Overt favoritism toward native-born Americans. This movement gave rise to anti-immigrant groups and led to a demand for immigration restrictions.

Under the Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907–1908, Japan’s government agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers to the United States in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order.

This simply describes the growth of cities.

Designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominant culture.

A type of multifamily urban housing that was often unsanitary and crowded.

Subways and streetcars were major innovations in Mass Transit that dramatically impacted cities.

Preached salvation through service to the poor. Inspired by the message many 19th-century reformers responded to the call to help the urban poor.

Community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area, especially immigrants.

One of the most influential members of the Social Gospel movement, along with Ellen Gates Starr founded Chicago’s Hull House in 1889.

An organized group that controlled the activities of a political party is called a Civil Service.

The illegal use of political influence for personal gain, often used by Political Machines.

Leader of Tammany Hall, one of New York's most powerful political machines in the 1860's.

Patronage is the giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected.

This simply just means Government Administration.

Republican elected in 1876 who made Civil Service reform a top priority in his administration.

Republican elected in 1880, he angered the Stalwarts by giving reformers most of his patronage jobs once he was elected. In 1881 he was shot and killed as he walked through the Washington D.C. train station.

Assumed the office of the Presidency in 1881 after the death of James Garfield. A Republican who surprised many people by also becoming a reformer once in office.

Democrat who won the 1884 election, first Democratic victory in 28 years, he attempted to lower tariffs (taxes) but never received congressional support.

Republican who defeated Grover Cleveland in 1888, once in office he signed the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890, which raised tariffs on manufactured goods to their highest level yet.

The Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 authorized a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on candidates’ performance on an examination.