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- 1. Multiple Choice
What were the ancient astronomers able to accomplish even though they only had simple tools?
Calculate planetary orbits
Measure distances to stars
Predict solstices and make calendars
Launch rockets
- 2. Multiple Choice
In the model proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus', which object was at the center of the universe?
Sun
Earth
Milky Way galaxy
Mars
- 3. Multiple Choice
Ancient Greeks believed, the earth to be the center of the universe. What do we call this model?
Geocentric universe
Heliocentric universe
Copernican model
Earthcentric
- 4. Multiple Choice_____ was an early astronomer who published his heliocentric theory of the Universe.AristarchusKeplerCopernicusGalileo
- 5. Multiple ChoicePlanets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)circleellipsefocusperihelion
- 6. Multiple ChoiceWhich astronomer created the 3 planetary laws of motion.CopernicusKeplerNewtonGalileo
- 7. Multiple Choice
This scientist discovered that the Universe is expanding
Newton
Ptolemy
Galileo
Hubble
- 8. Multiple Choice____ was an American astronomer with a large space telescope named after him.HubblePtolemyNewtonGalileo
- 9. Multiple Choice
Around what year did Isaac Newton build the first reflecting telescope?
1668
3,000 B.C
1600 B.C
1923
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which astronomer discovered a comet that was eventually named after her?
Maria Mitchell
Henrietta Swan Leavitt
Lynn Margulis
Rosalind Franklin
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which scientist came up with the General Theory of Relativity?
Albert Einstein
Carl Sagan
Edwin Hubble
Stephen Hawking
- 12. Multiple Choice
The formula P2 = a3 is an expression ofKepler's 3rd LawNewton's 2nd LawKepler's 1st LawKepler's 2nd Law - 13. Multiple ChoiceThe name for the average sun-to-earth distance isA YearA Light YearAn Astronomical UnitA Parsec
- 14. Multiple ChoiceWhat did Galileo NOT see?Mountains on the earth's moon.Uranus's moons Titania and Oberon.Jupiter's 4 largest moons.The phases of Venus.
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhich astronomer of antiquity measured the size of the earth?AristarchusPtolemyCopernicusEratosthenes
- 16. Multiple ChoiceWhich astronomer of antiquity made elaborate models of an earth-centered universe?CopernicusAristarchusPtolemyTycho Brahe
- 17. Multiple ChoiceWhich astronomer of antiquity first applied a telescope to astronomical observation?PtolemyGalileo GalileiTycho BraheCopernicus
- 18. Multiple ChoiceAncient astronomers used 'epicycles' to explain...?Retrograde MotionConstellation MovementMoon's PhasesPlanetary Transits
- 19. Multiple ChoiceTycho Brahe's biggest contribution to astronomy was...?Accurate Observations of the stars and planetsHis telescopic observationsHeliocentric UniverseHis Silver Nose
- 20. Multiple ChoiceAstronomer Johannes Kepler...Published AlmagestInvented the first Radio TelescopeSuggested elliptical orbits for the planetsWas made head astronomer for the Church
- 21. Multiple ChoiceExamine the Diagram of the Solar System below. Which of the following astronomers held and promoted this view of the solar system?AristarchusPtolemy & Tycho BraheCopernicusJohannes Kepler & Tycho Brahe
- 22. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the following diagram developed by Ptolemy attempting to explain?How the relative distance of the earth can be determinedHeliocentric modelGeocentric model with stellar parallaxGeocentric model with the retrograde motion of Mars
- 23. Multiple ChoiceWhat problems did early astronomers face when trying to justify a geocentric model?Retrograde motion of planets farther out than the EarthBodies in the night sky moved from horizon to horizon making people think the Sun was the centerNo observations of bodies in the night sky were observable to make any logical conclusions about celestial orbitsThe lack of evidence for stellar parallax
- 24. Multiple ChoiceThe greater the ___ between two objects, the ___ the force of gravity.distance/strongermagnetism/weakerdistance/weakermagnetism/stronger
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhat did Copernicus discover?The Earth is at the center of the Solar SystemThe Sun is at the center of the Solar SystemThe Moon is at the center of the Solar SystemThere is a black hole in the center of the Solar System
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWho was the first person to use a telescope to observe objects in space?PtolemyCopernicusGalileoKepler
- 27. Multiple ChoiceGalileo discovered huge pits on the moon called what?Moon holesDipsBendsCraters
- 28. Multiple ChoiceWhich scientist helped explain that gravity is why all the planets orbit the Sun?KeplerGalileoCopernicusNewton
- 29. Multiple ChoiceWhich Greek astronomer was believed for over 1400 years even though his theory of the Solar System was wrong?GalileoCopernicusNewtonPtolemy
- 30. Multiple ChoiceBuilt a telescope and made discoveries which changed astronomy; discovered 4 moons of JupiterGalileo GalileiAristotleWilliam HerschelClaudius Ptolemy
- 31. Multiple ChoiceBuilt an observatory and made the most accurate astronomical observations for more than 20 yrs.Giovanni CassiniTycho BraheHipparchusIsaac Newton
- 32. Multiple ChoiceBegan a new era of astronomy when he concluded that the Sun was the center of the universeAristotleIsaac NewtonClaudius PtolemyNicolaus Copernicus
- 33. Multiple ChoiceHis model of the Earth-centered universe was the cornerstone of astronomy for 1,500 yearsClaudius PtolemyNicolaus CopernicusCharles MessierGalileo Galilei
- 34. Multiple ChoiceHe discovered the division in the rings of Saturn and found four moons orbiting Saturn.Nicolaus CopernicusTycho BraheGiovanni CassiniCharles Messier
- 35. Multiple ChoiceHe showed the laws governing astronomical bodies were the same laws governing motion on EarthIsaac NewtonCharles MessierTycho BraheHipparchus
- 36. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is one of Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
planets move on elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus
gravitational force between two objects decreases as the distance squared
an object in motion remains in motion
inner planets orbit in a different direction than outer ones
- 37. Multiple Choice
What was the significance of Galileo's discovery that Venus shows all phases from new to full?
it allowed him to find Venus' distance from the sun
it proved to other astronomers that his telescope was working correctly
in the geocentric model, only some phases are possible
it proved that Venus has an atmosphere
- 38. Multiple Choice
Which of these astronomical discoveries was made by Christiaan Huygens?
The existence of the planet Neptune
The true shape of the rings of Saturn
The existence of sunspots
One of the moons of Jupiter
- 39. Multiple Choice
Maria Mitchell Was the First Woman _____.
To have Encephalopathy
To be an Astronaut
To be an Astronomer
To be from NASA
- 40. Multiple Choice
Why did the King of Denmark give Maria a medal?
Because she saw a Astroid
Because she saw a comet
Because she saw a ball of ice.
Because she saw a Living Zombie
- 41. Multiple Choice
This astronomer discovered a way to measure the distance between Earth and galaxies.
Margaret Sanger
Barbara McClintock
Henrietta Leavitt
Mary Anderson
- 42. Multiple Choice
List the following astronomers from the earliest years of contribution to the latest.
Newton-Aristotle-Copernicus-Einstein
Aristotle-Copernicus-Newton-Einstein
Einstein-Newton-Aristotle-Copernicus
Newton-Einstein-Aristotle-Copernicus
- 43. Multiple Choice
Which astronomer has developed theories in understanding black holes?
Kepler
Newton
Hawking
Aristotle
- 44. Multiple ChoiceAstronomer that took the guesswork out of astronomy and was the first to use experimentation and data in his explanations of the universe. He was also the first to explain why Earth has seasons. 100 years after he died his heliocentric model of the universe was finally accepted. His model incorrectly had the planets orbiting in perfect circles.AristotleGalileoCopernicusJohannes Kepler
- 45. Multiple ChoiceWas the best 'naked eye' astronomer to have ever lived, making accurate measurements of the distances of planets and stars with no telescope. However, he wrongly believed in a geocentric (Earth centered) view of the universe. He witnessed a Supernova and knew it was not a local occurrence by using parallax. He is also known for owing a pet elk/moose and losing his nose in a duel over who was the better mathematician. The large lunar crater is named after him. and he built an observatory he called 'Uraniborg' in his castle on an island.Tycho BraheJohannes KeplerCopernicusPtolemy
- 46. Multiple Choice_______________'s geocentric model of the universe had the Moon and Sun orbiting the Earth at the center while the other planets orbited the Sun.Tycho BraheCopernicusPtolemyAristotle
- 47. Multiple ChoiceHe 'popularized' the heliocentric (sun centered) model of the universe 100 years after Copernicus and was the first to point the telescope at the sky. He was put on house arrest for his views of a heliocentric universe where he wrote many books in Italian so everyone could read them. He also discovered the 4 'Galilean' moons of Jupiter, that Venus has phases like the moon, that our moon has mountains and valleys, and he observed sun spots on the sun.GalileoAristarchusJohannes KeplerTycho Brahe
- 48. Multiple ChoiceAstronomer (Tycho Brahe's assistant) who came up with the 3 Laws of Planetary Motion which govern the movement of moons and planets.
(1. planets have elliptical orbits, not spherical 2. planets speed up going around the sun and then slow down 3. planets have a physics based orbit that can be calculated using the semi-major axis... (P2 = A3)Johannes KeplerCopernicusGalileoPtolemy - 49. Multiple ChoiceAstronomer who studied Cephied variable stars which change their brightness back and forth.Annie Jump CannonHenrietta LeavittWilliamina FlemingAntonia Maury
- 50. Multiple ChoiceGerman theoretical physicist that developed the theory of relativity and the mass-energy equivalence formula E=mc2. His name has become synonymous with 'genius'.Edward PickeringEdwin HubbleStephen HawkingAlbert Einstein
- 51. Multiple ChoiceAmerican astronomer who profoundly changed our understanding of the universe by confirming the existence of other galaxies. He also helped us understand how the universe is expanding with his discovery of 'red shift' (the farther a galaxy is from us, the faster it is moving away = Hubble's law).Edwin HubbleEdward PickeringHarlow ShapelyAlbert Einstein
- 52. Multiple ChoiceAstronomer and teacher who inspired the masses to learn Astronomy. He was the author of 'Cosmos' and 'Contact'.Carl SaganNeil deGrasse TysonAlbert EinsteinEdwin Hubble
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