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- 1. Multiple Choice
What is the best explanation for why digital data is represented in computers in binary?
The binary number system is the only system flexible enough to allow for representing data other than numbers.
It's easier, cheaper, and more reliable to build machines and devices that only have to distinguish between binary states.
It typically takes fewer digits to represent a number in binary when compared to other number systems (for example, the decimal number system)
It's impossible to build a computing machine that uses anything but binary to represent numbers
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true about the way digital data is transmitted on the Internet?
Bit-rate (bandwidth) is the time elapsed between the transmission and receipt of a piece of digital data.
Latency is the amount of data (measured in bits) that can be sent in a fixed amount of time.
Digital data can only be transmitted between two devices when they are physically connected to one another (for example by a copper wire)
Two devices must communicate using the same bit-rate to successfully send and receive digital data.
- 3. Multiple Choice
Two students have developed a protocol in which they send 4-bit messages to each other. They decide to modify their protocol to start sending 8-bit messages instead. How many more values can be represented in an 8-bit message than a 4-bit message?
21 = 2 times as many values
22= 4 times as many values
23 = 8 times as many values
24 = 16 times as many values
- 4. Multiple Choice
Under which of the following conditions is it most beneficial to use a heuristic approach to solve a problem?
When the problem can be solved in a reasonable time and an approximate solution is acceptable
When the problem can be solved in a reasonable time and an exact solution is needed
When the problem cannot be solved in a reasonable time and an approximate solution is acceptable
When the problem cannot be solved in a reasonable time and an exact solution is needed
- 5. Multiple Choice
The colors of the pixels in a digital image are often represented by red, green, and blue values between 0 and 255 (an RGB triplet). A photographer is manipulating a digital image to lighten it because all of the RGB values in the image are less than 100, making it very dark. He does this by adding 20 to the R, G, and B values of each pixel, then overwriting the original image. What type of transformation is the photographer using on the digital image?
Lossless transformation
Lossy transformation
Multiband transformation
Chrome Sampling transformation
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a true statement about data compression?
Data compression is only useful for files being transmitted over the Internet.
Regardless of the compression technique used, once a data file is compressed, it cannot be restored to its original state.
Sending a compressed version of a file ensures that the contents of the file cannot be intercepted by an unauthorized user.
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a compression technique for storing and transmitting data.
- 7. Multiple Choice
A video-streaming Web site uses 32-bit integers to count the number of times each video has been played. In anticipation of some videos being played more times than can be represented with 32 bits, the Web site is planning to change to 64-bit integers for the counter. Which of the following best describes the result of using 64-bit integers instead of 32-bit integers?
2 times as many values can be represented.
32 times as many values can be represented.
2^32 times as many values can be represented.
32^2 times as many values can be represented.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Select the answer that lists the units of bytes in ascending order (from smallest to largest)
gigabyte, megabyte, terabyte
megabyte, terabyte, kilobyte
gigabyte, terabyte, megabyte
kilobyte, gigabyte, terabyte
- 9. Multiple Choice
An artist makes an RGB raster image in which each pixel color is encoded with 12-bits --- 4 bits each for red, green and blue.
Which of the following correctly shows the hexadecimal value for Red as a 12-bit representation.
F00
00F
FF00
FF0000
- 10. Multiple Choice
A compression scheme for long strings of bits called run-length encoding is described as follows:
Rather than record each 0 and 1 individually, instead record "runs" of bits by storing the number of consecutive 1s and 0s that appear.
Since it's binary, any run of 0s must be followed by a run of 1s (even if the run is only 1-bit long) and vice versa. Thus, you can store a list of small numbers that represents the alternating runs of 0s and 1s. The image above is an example:
To uncompress the data back into its original binary state, you simply reverse the process. This technique is an example of what type of compression?
Lossy compression
Lossless compression
Fast Fourier Transform compression
Tailored compression
- 11. Multiple Choice
Approximately how much bigger (how many more bytes) is a megabyte than a kilobyte?
1,000 times bigger
100,000 times bigger
1,000,000 times bigger
1,000,000,000 times bigger
- 12. Multiple Choice
A raw digital sound file samples a sound wave at some interval and measures the height of the wave at each point. Thus, raw sound is recorded as a list of numbers.
In very broad terms the MP3 audio compression algorithm identifies frequencies and volume levels - low and high - that are outside the range of human hearing and removes the data representing these frequencies from the original. This technique results in a smaller audio file that sounds exactly the same to the human ear.
This technique is an example of what type of compression?
Lossy compression
Lossless compression
Fast Fourier Transform compression
Tailored compression
- 13. Multiple Choice
The image below shows an encoding for a black and white pixel image. The first two bytes of the data (circled in red) are used to encode the width and height of the image.
What is the best term for this type of "data about the data"?
Megadata
Superdata
Metadata
Predata
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