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- 1. Multiple Choice
One primary advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that:
light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy
light microscopy provides for higher resolution than electron microscopy
light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells
light microscopy provides for higher contrast than electron microscopy
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which of the following would be the most appropriate method to observe movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?
a hand lens (magnifying glass)
standard light microscope
scanning electron microscope
transmission electron microscope
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following would be most appropriate method to observe three-dimensional structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell?
a hand lens (magnifying glass)
standard light microscope
scanning electron microscope
transmission electron microscope
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following would be the most appropriate method to observe and measure the size of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
a hand lens (magnifying glass)
standard light microscope
scanning electron microscope
transmission electron microscope
- 5. Multiple Choice
A newly discovered unicellular organism isolated from acidic mine drainage is found to contain a cell wall, a plasma membrane, two flagella, and peroxisomes. Based just on this information, the organism is most likely:
a nonmotile prokaryote
a motile bacterium
a motile archaea
a nonmotile eukaryote
a motile eukaryote
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a major difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, while eukaryotic cells do not
Eukaryotic cells have flagella, while prokaryotic cells do not
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not
Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which structure is common to plant AND animal cells?
chloroplast
central vacuole
mitochondrion
centriole
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells?
mitochondria
ribosomes
chloroplasts
endoplasmic reticulum
- 9. Multiple Choice
Where is most of the DNA located in eukaryotic cells?
ribosomes
nucleus
Golgi apparatus
plasma membrane
- 10. Multiple Choice
What organelle in animal cells are responsible for for cell division?
centrioles
chloroplasts
mitochondria
phospholipids
- 11. Multiple Choice
Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules:
polysaccharides
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
- 12. Multiple Choice
A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely:
producing large quantities of proteins for secretion
producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol
producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix
producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
lysosome
central vacuole
Golgi apparatus
chloroplast
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which structure below is independent of the endomembrane system?
nuclear envelope
chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
plasma membrane
- 15. Multiple Choice
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is most likely defective in this condition?
the lysosome
the Golgi apparatus
the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
the rough endoplasmic reticulum
- 16. Multiple Choice
A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to:
store large quantities of water
import and export large quantities of protein
actively secrete large quantities of protein
synthesize large quantities of lipids
- 17. Multiple Choice
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?
rough ER
smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
nuclear membrane
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
rough ER --> Golgi --> transport vesicle --> nucleus
Golgi --> rough ER --> lysosome --> transport vesicle --> plasma membrane
rough ER --> Golgi --> transport vesicle --> plasma membrane
rough ER --> lysosome --> transport vesicle --> plasma membrane
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
lysosome
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
- 20. Multiple Choice
Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will take up asbestos by phagocytosis, but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in:
the Golgi apparatus
nuclei
peroxisomes
lysosomes
- 21. Multiple Choice
Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from:
a bacterium, but not a eukaryote
an animal, but not a plant
nearly any eukaryotic organism
a plant, but not an animal
- 22. Multiple Choice
Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within the:
mitochondria
perosixomes
lysosomes
smooth ER
- 23. Multiple Choice
Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to:
form cleavage furrows during cell division
migrate by amoeboid movement
separate chromosomes during cell division
maintain the shape of the nucleus
- 24. Multiple Choice
Researchers investigating the mechanism of vesicular transport assembled a cell-free system that included microtubule tracks, vesicles, and ATP. However, they observed no movement of transport of vesicles in this system. What were they missing?
an axon
contractile microfilaments
intermediate filaments
motor proteins
- 25. Multiple Choice
Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with defective cytoskeletal proteins in the red blood cells (RBCs). What do you suspect is the consequences of such a defect?
abnormally shaped RBCs
an insufficient supply of ATP in the RBCs
an insufficient supply of oxygen transporting proteins in the RBCs
adherence of RBCs to blood vessel walls, causing plaque formation
- 26. Multiple Choice
Gaucher disease is the most common of lipid storage diseases in humans. It is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of lipids. This leads to the accumulation of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow.
Using your knowledge of the structure of eukaryotic cells, identify the statement below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of cells may be involved in Gaucher disease.
The mitochondria are most likely defective and do not produce adequate amounts of ATP needed for cellular energy.
The rough ER contains too many ribosomes, which results in an overproduction of the enzyme involved in lipid breakdown.
The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lipids.
The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles with faulty membranes, which fail to be transported to the plasma membrane for secretion.
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which structure is common to plant AND animal cells?
chloroplast
central vacuole
mitochondrion
centriole
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