Decreasing temperature

Changing pH

Increasing substrate concentration

Increasing enzyme concentration

Oxygen

Glucose

NADPH

ATP

Uses ATP, NADPH and enzymes to fix CO₂ to 5-carbon sugars to produce glucose

Breaks down pyruvate to produce electron carrier molecules like NADH and FADH₂

Converts glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules and a small amount of ATP and NADH

Transfers the energy from photons through the ETC to create NADPH, oxygen and protons

a plant can use oxygen to produce glucose

a plant does not have access CO₂, so must use O₂ and ATP to create an energy molecule

a plant can use carbon dioxide to produce glucose

a plant does not have access to O₂, so must use CO₂ and ATP to create an energy molecule

Chemiosmosis

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Krebs Cycle

Glycolysis

Produce high amounts of ATP using a proton gradient

Move high energy electrons through series of proteins to eventually bind with O₂, creating water and protons

Break down pyruvate to produce electron carrier molecules, FADH₂ and NADH, as well as CO₂ and ATP as byproducts

Use ATP and NADPH to produce 6 carbon sugars

ETC and chemiosmosis

chemiosmosis and the Krebs Cycle

ATP Synthase and Glycolysis

Calvin Cycle and ETC

Moving high energy electrons through carrier molecules toward oxygen

The use of a proton gradient to power ATP Synthase and produce ATP

The breakdown of pyruvate into electron carrier molecules

The enzyme that combines ADP and inorganic phosphate to produce ATP

Glycolysis = cytoplasm

Krebs Cycle = mitochondrial matrix

Light reactions = thylakoid membrane

Calvin Cycle = inner mitochondrial membrane

the plant cell has limited oxygen

the animal cell has limited oxygen

there is no light available

the plant cell has limited CO₂

Oxygen is needed to power ATP Synthase

Oxygen donates an electron that moves through the ETC

Oxygen is the last electron acceptor that pulls electrons through the ETC

Oxygen combines with ADP to produce ATP

It stores energy that can be used later

It releases energy for cells to do work

ADP is smaller and can be stored in cells easily

It releases the least amount of energy, making it most efficient.

Only respiration produces ATP

Photosynthesis breaks down water to move electrons through the ETC

The ETC in photosynthesis occurs during the light reactions

NADH provides the electrons for respiration that are pulled through the ETC by oxygen.

NADPH

NADH

FADH2

NADP+