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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is identical in a skin cell and a muscle cell from the same individual?
cellular shape
amount of ATP
genetic material
cell function
- 2. Multiple Choice
While all of the cells in an individual are derived from a single cell, they can differentiate to take on many different types of structure and function. Cells can become specialized because –
mutations can alter the molecular structure of cell membranes
each cell expresses a different combination of genes
scientists have discovered how to alter the DNA sequences of humans
different cells utilize various forms of RNA nucleotides
- 3. Multiple Choice
The cells within a multicellular organism contain the same set of DNA, but two cells might produce a very different set of proteins. How is this possible?
Cells can have different sets of mRNA molecules because different genes are expressed
Different cells produce different proteins based on the amino acids they can absorb
Ribosomes translate mRNA strands differently depending on the type of cell they are in
Viral infections can alter the way eukaryotic cells translate their genes into proteins.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Stem cells can replace specialized cells within damaged tissue. Once they are in place, stem cells receive chemical signals which activate the appropriate set of genes. This demonstrates that which of the following plays a role in cell differentiation?
radiation
environment
antibodies
blood type
- 5. Multiple Choice
Bone cells are different than brain cells because bone cells –
do not undergo cell division
cannot maintain homeostasis
contain charged ions
express different genes
- 6. Multiple Choice
Muscle cells require large amounts of energy. This explains why muscle cells contain a greater than average number of –
nuclei
mitochondria
vacuoles
lysosomes
- 7. Multiple Choice
Male gamete cells known as sperm are specialized to be highly mobile. Which of the following organelles increases the motility of these specialized cells?
flagella
Golgi bodies
chloroplasts
vesicles
- 8. Multiple Choice
In a plant, cells which contain the largest number of chloroplasts are most likely specialized to perform which of the following functions?
distribute water
capture prey
absorb light
release heat
- 9. Multiple Choice
Some cells are specialized to store large amounts of water and nutrients for the organism’s later use. Which of the following organelles would be prevalent in these cells?
vacuoles
Golgi bodies
mitochondria
centrioles
- 10. Multiple Choice
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that engulf invading bacteria and break them apart with digestive enzymes. Neutrophils are likely to contain large numbers of -
chloroplasts
lysosomes
flagella
Golgi bodies
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which phase of mitosis involves two nuclei reforming around each complete set of genetic material?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which phase of mitosis involves spindle fibers attaching to chromosomes and lining them up?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which phase of mitosis involves the chromosomes condensing and nucleus dissolving?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which phase of mitosis involves the chromosomes being pulled apart into two sets of chromotids?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which of the diagrams above depicts how the cell would appear during metaphase?
Q
R
S
T
U
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the diagrams above depicts how the cell would appear during interphase?
Q
R
S
T
U
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of the diagrams above depicts how the cell would appear during anaphase?
Q
R
S
T
U
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the diagrams above depicts how the cell would appear during telophase?
Q
R
S
T
U
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which of the sequences listed below places the diagrams in the order they would appear during the cell cycle?
R-U-S-Q-T
T-Q-R-U-S
T-R-U-S-Q
S-U-R-Q-T
- 20. Multiple Choice
What organelle is responsible for directing the movement of chromosomes during mitosis in animal cells?
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Centriole
Ribosome
- 21. Multiple Choice
Before DNA can be replicated by DNA polymerase enzymes, it must first separate –
behind the deoxyribose sugars
between the nitrogen bases
underneath the phosphate groups
between the carbon atoms
- 22. Multiple Choice
DNA replication occurs during which of the following phases of the cell cycle?
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
- 23. Multiple Choice
Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell cycle and it is characterized by the creation of two –
identical daughter cells
DNA mutations
nuclei
sets of chromosomes
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is most closely associated with cancer?
reduced cell size
recessive genes
rapid cell division
bacterial infection
- 25. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows how specialized body cells can develop.
Which of the following best explains why cells that contain the same genetic material do not develop into the same types of cells?
Because internal and external stimuli can trigger the activation of specific genes in the DNA of cells
Because random mutations can occur in the DNA of cells during early embryonic development
Because messenger RNA is converted to transfer RNA when cell differentiation begins
Because chemical signals that are released during the cell cycle can result in the linking of similar genes
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