The Federal Reserve increased its collection of income taxes.

The Federal Reserve tightened the money supply rather than relaxing it.

The Federal Reserve persuaded President Herbert Hoover to reduce government spending

The Federal Reserve increased the money supply and lowered its interest rates.

High tariffs stimulated international trade.

Only the wealthiest Americans had access to credit.

Mass production was not equally matched by consumption

Unemployment was higher than ever before in American history.

The prohibition of alcoholic drinks had led to a massive loss of jobs in many cities

The refusal of France and Britain to pay debts owed to the United States from the war had led to an economic collapse

President Herbert Hoover supplied money to soup kitchens to prevent widespread hunger

An earlier stock market crash had reduced the demand for goods, causing business failures and high unemployment

More farm workers were needed in Mexico to prevent dangerous food shortages

Unemployed farm workers demanded the jobs filled by Mexican-American immigrants

American voters feared that Mexican immigrants required too many social services

Mexican refugees no longer had to fear violence from the Mexican Revolution

the federal government had no right to interfere in businesses operating within a single state

these programs were interfering too much with interstate commerce

the federal government had failed to take steps to protect the rights of minorities

the federal government needed to take stronger action to protect the general welfare

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

By preventing fraudulent practices on the nation’s stock markets and enforcing federal securities laws

By providing retirement pensions, unemployment insurance and disability payments to workers

By preventing floods and generating hydroelectricity in the Tennessee Valley

By protecting money placed in American bank accounts up to $250,000

Social Security Administration (SSA)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

Public opinion turned against new federal programs because of increased taxes

People concluded that state governments were better at promoting economic growth

Americans came to expect the federal government to help solve their economic problems

Voters grew distrustful of the federal government because they felt it favored the wealthy

The programs affected economic activities within states rather than interstate commerce

The programs gave the President more power than Congress

The programs gave too much power to state governments

The programs provided government relief to citizens instead of relying on individual initiative

Roosevelt’s actions were threatening the constitutional separation of powers.

The executive branch should be provided with emergency powers during the Great Depression

The executive and legislative branches were allied against the judicial branch

Roosevelt preferred to receive advice from the Supreme Court rather than Congress