suggested that a perceptual set results from
retinal disparity
psychokinesis
natural selection
prior experience
genetics
- 47. Multiple Choice
The pitch of a sound is determined by what?
the frequency of the sound wave
the amplitude of the sound wave
the loudness of the sound wave
the decibel level of the sound wave
the vestibular level of the sound wave
- 48. Multiple Choice
Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the
vestibular sacs
semicircular canals
inner ear
cochlea
middle ear
- 49. Multiple Choice
The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the
eustachian tube
auditory canal
semicircular canal
cochlea
vestibular apparatus
- 50. Multiple Choice
The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by
hair cells
the eardrum
the oval window
the auditory cortex
the vestibular apparatus
- 51. Multiple Choice
Which theory best explains how we perceive low-pitched sounds?
place theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
the Young-Helmholtz theory
gate-control theory
- 52. Multiple Choice
The volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of
temperature
color
brightness
pain
pitch
- 53. Multiple Choice
Frequency theory best explains ____, which place theory best explains ____
how we process red, green, and blue light; why we experience color afterimages
how we perceive low-pitched sounds; how we perceive high-pitched sounds
how touch sensations involve more than tactile stimulation; why stroking a pressure spot leads to the sensation of a tickle
how we are able to sense our body position without looking; how the vestibular sense functions
how phantom limb sensations occur; how stimulation of the larger fibers in the spinal cord stop pain
- 54. Multiple Choice
A time lag between left and right auditory stimulation is important for accurately
locating sounds
detecting pitch
recognizing rhythms
judging amplitude
determining frequency
- 55. Multiple Choice
Which of the following sensory receptors detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals?
bipolar
hair cells
nociceptors
ganglion
olfactory
- 56. Multiple Choice
Which theory suggests that large-fiber activity in the spinal cord can prevent pain signals from reaching the brain
signal detection theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
parallel processing
- 57. Multiple Choice
The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the
basilar membrane
semicircular canals
olfactory bulb
spinal cord
fovea
- 58. Multiple Choice
The brain's release of endorphins reduces
pain
tinnitus
prosopagnosia
retinal disparity
sensation
- 59. Multiple Choice
The sense of smell is known as
subliminal stimulation
the vestibular sense
transduction
olfaction
the gustatory sense
- 60. Multiple Choice
Taste and smell are both what kind of sense?
vestibular
kinesthetic
energy
chemical
perceptual
- 61. Multiple Choice
Receptor cells for kinesthesis are located in the
fovea
inner ear
joints, tendons, bones, and ear
olfactory epithelium
auditory cortex
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