12 questions
What is transformation?
The use of viruses to transform or genetically engineer cells.
The measure of how well cells are transformed in a new phenotype.
The insertion of a plasmid with a foreign gene into a bacterial cell which results in new acquired traits.
Genetic engineering or transformation of mammalian cells.
When fragments of DNA are connected from different sources, this creates:
A plasmid
A clone
Recombinant DNA
Fragmented DNA
Bacterial DNA that is often circular or in the shape of a ring is called a:
Clone
Plasmid
Fragment
Recombinant DNA
Crops are often genetically engineered for improved traits. Such crops and organisms are called:
Genetically modified organisms
Clones
Transformed
Nutritionally improved
DNA can be cut with
ligase
helicase
restriction enzymes
DNA scissors
Cells are made competent (ready to be transformed) by
The incubation of the bacteria at 95C
A process that uses calcium chloride.
A process that uses GFP
A process that uses polymerases
Heat shock
Trap the plasmids inside the cell.
Creates a temperature gradient, that allows the plasmid to move from into the bacteria through the enlarged pores of the cell membrane.
Provides for the death of the cell.
Increases the disintegration of the cell wall.
What is the purpose of the recovery period after heat shock during bacterial transformation?
allows the bacteria to repair its membrane
allows the bacteria to take up the plasmid DNA
lets the bacteria get used to the temperature at which it will grow
lets the bacteria start to produce the product of the antibiotic resistance gene
A cell becomes competent when this happens:
The formed plasmid is inserted into the cell.
The gene of interest is turned on.
Super coiled molecules are formed in the plasmid of the cell.
There's a change in the structure and permeability of the cell membrane.
How might a plasmid contribute to a selective advantage for a bacterial cell?
Make the cell competent.
Could provide a selective advantage for that cell.
Make the cell wall stronger.
Does not contribute
Process in which plasmid DNA is taken up by a bacterial or yeast cell.
transcription
translation
transformation
replication
reverse transcription
Bacteria are model organisms because
They behave very well in public
They are manipulated easily and reproduce quickly.