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Science
11th -
12thgrade
APES Ch 10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity
20 questions
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- 1. Multiple Choice
Ecosystem services performed by forests include;
I. Carbon sequestation
II. Aid in aquifer recharge
III. Provide wildlife habitat
I only
II only
III only
I and III only
I, II, and III
- 2. Multiple Choice
The best example of selective cutting is;
Loggers cut small groups of intermediate or mature trees, resulting in less erosion and loss of nutrients on the hillside.
Loggers cut all of the trees in an area, resulting in a loss of nutrients in the soil and sediment gathering in the stream downslope.
Loggers cut a thin strip of trees along a hillside, the forests naturally regenerates, and loggers then cut a thin strip of trees next to the regenerated area.
In a managed area forest containing one or two species of trees, loggers clear cut one section, then clear-cut it again when the trees have reached a certain size.
Loggers cut only the trees they can reach easily from exsisting access roads.
- 3. Multiple Choice
All of the following would result in an area that would result in an area thast was recently clear-cut EXCEPT;
An increase in the likelihood of mudslides on sloped, denuded land.
A loss of soil nutrients, because of the increase in wind and water erosion.
An increase in erosion, because water flows faster on denuded slopes.
An increase in biodiversity, because cleared land is more inviting to a variety of new species.
An increase in water pollution as sediment flows into streams.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best decscribes a second-growth forest?
Strands of trees resulting from natural succession on a disturbes site.
Forest that has not been seriously disturbed for at least 200 years.
Strands of trees of uniform age and species that have been planted by humans.
Forest only found in rural areas in canada, Brazil, and Russia.
Forest only found in rural areas and density.
- 5. Multiple Choice
Fires that burn away flammable ground material and help prevent more destructive fires are called;
Crown fires
Ground fires
Surface fires
High Intensity fires
Low-intensity fires
- 6. Multiple Choice
One effect of our overgrazing of the natural range lands is;
Increased biodiversity because of the increase in plants cattle will not eat, such as mesquite, sagebrush, and cactus, as well as the insects and mammals these plants attract.
Decreased solar power because soil is compacted and can no longer support power cells.
Inversion of the human population pyramid as less vegetation is available and ranchers must sell their cattle because of the lack of rangeland available to them.
Soil erosion, because cattle damage the grass roots and the grass can no longer regrow.
Increased soil porosity, because cattle are not present to compact the land they occupy.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the follwing U.S federal lands is the most restricted in terms of public and corporate use, such as grazing, mining, and sports hunting?
Wilderness areas
National wildlife refuges (USWS)
The National Forest System (USFS)
National Resource Lands (BLM)
National recreational Lands (BLM)
- 8. Multiple Choice
A farmer in a developing nation will try to plant the maximum amount of crops on his land. This farmer would most likely use which method of tree-cutting.
Cut a strip of trees, but then cut another strip of trees when the first ones grow back, preventing mass erosion and protecting his crops.
Cut most of the trees, but leave those that produce seeds so new trees can grow back.
Remove all of the mature trees, leaving the younger ones to provide for shade for crops that need it in order to survive.
Cut all of the trees in the area, regardless of the resulting nutrient loss and erosion.
Remove only small groups of older trees so more nutrients would be available for his crops.
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which is the following is NOT a result of logging in the United States?
Promotion of economic growth.
Road-building, leading to habitat fragmentation.
Ecological restoration and rehabilitation.
Damage to nearby rivers and fisheries.
Job creation in nearby communities.
- 10. Multiple Choice
What is the overall largest problem facing most U.S. national parks?
Popularity and its impact
Inholdings
Poaching
Off-road vehicles
Water pollution
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements are true concerning sustainable rangeland management?
I. Because the rangeland grasses grow from the base and not the tip, rangeland grass is a renewable resource, as long as the lower portion of the blade remains.
II. Rangelands should be managed to ensure the carrying capacity is exceeded.
III. Moderate grazing is beneficial to the rangelands because it encourages new plant growth.
I only
III only
I and II only
I and III only
I,II, and III
- 12. Multiple Choice
Reasons for clearing tropical rainforests include all of the following EXCEPT
Converting the forest to agricultural land.
Harvesting valuable timber.
Creating pasture for grazing cattle.
Clear-cutting trees to promote healthier second growth forests.
Cutting timber for fuel wood.
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which of thge following best describes biodiversity hotspots?
They are areas with low biodiversity in need of remediation.
They are quatic areas in which biodiversity remains high.
They are areas rich in rare plant species in danger of extinction.
They are areas with low diversity over techtonically active plates.
They are terrestrial areas of high diversity which are ecologically stable.
- 14. Multiple Choice
All of the following are true of biodiversity hotspots EXCEPT
They are areas that contain endangered plant species
They are protected by an international treaty that was signed by more than 100 countries in 2012.
They account for just over 2% of the earth's land surface.
They include most of the West Coast of South America
They are areas especially rich in plant species that are found in no other region.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the correct ecological restoration process.
"Covering landfill with topsoil and planting with vegetation."
Restoration
Rehabilitation
Replacement
Creating artificial ecosystems.
Mitigation
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the correct ecological restoration process. "Converting a Midwestern farm back to original praire grassland."
Restoration
Rehabilitation
Replacement
Creating artificial ecosystems
Mitigation
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of the following would be an example of restoration of disturbed lands?
Passing a law that makes it illegal to build on disturbed lands.
Building a wall to prevent erosion durring severe storms, such as hurricanes.
Building biological corridors between areas of human habilitation.
Converting a forest into a national park.
Replanting a destroyed areas to bring it back to its natural state.
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an input and not an output of large cities
Educated people, because many college graduates leave cities once they get their degrees.
Greenhouse gases, because they remain in the air above cities.
Waste heat from industry, because it contributes to higher temperatures in urban areas, compared to nearby rural areas.
Food and water, because they are needed in large amounts.
Stress of exposure to the noise pollution from a construction site.
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a major advantage of urbanization?
Cities serve as centers of economic development and jobs.
Less land is directly affected by the concentration of people in cities.
Pollution is concentrated in cities.
Cities are generally warmer and receive more rainfall than surrounding rural areas.
Cities have larger ecological footprints.
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes an urban heat island?
An urban area which is surrounded by cooler suburban and rural areas.
An urban island which is surrounded by a high-temperature water body.
A suburban area that is indirectly heated by city factories and cars.
An urban island which is near the equator.
An isolated urban area which creates exess heat from the overuse of electricty.
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