50 questions
Which 12-month period makes up the federal government’s fiscal year?
April 1 – March 31
January 1 – December 31
July 1 – June 30
October 1 – September 30
The federal budget is
proposed by Congress and approved by the president
proposed by Congress and approved by the Supreme Court
proposed by the president and approved by Congress
proposed by the president and approved by the Supreme Court
Which of the following occurs in STEP TWO of the federal budget process?
the president estimates revenues and expenses in a budget message to Congress
The House and Senate indicate spending priorities.
The House and Senate pass budget resolutions.
The president passes bills authorizing spending.
An example of mandatory spending by the federal government is the money used for
highway construction
national defense
power plants
Social Security
An example of discretionary spending by the federal government is the money used for
Medicare
National defense
Interest on the national debt
Social Security
All appropriations bills begin
at the state level
in the House
in the Senate
with the president
A continuing resolution is passed by Congress when
it believes an appropriations bill is unlikely to pass
it disagrees with the president’s budget proposals
it does not pass the budget on time
mandatory spending exceeds discretionary spending
Which tax is collected from employees and employers to fund social insurance programs?
excise taxes
payroll taxes
custom duties
corporate income taxes
After the personal income tax and payroll taxes, the federal government receives the most money from
corporate income taxes
custom duties
estate tax
excise taxes
Taxes on goods brought into the country for sale are called
payroll taxes
custom duties
estate tax
excise taxes
Which of the following statements correctly describes the federal income tax?
people with higher incomes pay a proportional income tax
people with higher incomes pay a smaller percentage of their income as taxes
people with lower incomes pay a regressive income tax
people with lower incomes pay a smaller percentage of their income as taxes
A tax that is set at the same rate for all wage earners is called a
payroll tax
progressive tax
proportional tax
regressive tax
The sales tax is an example of a __________________________.
payroll tax
progressive tax
proportional tax
regressive tax
What is the largest category of federal spending?
Social Security
National Defense
Medicare
Interest on borrowed money
Which of the following has the job of tracking spending and revenue measures?
the Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
the House of Representatives
the president
the Senate
What is the largest source of state revenue?
payroll taxes
property taxes
sales taxes
intergovernmental revenue
Which of the following is the biggest expenditure for state governments?
education
highways
public welfare
repaying debt
Which level of government is responsible for funding public schools?
federal
local
regional
state
A major source of income for local governments is
federal income tax
state income tax
sales tax
property tax
States can borrow money for
any projects
long-term projects
regular programs
Medicaid
The federal government can borrow money by
decreasing the federal debt
increasing entitlements
raising taxes
selling bonds
Which of the following best describes the federal debt?
balanced
dropping steadily
rising steadily
ups and downs
As government borrowing goes up, the interest the government owes
also goes up
goes down
increases revenues
is eliminated
Which decreases with increased government borrowing?
the deficit
interest rates
investor confidence
taxes
President Roosevelt’s spending on government programs to help build/stimulate the economy was an example of
deficit policy
fiscal policy
monetary policy
program policy
Why did Congress pass a law in the 1940s that set economic goals for the nation?
to focus government spending on production of military supplies
to shift the country’s focus away from producing consumer goods
to try to prevent the country from falling into another depression
to try to prevent people from buying too many goods and services
What are the two most important automatic stabilizers?
cutting taxes and increasing spending
progressive income tax and fiscal policy
unemployment insurance and cutting taxes
unemployment insurance and the progressive income tax
As part of its function to maintain the nation’s currency supply, which organization pulls old money out of circulation?
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Federal Reserve
Secret Service
U.S. Treasury
Which of the following does the Fed regulate?
banks in other countries
Congress’s use of taxpayer money
daily operation of the FDIC
large commercial banks in the U.S.
Each member of the Fed’s Board of Governors is
appointed by Congress
appointed by the president
elected by Congress
elected by the public
The function of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) of the Fed is to
advise the Fed Board of Governors on matters of general policy
advise the Fed’s district banks on consumer credit
influence the whole economy by making changes to the supply of money
oversee operation of savings and loan associations
Which of the following groups helps the Fed make decisions regarding the economy, banks, and consumer loans?
advisory councils
congressional committees
financial investors
state banks
Interest rates go down if the Fed
contracts the supply of money
expands the supply of money
keeps the supply of money the same
raises the discount rate
Reductions in the loan discount rate will
decrease bank loans to customers
expand the supply of money by making more money available to banks
raise the Fed’s reserve requirement, causing banks to lend less money
slow down economic growth
Mandatory spending generally changes from year to year.
TRUE
FALSE
Discretionary spending is often referred to as uncontrollable expenses.
TRUE
FALSE
Unemployment insurance is an example of a social insurance program funded by payroll taxes, however only
employers pay the tax.
TRUE
FALSE
Taxes on the property and wealth over $1.5 million of a person who dies is called an estate tax.
TRUE
FALSE
Progressive taxes cause poorer families to pay a larger proportion of their total income on the tax.
TRUE
FALSE
Every state has a personal income tax.
TRUE
FALSE
One of the economic goals identified by Congress in the late 1940s was to keep people working.
TRUE
FALSE
The Fed acts as the government’s bank.
TRUE
FALSE
Each year, ______________________ sends a budget message to _____________________ that includes a proposal of how much might be spent on each federal program.
Congress; the president
the president; the Supreme Court
the president; Congress
the president; the Fed
Mandatory spending make up about _______ percent of the yearly budget, while discretionary spending makes up about _______ percent of the yearly budget.
20; 50
30; 70
40; 60
70; 30
___________ is the money a government collects to fund its spending, while __________________ is the money spent by the government.
Revenue; contractions
Expenditures; revenue
Revenue; expenditures
Expenditures; expansions
______________________________________ is the biggest source of revenue for the federal government.
Custom duties
Property taxes
Personal income tax
Excise taxes
Taxes on the manufacture, transportation, sale, and/or use of goods and services are called ________________.
payroll taxes
property taxes
estate taxes
excise taxes
Which president is associated with and responsible for increased government involvement in the economy
Barack Obama
Theodore Roosevelt
Franklin Roosevelt
George W. Bush
The Federal Reserve System is made up of _________ Federal Reserve Districts (banks).
10
11
12
13
Which amendment gives Congress permission to tax Incomes?
11
12
16
23