The Square Deal was meant to grow the fortunes of large industries

The Square Deal was a plan to establish a socialist American government

The Square Deal was meant to improve the quality of life for all Americans

The Square Deal created a central bank for the United States (the Fed)

A. Anti-trust laws, labor reforms, food and drug safety reforms, and political reforms (16^th-19^th Amendments)

B. Smaller government, more industry, and big tax cuts

C. Communism, socialism, and government control of the populace

D. Compulsory public school attendance, 8-hour work day, and men’s suffrage

Tarbell bombed Standard Oil refineries, causing the company to go out of business

Tarbell influenced Rockefeller to donate his vast fortunes to charity, causing the company to fail

Tarbell exposed the corrupt business practices of Standard Oil

Tarbell partnered with Carnegie, and the two bought out Standard Oil Company

The Jungle exposed the need for larger meat industries and less government intervention

The Jungle exposed the horrors of the meat-packing industry and caused public outrage and demand for reforms.

The Jungle exposed the great lengths that the government went through to control the meat industry

The Jungle led to reforms in what was permissible to be published about industries in America

Control of corporations (lessening the power of trusts & monopolies), Consumer protection (safer food & drugs for the public), and Conservation (setting aside large amounts of government-protected land)

Control of labor unions, consumer competition, and controversial political practices

Communism, Corporate dissolution, and complete control of the people by the state

Control of consumers through corporate tax cuts

Muckrakers’ writings enflamed public opinion towards the need for a socialist government

Muckrakers’ writings exposed the corrupt practices of progressive idealists in government

Their writings demonstrated the need for larger businesses and less government control

Muckrakers’ writings exposed corrupt politics, bad business practices, and terrible working conditions in American society during the early 1900s.

During his presidency, Roosevelt offered tax breaks to large trusts and monopolies

Roosevelt is known as the trust-buster because of his support for large trusts and monopolies

During his presidency, Roosevelt filed over 40 lawsuits against trusts and monopolies

Roosevelt is known as a trusts-buster for his Square Deal that gave business advantages to trusts and monopolies

The Clayton Antitrust Act used the Square Deal to fix the problems of the Sherman Antitrust Act

The Clayton Antitrust Act used more specific language to fix the loopholes in the Sherman Antitrust Act

The Clayton Antitrust Act offered businesses a more lucrative path than the Sherman Antitrust Act

The Clayton Antitrust Act worsened the problems of the Sherman Antitrust Act

Government and management eventually compromised with labor unions, recognizing their legitimacy and meeting some of their demands (like collective bargaining).

Government and employers fired their workers en masse and hired Chinese workers instead

Government and employers outlawed strikes and fired/arrested any workers who tried to strike

Government and employers changed their practices temporarily, and then continued to subject their workers to long hours and bad working conditions

The Coal Creek Labor Saga occurred as a result of Social Darwinism

The Coal Creek Labor Saga occurred because the Coal Creek Mine contracted prison labor for the mine, which caused the miners to lose their jobs and begin an armed uprising

The Coal Creek Labor Saga workers occurred after the miners received a copy of the Social Gospel

The Coal Creek Labor Saga occurred after Washington and Du Bois encouraged workers to rebel

Debs and Gompers were business leaders of the Gilded Age who forced their workers into some of the worst conditions of the era

Debs and Gompers were African American leaders who helped African Americans achieve equality

Debs and Gompers were labor union leaders who successfully earned more rights for American workers

Debs and Gompers were political leaders who recognized the legitimacy of the Populist Party

Labor Unions fought for an end to segregation, integrated schools, and a violent end to the KKK

Labor Unions fought for increased rights for corporations and tax breaks for railroads

Labor Unions fought for better wages, reasonable hours and safer working conditions

Labor Unions fought for tax cuts to be passed for America’s upper class

The Granger Movement wanted to have a Granger President who gave tax cuts to farmers

The Granger Movement wanted to have regulated railroad prices and reduce the monopolistic power of the railroads

The Granger Movement wanted to take control of the railroad and have free transport of crops

The Granger Movement wanted to force immigrants out of America and loan forgiveness

Farmers struggled with corrupt political machines, voter fraud, and political scandals

Farmers struggled with the pro-slavery vs. anti-slavery debate

Farmers struggled with debt, failing crops, and railroads charging high prices to transport grain in the 1870s

Farmers struggled with drought, economic depression, and forced removal from lands

Du Bois believed that equality could be achieved for African Americans through creating separate communities for African Americans that were better than white communities

Du Bois believed that equality could be achieved for African Americans through leaving the United States for good

Du Bois believed that equality could be achieved for African Americans through using an underground spy network to move into government positions

Du Bois believed that equality could be achieved for African Americans through higher education and having African Americans in political office

Washington believed equality could be achieved for African Americans through practical education, hard work, and accumulating wealth

Washington believed equality could be achieved for African Americans through violent uprisings

Washington believed equality could be achieved for African Americans through writing a series of informational pamphlets and spreading them across America

Washington believed equality could be achieved for African Americans through a series of political assassinations

Social Gospel leaders provided medical care, taught English to immigrants, and fought for better working conditions

Social Gospel leaders gave their houses to the poor and opened community orphanages where children could leave terrible working conditions and hide out for the day

Social Gospel leaders forced poor people to convert to Christianity

Social Gospel leaders encouraged violent uprisings against corporate leadership

Social Darwinism increased racism, Nazism, and imperialism

Social Darwinism increased alcoholism, nativism, and isolationism

Social Darwinism encouraged poor people to pay what little money they had to Chinese immigrants

Social Darwinism encouraged rich people to donate large portions of their wealth to immigrants

The abundance of cheap labor kept factory operating costs low

The abundance of skilled workers kept union strike activity low

The arrival of new immigrants led to the enactment of child labor laws

The arrival of new immigrants led to an improvement in factory working conditions.

Divide Native American tribal lands into individual holdings.

Promoted the preservation of Native American cultural identity.

Granted immediate citizenship to Native Americans

Set up the reservation system

Dry seasons turned fertile land to semidesert and made real estate inexpensive.

A strong military eliminated attacks by Native Americans.

The expansion of railroads and land grants made the Great Plains more accessible.

Government funding for irrigation projects made farms more profitable

Electoral reform

Population decline

Increasing income disparity

Greater educational opportunity

Centers should be built for immigrants to help their transition into American life

Wealthy businessmen should be responsible for giving aid to the poor at their discretion

Labor unions should be established to insure fair working conditions for all

The government should be responsible for providing the poor with education programs.

Businesses sponsored child-care programs

Political machines demanded improved working conditions

Settlement houses were established to provide services to the poor

Federal offices distributed relief payments to unemployed workers

Many Midwestern farmers felt that the railroads were taking over land that should be used for cultivating crops.

Many Midwestern farmers felt that the railroad companies were greatly over-charging them to transport their crops to market.

Many Midwestern farmers felt that the railroad companies held too much political power.

Many Midwestern farmers felt that the railroads were too dangerous to run through small cities

Staging factory riots

Urging public boycotts

Organizing labor unions

Supporting monopolistic practices

It forced business owners to improve working conditions.

It negotiated with business owners to provide health benefits

It gained federal government protection for striking workers

It convinced the federal government to establish social programs.

He suggested the law could help consumers by protecting unrestricted competition among industries.

He proposed punishing monopolies by transferring ownership of corporations to the government

He proposed to protect economic growth by requiring that profits be distributed to workers.

He suggested that the government was needed to balance the power of concentrated wealth.

The formation of cooperatives and conglomerates within the business community.

The establishment of trade agreements among businessmen that included both domestic and international waterways.

The creation of monopolies and trusts that dominated the American business sector.

The expansion of global markets through big business transactions overseas

Immigrant hiring restrictions were enforced.

Business monopolies extended their power.

Labor unions expanded their power.

Child labor laws were enacted.

The eliminated textile factories.

They kept the cost of production low.

They employed only children.

They helped families create their own small businesses.

A desire to create public outrage and advocate for war

A desire to create public support and advocate for unions

A desire to expose societal problems and advocate for reform

A desire to expose domestic abuse and advocate for temperance

The photograph above was most likely taken to prove that social programs such as settlement houses did not work.

The photograph above was most likely taken to prove that immigrants were inferior to native Americans and should be sent home.

The photograph above was most likely taken to explain the grievances of the labor movement.

The photograph above was most likely taken to inform readers of the levels of extreme poverty that existed in large cities.

Protect the nation’s natural resources

Improve condition for African Americans

Advance the growth of big business

Improve conditions for all Americans in workplaces, the environment, and in food.

The Constitution was written to define the established practices for elections

The Constitution was designed to meet the changing needs of society

The Constitution encourages membership in political parties

The Constitution requires changes of political leadership

From federal laws and regulations to state actions

From preserving western lands to concerns nationwide

From action by rural outdoorsmen to action by city dwellers

From prevention of air pollution to protection of natural resources

The government became involved in protecting individuals from big businesses.

The government became involved in providing basic needs for individuals.

The government began providing agricultural subsidies.

The government began protecting natural resources.

The organization has been unable to prevent increased pollution

The organization has successfully protected areas for public use.

The organization has been unable to preserve endangered species.

The organization has created successful federal environmental regulations.

Jane Addams

Anne Dallas Dudley

Carrie Chapman Catt

Susan B. Anthony

Anti-Suffragettes who believed women would stop being parents if they earned the right to vote

Anti-Suffragettes who believed women were uneducated and therefore incapable of voting.

Suffragettes who believed women could be good parents and still have the right to vote.

Suffragettes who believed women well educated and therefore capable of voting.