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- 1. Multiple Choice
Receiving a good grade for reading and responding to every two chapters of a novel is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed ratio
fixed interval
variable ratio
variable interval
- 2. Multiple Choice
An athlete signs a contract whereby her salary increases are renegotiated every three years. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed ratio
fixed interval
variable ratio
variable interval
- 3. Multiple Choice
Selling Girl Scout cookies door-to-door is reinforced on a _____ schedule.
fixed ratio
fixed interval
variable ratio
variable interval
- 4. Multiple Choice
Throwing the ball in hopes of getting a strike in bowling is reinforced on a _____ schedule.
fixed ratio
fixed interval
variable interval
variable ratio
- 5. Multiple Choice
Pop quizzes reinforce reading and studying on a _____ schedule.
fixed ratio
variable ratio
fixed interval
variable interval
- 6. Multiple Choice
The result of reinforcement is to
cause a behavior to stop
cause a behavior to diminish.
cause a behavior to continue.
strengthen the spontaneous recovery process.
cause a behavior to occur for only a limited amount of time.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes negative reinforcement?
Noah stops shooting bad free-throws because his coach benches him when he does.
Sebastian studies hard because it earns him "A" grades in math.
Deja used to walk to school but does not do so anymore because she was attacked by a dog in the neighborhood last month.
Mia smokes because her anxiety is reduced when she does so.
Darius wears his seatbelt because his driving teacher cited accident statistics in class.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely to be repeated is known as
law of effect
operant conditioning
shaping
respondent behavior
discrimination
- 9. Multiple Choice
All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except a
rat's food reward in a Skinner box
cold drink on a hot day
high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently
hug from a loved one
large meal following an extended time without food
- 10. Multiple Choice
A father is frustrated because his 3-year-old daughter has started to spit frequently. He has decided to temporarily put one of her toys away each time she spits. He is going to continue doing this until she has stopped spitting. His plan uses
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
- 11. Multiple Choice
Bradley is a distractible second-grade student who finds schoolwork boring. After a couple of minutes of working silently, Bradley often starts to misbehave until his teacher, Ms. Skinner, calls his name and scolds him. However, he enjoys this attention from her and continues to misbehave. With respect to Bradley's misbehavior, Ms. Skinner’s attention serves as
punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
primary reinforcement
differential reinforcement
- 12. Multiple Choice
In operant conditioning, we learn associations between
the behavior of others and our desire to imitate it.
reinforcements and punishments.
unrelated events.
our behavior and its consequences.
- 13. Multiple Choice
Superstitious behavior can be produced by
placing a CR before a CS
the accidental timing of rewards
possession of a large number of traditionally lucky items
cognitive awareness of the superstitious behavior in others
a change in reinforcement schedule from ratio to interval
- 14. Multiple Choice
When parents offer good-grade rewards to children who already enjoy studying, they may find that the children no longer enjoy studying and only enjoy the rewards. Which of the following have the parents accidentally removed from their children?
latent learning
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
insight learning
emotion-focused coping
- 15. Multiple Choice
When potty-training a toddler, a parent will often start by reinforcing behaviors that are successively closer to the end goal of peeing on the potty, e.g. recognizing the need to pee and just sitting on the potty. This approach is an example of
biofeedback
latent learning
shaping
cognitive mapping
- 16. Multiple ChoiceWhat is a reinforcer?Anything that decreases the frequency of a behaviorAnything that the subject likesAnything that the subject will work forAnything that follows a behavior and increases the frequency of a behavior
- 17. Multiple ChoiceWhat is punishment?Anything that the subject will work to avoidAny unpleasant stimulusAnything that the subject dislikesAnything that decreases the frequency of a behavior
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a primary reinforcer for humans?
Money
A book
The sound of a bell
Food
- 19. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following would be a secondary reinforcer for a rat?The opportunity to escape a shock by pressing a leverFoodWaterFreedom
- 20. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?Taking away dessert if a child doesn't finish his dinnerGiving a child money for doing his choresSpanking a child for walking into the streetTaking away privileges if a child doesn't finish his homework
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?Jerking a dog's collar when it pulls aheadRemoving collar pressure on a dog's neck when it walks next to youGiving a dog a treat when it walks next to youPraising a dog for walking next to you
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Not letting a misbehaving student go to recess
Giving a gold star to a student who does good work.
Taking away recess and giving study hall to a student who didn't finish his homework
Writing the name of a misbehaving student on the chalkboard
- 23. Multiple ChoiceEvery time your dog urinates on the carpet, you smack him with a rolled-up newspaper. You do this every day for two weeks, several times a day but the dog continues to urinate on the carpet. Are you punishing the dog?YesNo
- 24. Multiple Choice
Any event or situation that evokes a response is a
ACQUISITION
STIMULUS
REINFORCMENT
SHAPING
- 25. Multiple Choice
Playing video games after doing yard work all day.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 26. Multiple Choice
Getting a spanking for throwing toys at your brother.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 27. Multiple Choice
Receiving half credit for turning in a paper late.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 28. Multiple Choice
Cleaning your room to stop your father’s nagging.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 29. Multiple Choice
Helping a friend because it makes you feel good.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 30. Multiple Choice
Finn receives a spanking from his mom after he refuses to eat his vegetables during dinner.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 31. Multiple Choice
Getting your mouth washed out with soap for swearing.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 32. Multiple Choice
When Kyle spends too much time playing video games, his mom unplugs his X-box and takes the cord.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 33. Multiple Choice
Joe was hit with a baseball last week during practice and now refuses to play.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 34. Multiple Choice
The dog gets a treat for playing dead.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 35. Multiple Choice
James ignored his barking dog and he eventually stopped.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 36. Multiple Choice
Simone is grounded by her parents for getting bad grades.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
- 37. Multiple Choice
A hotel maid takes a 15-minute break after cleaning 10 rooms
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
- 38. Multiple Choice
Random drug testing; worker refrains from taking drugs not know when they will occur.
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
- 39. Multiple Choice
A charity makes 15 phone calls for every donation received.
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
- 40. Multiple Choice
Professional basketball player signs contract whereby are renegotiated every other season.
Fixed ratio
Fixed interval
Variable ratio
Variable interval
- 41. Multiple Choice
Watching & seeing shooting stars on a dark night.
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
- 42. Multiple Choice
Doing 20 pushups each day to stay in shape.
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
- 43. Multiple Choice
Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed-ratio
fixed-interval
variable-interval
variable-ratio
- 44. Multiple Choice
Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a ________ schedule.
fixed-interval
variable-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
- 45. Multiple Choice
An executive in a computer software firm works with his office door closed. At the same time every hour he opens the door to see what his employees are doing. The employees have learned to work especially hard during the five minutes before and while the door is open. Their work pattern is typical of responses that are reinforced on a ________ schedule.
fixed-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
variable-interval
- 46. Multiple Choice
You are expecting an important letter in the mail. As the regular delivery time approaches you glance more and more frequently out the window, searching for the letter carrier. Your behavior in this situation typifies that associated with which schedule of reinforcement?
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
fixed-interval
variable-interval
- 47. Multiple Choice
Gambling is reinforced according to which schedule?
fixed-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-interval
variable-ratio
- 48. Multiple Choice
The highest and most consistent rate of response is produced by a ________ schedule.
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
fixed-interval
variable-interval
- 49. Multiple Choice
Luana edits manuscripts for a publisher and is paid $25 for every three pages she edits. Luana is reinforced on a ________ schedule.
fixed-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-interval
variable-ratio
- 50. Multiple Choice
Watching the night sky for shooting stars is likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.
fixed-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-interval
variable-ratio
- 51. Multiple Choice
On the first day of class, Professor Wallace tells her geography students that she will administer an unknown number of pop quizzes throughout the semester.
fixed-interval
variable-interval
variable-ratio
fixed-ratio
- 52. Multiple Choice
Coffee shops that reward customers with one free cup of coffee after every ten coffee purchases are using a ________ reinforcement schedule.
fixed-interval
variable-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
- 53. Multiple ChoiceShaping isa pattern of responses that must be made before classical conditioning is completedrewarding behaviors that get closer and closer to the desired goal behaviorcompleting a set of behaviors in succession before a reward is giveninhibition of new learning by previous learning
- 54. Multiple Choice
Which form of learning would be studied in a Skinner box?classical conditioningoperant conditioningobservational learninglatent learning - 55. Multiple Choice
Which is an example of operant conditioning?
dogs salivating
a child earning a lollipop for exhibiting good behavior
observing someone and doing what they do
none of these
- 56. Multiple Choice
Which is an example of classical conditioning?
dogs salivating to the sound of a bell every day
playing with dogs
beating up a Bobo doll
reinforcing playing with dogs
- 57. Multiple Choice
Which is the initial stage of learning?
acquisition
extinction
spontaneous recovery
renewal effect
- 58. Multiple Choice
Generalization in operant conditioning is
liking everyone the same
Performing a reinforced behavior in a different situation than it was learned; I dance at parties for candy and in class for candy.
Salivating to a bell and nothing similar
Performing a reinforced behavior in only the situation it was learned; I only dance at home for candy and not in class.
- 59. Multiple Choice
Discrimination in operant conditioning is
not liking a certain group of people because of their characteristics.
Responding to any kind of candy reward when you are reinforced only for lollipops.
Responding to anything similar to the reward you originally associated with a learned behavior.
Responding only to a candy reward and no other food.
- 60. Multiple Choice
Extinction in operant conditioning is when a behavior's frequency reduces because it is no longer reinforced.
True
False
- Answer choicesTagsAnswer choicesTags