20 questions
One way in which the writings of John Locke and of Baron de Montesquieu are similar is that they
supported the idea of governments having limited powers
resulted in the development of mercantile economic systems
promoted the ideas of the Protestant Reformation
strengthened the divine right claims of European monarchs
The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton resulted in
challenges to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church
support for the Earth-centered theory of the universe
confirmation of Darwin's theory of evolution
a renewed interest in the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Base your answer on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.Diligent reader, in this work, which has just been created and published, you have the motions of the fixed stars and planets, as these motions have been reconstituted [reconstructed] on the basis of ancient as well as recent observations, and have moreover been embellished by new and marvelous hypotheses. You also have most convenient tables, from which you will be able to compute those motions with the utmost ease for any time whatever. Therefore buy, read, and enjoy [this work].Let no one untrained in geometry enter here.
Source: Nicholas Copernicus of Torun, Six Books on the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
In this passage, Copernicus states that he accomplished his work by
excluding the teachings of ancient societies
combining old and new observations
questioning the principles of the scientific method
denying the importance of geometry
What influence did the Scientific Revolution have on the Enlightenment in Europe?
Natural laws were used to explain human affairs.
Economic growth was slowed by the lack of useable technology.
Scientific truths were used to justify absolute monarchies.
The emphasis on religious doctrine led to the rejection of scientific ideas.
The idea that all people are born with the natural rights of life, liberty, and property is most directly associated with the writings of
Baron de Montesquieu
Thomas Hobbes
Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
John Locke
The heliocentric model of the universe developed by Copernicus and Galileo was considered heresy during their lives because it
linked astronomy to the teachings of Muhammad
supported the world view of the ancient Greeks
challenged the secular power of absolute monarchs
conflicted with the official doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church
In the 16th and 17th centuries, the heliocentric theory became the centerpiece for debate between
capitalism and communism
science and religion
colonialism and nationalism
isolationism and globalism
Which individual suggested the idea that if a government fails to protect its people's natural rights of life, liberty, and property, the people have the right to overthrow it?
Karl Marx
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Niccolo Machiavelli
The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers were based on
efforts to achieve salvation
faith in human reason
traditional practices
the inevitability of poverty
Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies....
Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor ....-Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws
In this passage, Montesquieu is making reference to
an enlightened despotism
a policy of mercantilism
a separation of powers
a social contract
Baron de Montesquieu believed that a separation of powers would
prevent tyranny by acting as a check on power
restore authority to the Roman Catholic Church
increase corruption of political authority
decrease the power of the middle class
Which idea is central to John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government?
A government’s power comes from the consent of the people.
Predestination will determine who will go to heaven.
Famine, disease, and conflict are natural checks on population growth.
The have-nots will rise up and overthrow the government of the haves.
Which statement represents a key idea directly associated with John Locke's Two Treatises of Government?
Freedom of speech should be denied.
The king's power on Earth comes from God.
All people are born with the right to life, liberty, and property.
Individuals acting in their own self-interest will achieve economic success.
Which historical figure expressed ideas that are most similar to those of Speaker B?
Thomas Malthus
John Locke
Peter the Great
Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
Which historical period is best represented in the ideas expressed by these speakers?
Enlightenment
Counter Reformation
Age of Exploration
Early Middle Ages
Which individual is correctly paired with an individual who further developed his ideas?
Pope Urban II → Martin Luther
Nicolaus Copernicus → Galileo Galilei
Hernando Cortez → Simón Bolívar
Louis XVI → Maximilien Robespierre
Which pair of ideas were central to the Scientific Revolution?
social stability and economic self-sufficiency
observation and experimentation
technology and military expansion
scarcity and interdependence
Which statement about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate?
The existence of natural laws was rejected.
Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe.
New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy.
The Bible was used to justify new scientific findings.
Which period is most closely associated with the major ideas of these philosophers?
Crusades
Renaissance
Reconquista
Enlightenment
According to John Locke, the purpose of government is to
protect the natural rights of individuals
serve the monarch
create overseas settlements
stimulate the economy