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- 1. Multiple Choice
Fragmenting one large park or preserve into many small parks with human habitation in between them is most likely to lead to which of the following?
Reduction in species diversity
Stabilization of microclimates
Decrease in the proportion of edge habitat
Increase in population size of carnivores
- 2. Multiple Choice
The factor that likely poses the greatest threat of extinction of species worldwide is
black market trade in endangered species
aggressive collecting of specimens by museums and zoos
increasing loss of habitat
weakening of environmental legislation
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?
A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide
A bear goes into hibernation
A lizard’s color becomes brown as it sits on a log
A population of foxes increases as more prey becomes available
- 4. Multiple Choice
The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 10,000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 21,000 kcal/m2 per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2 per year?
11,000
21,000
31,000
41,000
- 5. Multiple Choice
Characteristics that tend to increase the risk of a species becoming endangered include which of the following?
Having a very limited distribution
Being a specialist at the end of a long food chain
Having a small population size
All of these are correct
- 6. Multiple Choice
In general, which of the following is the best long-term method of preventing extinctions?
Protecting the habitats of endangered species
Paying people not to kill endangered species
Removing predators from areas that contain endangered species
Providing food to endangered species in the wild
- 7. Multiple Choice
If mean global temperature keeps on increasing as predicted by contemporary scientists, which of the following is most likely?
There will be fewer insect pests and disease-carrying organisms
Specialist species living in fragile ecosystems will risk extinction
There will be an increase in the reproductive rate of mammals
The geographical range of many plants will move toward the equator
- 8. Multiple Choice
All of the following statements about the pyramid of biomass are correct EXCEPT:
Biomass is the total dry mass of the organisms present.
The amount of biomass at a particular level of the pyramid depends on the amount of energy available.
The base of the pyramid generally represents primary consumers.
Certain toxins tend to become concentrated at upper levels of the pyramid.
- 9. Multiple Choice
Eutrophication in lakes is frequently the direct result of
nutrient enrichment
industrial poisons
a diminished supply of nitrates
an increase in predators
- 10. Multiple Choice
Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following?
The first law of thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics
The law of conservation of matter
The process of ecological succession
- 11. Multiple Choice
Gradual transition over time from one type of biological community to another.
Symbiosis
Law of tolerance
Ecological succession
Energy pyramid
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements about ecological succession is correct?
Secondary succession is followed by primary succession.
Primary succession occurs over a shorter time span than secondary succession.
Succession is influenced by competition for limiting resources such as available soil, moisture, and nutrients.
In forest succession, less shade-tolerant trees replace more shade-tolerant trees.
- 13. Multiple Choice
The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?
Island distance from mainland
How the island is formed
Island size
All of these are correct
- 14. Multiple Choice
Beginning at the lowest trophic level, arrange the following food chain found on the Serengeti Plain of Africa in the correct sequence.
Shrubs–decomposers–gazelles–cheetahs
Gazelles–decomposers–cheetahs–shrubs
Shrubs–gazelles–cheetahs–decomposers
Decomposers–cheetahs–shrubs–gazelles
- 15. Multiple Choice
Roughly what percentage of incoming solar energy is converted into chemical energy by producers?
99%
50%
1%
Between 5 and 20%
- 16. Multiple Choice
After a severe drought, the productivity in an ecosystem took many years to return to pre-drought conditions. This observation indicates that the ecosystem has
low resilience.
high resilience.
high resistance.
low resistance.
- 17. Multiple Choice
According to the first law of thermodynamics
energy can never leave or enter the system.
energy can never change form.
energy is not created or destroyed.
none of these are correct
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following are needed for photosynthesis?
Water, solar energy, and carbon dioxide
Water, solar energy, and glucose
Oxygen and glucose
Oxygen, water, and solar energy
- 19. Multiple Choice
What are the physical products of cellular respiration?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Glucose and oxygen
Water and carbon dioxide
Nitrogen and carbon
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the approximate efficiency of the energy transfer as energy flows through the food chain?
1 percent
90 percent
50 percent
10 percent
- 21. Multiple Choice
Which best describes the concept of gross primary production?
Total amount of energy available to primary consumers
Total amount of cellular respiration conducted within an ecosystem
Total amount of energy available within an ecosystem
Total amount of solar energy that producers capture via photosynthesis
- 22. Multiple Choice
After a forest fire, a badly damaged ecosystem recovered rapidly. This ecosystem has
high resistance.
low resistance.
high resilience.
low resilience.
- 23. Multiple Choice
Based on the energy efficiency transfer through the food chain where does that 90% of lost energy go?
Feces
To the producers
To the secondary consumers
Atmosphere
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which is another name for a producer?
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Decomposer
Scavenger
- 25. Multiple Choice
Organisms that eat dead or decaying matter are called
tertiary consumers.
primary consumers.
scavengers
autotrophs
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