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Biology
9th -
12thgrade
Unit 2 Cell Structure and Function AP Biology
58 questions
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- 1. Multiple ChoiceWhich is true of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.Eukaryotic cells do not have nuclei, and prokaryotic cells do have nuclei.Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.Eukaryotic cells are simpler than prokaryotic cells.
- 2. Multiple ChoiceWhere is the DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?floating around in the cytoplasmin the nucleusin the ribosomesattached to the cell membrane
- 3. Multiple Choice
Membrane-bound organelles have been an
important component in the evolution of complex,
multicellular organisms. Which of the following
best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells
having internal membranes?
Eukaryotic cells are able to reproduce faster because of the presence of organelles.
Some organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are similar to prokaryotic cells in structure.
Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.
Compartmentalization leads to a higher mutation rate in DNA, which leads to more new species.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following depicts the most probable pathway of processing and packaging a secretory protein within a eukaryotic cell?
Secretory vesicles → rough endoplasmic
reticulum → Golgi body → cell membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi body
→ secretory vesicles → cell membrane
Golgi body → secretory vesicles → rough
endoplasmic reticulum → cell membrane
Secretory vesicles → Golgi body → rough
endoplasmic reticulum → cell membrane
- 5. Multiple Choice
Dialysis tubing is permeable to water molecules but not to sucrose. Four dialysis tubes are half filled with 5 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, and 40 percent sucrose solutions, respectively, and two dialysis tubes are half filled with distilled water. The dialysis tubes are all sealed at both ends, and the initial masses are determined. Five dialysis tubes are placed into beakers containing distilled water, and the sixth dialysis tube, containing distilled water, is placed into a 40 percent sucrose solution. The masses of the dialysis tubes are recorded at 30-minute intervals for 90 minutes, as shown in the table above. The contents of which dialysis tube are initially isotonic to the distilled water in the beaker?
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- 6. Multiple Choice
Dialysis tubing is permeable to water molecules but not to sucrose. Four dialysis tubes are half filled with 5 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, and 40 percent sucrose solutions, respectively, and two dialysis tubes are half filled with distilled water. The dialysis tubes are all sealed at both ends, and the initial masses are determined. Five dialysis tubes are placed into beakers containing distilled water, and the sixth dialysis tube, containing distilled water, is placed into a 40 percent sucrose solution. The masses of the dialysis tubes are recorded at 30-minute intervals for 90 minutes, as shown in the table above. A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?
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- 7. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement is correct about diffusion?It's very rapid over long distances.It's a passive process which molecules move from a region of higher to lower concentration.It requires an energy expenditure by the cell.It's an active process where molecules move from a region of lower to higher concentration.
- 8. Multiple ChoiceProkaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are they?Bacteria & ProtistaBacteria & ArchaeaBacteria & EukaryaArchaea & Protista
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhich structure is common to plant and animal cells?central vacuolechloroplastwall made of cellulosemitochondrion
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increasesthe difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhite blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?pinocytosisosmosisphagocytosisexocytosis
- 12. Multiple ChoiceA patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water-equal to the volume of blood lost-is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells.The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
- 13. Multiple ChoiceLarge numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?glycogencelluloseproteinslipids
- 14. Multiple ChoiceThe movement of potassium into an animal cell requiresan energy source such as ATPlow cellular concentrations of sodiuma cotransport proteinhigh cellular concentrations of potassium
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?CO2an amino acidstarchglucose
- 16. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell excepta plasma membraneDNAan endoplasmic reticulumribosomes
- 17. Multiple ChoiceWhen a plant cell, such as one from a tulip stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?The cell membrane will lyse.The cell will burst.The cell will become turgid.Plasmolysis will shrink the interior.
- 18. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following MOST accurately explains the proximity of the Golgi apparatus to the RER and the cell membrane?The Golgi apparatus needs to be close to teh RER so that it can modify the lipids that are produced by the RER before they will be exported from the cell. The Golgi will further modify the lipids and then create vesicles that will fuse with the cell membrane to efficiently excrete the products.The Golgi apparatus is close to the RER so that it can properly translate the proteins as directed by the DNA instructions received by the RER from the nucleus. The Golgi apparatus is close to the RER so translation can take place quickly. Once the proteins are produced, they can be sent out of the cell by fusing with the cell membrane.The Golgi apparatus is close to the cell membrane so it can fuse with the vesicles or imported materials. This allows the Golgi apparatus to quickly break down the imported materials so they can be sent to the RER for further processing. The RER will use the imported materials to make proteins for the cell.The Golgi apparatus needs to be close to the RER as it receives proteins that have been produced and modified by the RER that will be exported from the cell. Once the contents of the vesicles are received from the RER and move through the Golgi apparatus, they are then excreted from the Golgi apparatus via vesicles that will fuse with the cell membrane for export out of the cell. The closeness of these organelles is directly related to the needs of the cell to export material efficiently.
- 19. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?diffusionfacilitated diffusionosmosisendocytosis
- 20. Multiple ChoiceA HYPERTONIC solution has a _____ concentration of solute than the interior of the cell and a cell will ______ when placed into this solution.lower; shrinklower; swellhigher; shrinkhigher; swell
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of transport is this?EndocytosisDiffusionExocytosisOsmosis
- 22. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of organelle is used during endocytosis and exocytosis?Endoplasmic ReticulumGolgi BodyVesicleLysosome
- 23. Multiple ChoiceWhat is plasmolysis?Pulling away of the plant cell membrane as it loses water in a hypertonic solution.Pulling away of the animal cell membrane as it undergoes osmosis.An increase in turgor pressure as the cell undergoes osmosis.Contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of gaining water.
- 24. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the approximate sucrose concentration in the potato core?.43 M.30 M0.0 M1.0 M
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following would not increase the fluidity of the plasma membrane?warmer temperaturesunsaturated fatty acid tailscholesterolsaturated fatty acid tails
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following solutions was hypotonic to the potato core cells?.43 M.30 M0.0 M1.0 M
- 27. Multiple ChoiceWhat are the carbohydrates in the cell membrane for?to form channels and pumpsto help cells identify one anotherto make the membrane strongTo select which substances can pass through the membrane
- 28. Multiple ChoiceThe cell below is in a _________ solution.HypotonicHypertonicIsotonicSupertonic
- 29. Multiple ChoiceTwo subunits made of RNA and protein. Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.chromatinribosomescentriolesnucleolus
- 30. Multiple ChoiceContain ribosomesnucleusvacuoleslysosomechloroplasts
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these is NOT a membrane bound organelle?lysosomeribosomemitochondriachloroplast
- 32. Multiple ChoiceIf aquaporins are injected into the membranes of epithelial cells that line blood vessels,the flow of Na+ through aquaporins will increasethe intracellular concentration of K+ will increasethe membranes will become more permeable to waterthe electrical properties of the cells will be altered
- 33. Multiple ChoiceIn a hypothetical study, cells are placed in a solution of glucose in which the concentration of glucose is gradually increased. At first, the rate at which glucose enters the cells is found to increase as the concentration of the glucose solution is increased. But when the glucose concentration of the solution is increased above 10 M, the rate no longer increases. Which of the following is the likely mechanism for glucose transport into these cells?Facilitated diffusion via a carrier proteinFacilitated diffusion via a channel proteinPinocytosisTertiary active transport
- 34. Multiple ChoiceEndoplasmic Reticulum:/ERThe smallest organelle with a huge job / Makes proteins, which are the building blocks of the body.A folded membrane that moves materials around inside cells / Also acts as the site of manufacturing materials needed by the cell.A small sack that stores water and food until the cell needs it / Stores waste temporarily until the cell gets rid of it.The protective outer layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
- 35. Multiple ChoiceLysosome:The smallest organelle with a huge job / Makes proteins, which are the building blocks of the body.Small sacks with pores / Contains digestive enzymes that get rid of waste, worn-out cell parts, and captured invaders.Bean-shaped organelle filled with folded membranes / Breaks down glucose to release energy for cell functionsStacks of pancake-like membranes that package materials to ship out of the cell.
- 36. Multiple ChoiceProkaryotic cella cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes achaea and bacteriaa cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organellesthe idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
- 37. Multiple ChoiceEukaryotic Cella cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organellesa cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes achaea and bacteriathe idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
- 38. Multiple ChoiceWhat 4 structures are common between plant, animal, and bacterial cells?Golgi Apparatus, Chloroplasts, Ribosomes, NucleusCell Wall, Mitochondria, Cell Membrane, CytoplasmRough ER, Smooth ER, Nucleus, RibosomesDNA, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Cell membrane
- 39. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement about cholesterol molecules is true?They help hold a membrane together.They alter the fluidity of the membrane.They attach to carbohydrates.They disrupt membrane function.
- 40. Multiple ChoiceA protein that forms an ion channel through a membrane is most likelya peripheral membrane proteina phospholipidan enzyme.a transmembrane protein
- 41. Multiple ChoiceThe difference between osmosis and diffusion is thatdiffusion is passive transport, whereas osmosis is active transportonly in diffusion do molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentrationosmosis is the opposite of diffusion and only involves the movement of waterosmosis refers specifically to the movement of water, whereas diffusion refers to the movement of any type of molecules
- 42. Multiple ChoiceA saltwater snail is placed in freshwater. What happens to its cells?They shrinkThey swellNothing happens
- 43. Multiple ChoiceHydrophobic region of the cell membrane?EBCA
- 44. Multiple ChoiceA HYPOTONIC solution has a ______ concentration of solute than the cell and the cell will _____ when placed into a hypotonic solution.lower; swelllower; shrinkhigher; swellhigher; shrink
- 45. Multiple ChoiceA HYPERTONIC solution has a _____ concentration of solute than the interior of the cell and a cell will ______ when placed into this solution.lower; shrinklower; swellhigher; shrinkhigher; swell
- 46. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following supports the Endosymbiotic Theory?cells produce their own proteinsglycolysis is common to all cellsmitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomeschloroplasts developed from enfoldings of the cell membrane
- 47. Multiple ChoiceResearchers inserted pieces of membrane with aquaporins into frog eggs and placed the eggs into a hypotonic solution. What did they observe?The aquaporins started to pump out waterThe eggs started to pump out Na+ to draw out waterThe eggs started to swell rapidly as water diffused insideThe aquaporins started to pump in water
- 48. Multiple ChoiceActive transport is happening inABCD nowhere in this pricture
- 49. Multiple ChoiceWhat is found in both plant and animal cells but is much larger in plant cells?NucleusMitochondriaChloroplastVacuole
- 50. Multiple ChoiceSpecial proteins help move particles, but NO energy is needed. This is..facilitated diffusionexocytosisactive transportequilibrium
- 51. Multiple ChoiceWhat kind of cells have a cell wall?Plants and AnimalsAnimalsPlantsPlants and Bacteria
- 52. Multiple ChoiceIncreases the fluidity of the plasma membranemore saturated fatty acidsmore unsaturated fatty acidsmore cholesterolmore integral proteins
- 53. Multiple ChoiceVacuole:A gel-like material that streams through the cell holding all the other organelles / Also stores chemicals needed for cell processes.The smallest organelle with a huge job / Makes proteins, which are the building blocks of the body.A small sack that stores water and food until the cell needs it / Stores waste temporarily until the cell gets rid of it.Stacks of pancake-like membranes that package materials to ship out of the cell.
- 54. Multiple ChoiceMitochondrionStacks of pancake-like membranes that package materials to ship out of the cell.Small sacks with pores / Contains digestive enzymes that get rid of waste, worn-out cell parts, and captured invaders.(plural is Mitochondria): Bean-shaped organelle filled with folded membranes / Breaks down glucose to release energy for cell functionsThe protective outer layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
- 55. Multiple ChoiceRibosomesa part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproductionnon membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis;found in eukaryotes and porkaryotesSystem of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasmAn endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.
- 56. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following can easily pass through the cell membrane?Large moleculesIonsHydrophilic moleculesHydrophobic molecules
- 57. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following CANNOT pass through the cell membrane?IonsHydrophobic moleculesSmall particlesDon't pick this one
- 58. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following contains the highest water potential?ABCD
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