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26 questions
On a field trip to a volcano that has recently erupted, your teacher asks you to classify the types of rock that you see and include them in a diagram of the rock cycle. You could expect to find samples of —
sedimentary rock, such as breccia, shale, and conglomerate
igneous rock, such as rhyolite, scoria, and basalt
metamorphic rock, such as slate, marble, and gneiss
all three types of rock would be found in equal amounts
Farmers decide to stop growing legume crops. This reduces the number of nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria. How would this affect the nitrogen cycle?
Precipitation would increase, causing lightning to fix more nitrogen in the atmosphere.
After a few years, plant production would decrease and farmers would have to add more synthetic fertilizers to get the same crop yields.
Nitrates would accumulate in the soil.
The amount of atmospheric nitrogen would decrease.
In a biome, elements such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon move between living things and their environment. These transfers of matter are part of —
ecological succession
energy pyramids
biogeochemical cycles
symbiotic relationships
Recent climate data suggests a global warming trend. Disruption of which natural cycle most likely contributes to this temperature increase?
Phosphorus cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Potassium cycle
Carbon cycle
Fluctuations in the hydrologic cycle could negatively affect a desert biome in all these ways except ―
change in seasonal cycles causes animal populations to migrate or hibernate
animals breed at a time when there are limited resources
available fluctuation causes species loss
formation of a new ecosystem
Which is the correct order of the layers (beginning at the Earth’s surface)?
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Troposphere
Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere
Mesosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Stratosphere
Which components of the Earth’s systems are most correctly matched with their related topics?
Biosphere: Earth’s mantle and core
Hydrosphere: Plate tectonics
Geosphere: Ocean currents
Cryosphere: Glacier thickness
A student made a model of the Earth and its atmosphere by covering a box with plastic wrap and placing thermometers inside and outside of the box. A heat lamp was shined on the box. The temperature inside the box increased at a faster rate than the outside temperature. This model best represents —
the role of carbon dioxide in trapping heat from radiation in the greenhouse effect
the effects of acid rain on temperature inversions
the role of convection creating the Coriolis Effect in the ocean
ozone depletion and its effect on global temperatures
Currents carrying water past the continental shelves influence climate patterns. Currents such as the Gulf Stream in the Northern Hemisphere and the Brazilian Current in the Southern Hemisphere continually transport water heated by solar radiation from the equator toward the poles. Compared to inland areas at the same latitude, the coastal areas affected by these currents will —
be cooler in temperature
have more storms
have a shorter growing season
be warmer in temperature
Deep water ocean currents, sometimes called “conveyer belt currents,” flow as warm waters from the Gulfstream lose thermal energy, decrease in density, and sink in the Northern Atlantic. The waters then flow southward and eventually into the Pacific where they are heated again and rise. Energy flows through this system due to —
conduction
convection
radiation
deposition
Farmers decide to stop growing legume crops. This reduces the number of nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria. How would this affect the nitrogen cycle?
Precipitation would increase, causing lightning to fix more nitrogen in the atmosphere.
After a few years, plant production would decrease and farmers would have to add more synthetic fertilizers to get the same crop yields.
Nitrates would accumulate in the soil.
The amount of atmospheric nitrogen would decrease.
Recent climate data suggests a global warming trend. Disruption of which natural cycle most likely contributes to this temperature increase?
Phosphorus cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Potassium cycle
Carbon cycle
Fluctuations in the hydrologic cycle could negatively affect a desert biome in all these ways except ―
change in seasonal cycles causes animal populations to migrate or hibernate
animals breed at a time when there are limited resources available
fluctuation causes species loss
formation of a new ecosystem
In a biome, elements such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon move between living things and their environment. These transfers of matter are part of —
ecological succession
energy pyramids
biogeochemical cycles
symbiotic relationships
Which is the correct order of the layers (beginning at the Earth’s surface)?
Mesosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Stratosphere
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere
Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Troposphere
Which components of the Earth’s systems are most correctly matched with their related topics?
Cryosphere: Glacier thickness
Geosphere: Ocean currents
Hydrosphere: Plate tectonics
Biosphere: Earth’s mantle and core
A student made a model of the Earth and its atmosphere by covering a box with plastic wrap and placing thermometers inside and outside of the box. A heat lamp was shined on the box. The temperature inside the box increased at a faster rate than the outside temperature. This model best represents —
the effects of acid rain on temperature inversions
the role of carbon dioxide in trapping heat from radiation in the greenhouse effect
the role of convection creating the Coriolis Effect in the ocean
ozone depletion and its effect on global temperatures
Scientists have observed that ecosystems rarely contain more than a few trophic levels. What is the most likely explanation for this observation, based on the second law of thermodynamics?
Energy transfer efficiency is high because heat is stored at each trophic level.
Energy transfer efficiency is low because heat is released at each trophic level.
Energy cannot be transferred through trophic levels.
Energy amounts remain constant when transferred between levels.
Food waste in a compost bin gives off heat as it decomposes. What is the best explanation of this phenomenon?
As communities of decomposers break down waste, their cellular respiration gives off thermal energy.
Water in the compost pile heats as it evaporates.
As worms move through the soil, they generate heat due to friction.
Solar radiation causes the compost pile to heat faster than the surrounding area.
Which of the following is an example of the biosphere using energy from the hydrosphere?
Rain water washes away algal blooms that have grown in still water.
Humans make dams in rivers to generate electricity.
Hippopotamuses use bodies of water to reduce their body temperature.
Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce food.
Deep water ocean currents, sometimes called “conveyer belt currents,” flow as warm waters from the Gulfstream lose thermal energy, decrease in density, and sink in the Northern Atlantic. The waters then flow southward and eventually into the Pacific where they are heated again and rise. Energy flows through this system due to —
convection
radiation
deposition
conduction
Currents carrying water past the continental shelves influence climate patterns. Currents such as the Gulf Stream in the Northern Hemisphere and the Brazilian Current in the Southern Hemisphere continually transport water heated by solar radiation from the equator toward the poles. Compared to inland areas at the same latitude, the coastal areas affected by these currents will —
be cooler in temperature
have more storms
have a shorter growing season
be warmer in temperature
Texas resources can be conserved by doing all of the following except —
recycling copper from broken electrical equipment
reducing the minerals used in making concrete by making it porous
reducing the amount of trash put in landfills by burning trash
reusing grey water from households to water plants
If an ecosystem is impacted by an extreme drought over an extended period of time, the import / export rate of which of the following resources would be least impacted?
Vegetables
Beef
Lumber
Oil
An average of 2 billion gallons of water is used each day for golf course irrigation in the US. Which of these changes would best aid in reducing the amount of water used for irrigation?
Plant many broad leaf trees
Use less fertilizer
Use only potable water sources
Utilize native plants and grasses
Which of the following is an advantage of recycling garbage over burying waste in landfills or incinerating trash?
Saves raw materials
Generates energy
Reduces volume by 90%
Lowers cost
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