2-4 years

3-6 years

4-7 years

5-8 years

4.9 million

3 million

6.1 million

4.2 million

10.1%

15.5%

25.4%

20.2%

Farsi

Chinese

Arabic

Urdu

75%

68%

60%

80%

high schools must create a "pathway" for a ninth-grade ELL Beginner to graduate

classes be provided in a student's home language

testing must be done in a student's home language

all instructional materials must be translated into a student's home language

ELLs reading aloud increases comprehension

graphic organizers and visuals make instruction more accessible to ELLs

teachers should never use ELL students' home language

Both one and two