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- 1. Multiple Choice
Is a mushroom growing from the ground living, nonliving, or once alive?LivingNonlivingOne aliveNone of the above - 2. Multiple ChoiceIs a plant living, nonliving, or once alive?All of the aboveLivingNonlivingOnce alive
- 3. Multiple ChoiceIs a mummy living, nonliving, or once alive?LivingNonlivingOnce aliveNone of the above
- 4. Multiple ChoiceIs lightning living, nonliving, or once alive?LivingNonlivingOnce aliveNone of the above
- 5. Multiple ChoiceIs bacteria living, nonliving, or once alive?LivingNonlivingOnce aliveNone of the above
- 6. Multiple ChoiceHow do we know that coral is alive?It grows.It reproduces.It uses energy.All of the above.
- 7. Multiple ChoiceHow do we know that a seed is alive?It grows and develops.It comes from the Earth.It has a protective shell.They are often carried by the wind.
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhat does it mean for something to maintain stable homeostasis?The thing consumes energy in order to survive.The thing maintains a balance with its external environment (temperature, for example).The thing grows and develops over an extended period of time.The thing is made up cells, which give it structure and balance.
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhat does it mean for an organism (living thing) to respond to external stimulus?The organism moves, reacts, or somehow utilizes resources from the external environment.The organism uses energy from the environment, like solar energy, to create food for itself.The organism becomes afraid when a predator appears nearby and flees.All of the above.
- 10. Multiple ChoiceAntibodies...destroy body cellsdestroy toxinsmake pathogens stick togetherdestroy particular viruses and bacteria
- 11. Multiple Choice
A vaccine contains...
cow pox
a small amount of the pathogen that is weakened or dead
a large amount of the pathogen
small pox
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhat do antibodies do?bind and flag infectious agentsdestroys infectious agentsrecognizes infectious agents
- 13. Multiple ChoiceWhich best describes the relationship between antibodies and antigens?Antibodies are specific to one antigenAntigens are produced in response to antibodiesOne antibody can affect several different antigensImmunity develops when an antigen destroys an antibody.
- 14. Multiple ChoiceAntibodies are specific (acts on) oneAntigenwhite blood cellred blood cellsvirus
- 15. Multiple ChoiceThe resistance to specific pathogens, or disease-causing agents is called _________.spleenlymphatic systemanitbodiesimmunity
- 16. Multiple ChoiceHIV is an example of what kind of transmission?BloodborneWaterborneAirborne
- 17. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the scientific term for spreading a disease?PassingCatchingTransmittingGiving
- 18. Multiple ChoiceWhat is one way a pathogen can enter the body?NoseMouthBroken SkinAll of the Aove
- 19. Multiple ChoiceWhat do white blood cells do?Seek out and kill all living tissueSeek out and kill pathogensTransport food around the bodyRepair cuts and injuries
- 20. Multiple ChoiceAntibiotics are used to treatvirusesbacteriaboth viruses and bacteriafungal infections, only
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?carbohydratessunlightwatercarbon
- 22. Multiple ChoiceThis is an image of a _________.consumerscavengerdecomposerproducer
- 23. Multiple ChoiceAn illustration that uses arrows to show the many possible directions in which matter and energy can pass through the organisms in an ecosystem.Food chainFood webEnergy PyramidSuccession Map
- 24. Multiple ChoicePart of the earth that living organisms inhabitbiospherebiomenicheecosystem
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhat role do these organisms play in their ecosystem as they break down matter?producerprimary consumersecondary consumerdecomposer
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the first thing that would happen in this food chain if the grass died?
Sun -> Grass -> Mouse -> Snake -> HawkThe snake population would increasethe mouse population would increasethe mouse population would decreasethe hawk population would decrease - 27. Multiple ChoiceHow many carnivores are shown in this food web?6453
- 28. Multiple ChoiceThe main human activity that releases greenhouse gases is:using bottled waterburning fossil fuelstexting on cellphoneseating meat
- 29. Multiple Choice
An organism's particular role in the community
niche
habitat
environment
community
- 30. Multiple Choice
The movement of molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration without
the use of energy
diffusion
active transport
photosynthesis
mitosis
- 31. Multiple Choice
The production of genetically identical organisms.
cloning
meiosis
gene splicing
sexual reproduction
- 32. Multiple Choice
The maximum number of organisms that an ecosystem
can support without deteriorating
carrying capacity
exponential growth
mitosis
photosynthesis
- 33. Multiple Choice
A monosaccharide that is the primary source of cellular energy in most organisms. It is one of the basic building blocks of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
glucose
starch
lipids
amino acids
- 34. Multiple Choice
Openings in the lower epidermis of the leaf which allows gases to be exchanged between the plant tissues and the atmosphere.
stomates
guard cells
chloroplasts
mitochondria
- 35. Multiple Choice
A nonliving, physical factor that limits the type of organisms that can exist in a particular ecosystem.
limiting factor
trees
bacteria
viruses
- 36. Multiple Choice
A protein that speeds up the rate of biochemical reactions; an organic catalyst.
enzyme
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
- 37. Multiple Choice
The copying of the exact base sequence of the DNA.
replication
meiosis
sexual reproduction
fertilization
- 38. Multiple Choice
The cells of the blood that contain the red pigment hemoglobin which aids in the transport of oxygen
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma
- 39. Multiple Choice
An organic compound made of amino acids.
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
lipid
- 40. Multiple ChoiceStudents in a science class took their pulse rates before and after they ran in place for one minute. The class data showed that pulse rates increased with exercise. A graph of the data would look most like (SEE DIAGRAM)1234
- 41. Multiple ChoiceWhich substance is an inorganic molecule?waterstarchDNAfat
- 42. Multiple ChoiceWhich substance is an organic molecule?wateroxygenstarch
- 43. Multiple ChoiceCaffeine is a compound found in the seeds of many different plants, such as coffee beans, cola nuts, and cacao beans (the source of chocolate). The presence of this chemical in all three types of plants suggests that these plantsinherited identical mutationsshare a common ancestrywere exposed to the same type of radiation in the pastwere cloned from a caffeine plant
- 44. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement explains the importance of maintaining a constant internal environment to ensure proper enzyme functioning?Changes in pH and temperature will cause the enzyme reaction rate to be too fast.Temperature and pH determine amino acid sequences in enzymesChanges in pH will change the genetic instructions of enzymesIncreasing the temperature and pH can alter the specific shape of enzymes.
- 45. Multiple ChoiceIn RNA, Uracil pairs with ______.cytosineadenineguaninethymine
- 46. Multiple Choice
When making a DNA Fingerprint, the gel electrophoresis machine filters the DNA by size. Which fragments make it further down in the gel?
smaller
larger
codons
anticodons
- 47. Multiple ChoiceWhat process is being shown in this image?VariationNatural SelectionSelective BreedingHomeostasis
- 48. Multiple ChoiceThe average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?lower levels of ozone in the atmospherelower levels of nitrogen in the atmospherehigher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmospherehigher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere
- 49. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of symbiosis? Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.commensalismmutualismparasitismpredation
- 50. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of symbiosis? Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.commensalismmutualismparasitismpredation
- 51. Multiple ChoiceIn the energy pyramid below, which organism has the least amount of energy available?ProducersHerbivoresCarnivoresTop Predator
- 52. Multiple ChoiceExamples of how humans negatively affect local ecosystems areBuilding dams, deforestation (cutting down trees), adding point sources to nearby streams to allow for run-off, building roads and structures, and salting roads.Creating laws to prohibit fishing from local streams.Planting trees and other plants to attract native species.Removing non-native species from the environment.
- 53. Multiple ChoiceA __________ includes all living and non-living things in an environment.populationnicheabitoticecosystem
- 54. Multiple ChoiceWhich process and type of resulting cells are represented?mitosis, gametesmitosis, body cellsmeiosis, gametesmeiosis, body cells
- 55. Multiple ChoiceWhat is a disadvantage to asexual reproduction?It produces more offspringIt produces fewer offspringThey are all the same and do not have diversityThey are all different and have diversity
- 56. Multiple ChoiceThe main purpose of mitosis is forgrowth only.tissue repair only.growth and tissue repair.neither growth nor tissue repair
- 57. Multiple ChoiceHow much DNA do you receive from one parent in sexual reproduciton25%50%75%100%
- 58. Multiple ChoiceHow much DNA do you receive from one parent in asexual reproduction?25%50%75%100%
- 59. Multiple ChoiceWhat is a change in an organism that allows for it to survive in its environment?homologousvestigialvariationadaptation
- 60. Multiple ChoiceWhat is another name for natural selection?survival of the smartestsurvival of the fastestsurvival of the biggestsurvival of the fittest
- 61. Multiple ChoiceWhich organelle is DNA usually found in?cell membranevacuolechloroplastnucleus
- 62. Multiple ChoiceUses energy from the sun to make food for the plant.Cell WallCell MembraneChloroplastsVacuole
- 63. Multiple ChoiceBreaks down food to release energy. Known as the power plant of the cell.Endoplasmic ReticulumMitochondriaRibosomesCell Wall
- 64. Multiple ChoiceThe part of the cell that is used for storage.NucleusCell MembraneMitochondriaVacuole
- 65. Multiple ChoiceActs like a subway system, carrying protein through the cell.Golgi ApparatusNuclear MembraneRibosomesEndoplasmic Reticulum
- 66. Multiple ChoiceThe part of the cell that makes protein.VacuolesRibosomesGolgi ApparatusCytoplasm
- 67. Multiple ChoiceThe clear, jelly-like material in a cell that supports and protects the cell’s organelles.CytoplasmCell MembraneNucleusMitochondria
- 68. Multiple ChoiceAn organism has 16 chromosomes in its skin cell. How many chromosomes are in its heart cells?1632864
- 69. Multiple ChoiceAsexual reproductionMitosisMeiosis
- 70. Multiple ChoiceTwo identical cells are producedMitosisMeiosis
- 71. Multiple Choice
Creates sperm and eggs
Mitosis
Meiosis
- 72. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the correct order from oldest (happened first) to youngest (happened last) in this pond succession?A, B, C, DD, C, B, AB, A, D, CC, D, A, B
- 73. Multiple ChoiceWhat is one advantage of sexual reproduction?offspring are identical to parentsoffspring are resistant to virusesoffspring are born live, rather thna from eggsoffspring inherit a wider variety of genetic information
- 74. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the name given to lichen or algae after a primary succession?pioneer speciesvolunteer speciesfounder speciesconqueror species
- 75. Multiple Choice
Which biome has the most biodiversity?
Temperate Forest
Rainforest
Tundra
Grasslands
- 76. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the main factor that separates the biomes?LandWaterClimateLongitude
- 77. Multiple ChoiceA collection of organisms that make up a community as well as all of the nonliving aspects of the environment.PopulationCommunityHabitatEcosystem
- 78. Multiple ChoiceWater temperature would be an example of ...A biotic factorAn abiotic factor
- 79. Multiple ChoiceWater temperature would be an example of ...A biotic factorAn abiotic factor
- 80. Multiple ChoiceThe living portions of the ecosystem.Biotic factorsAbiotic factors
- 81. Multiple ChoiceThe image provided is an example of a(n):ProducerAutotrophConsumerInsect
- 82. Multiple ChoiceThe image provided is an example of a(n):CarnivoreHerbivoreProducerAutotroph
- 83. Multiple ChoiceWhat does a food web represent?All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.A single pathway or energy flow between organisms.How carnivores get their food.
- 84. Multiple ChoiceThe movement of materials throughout and organism is calledrespirationtransportmetabolismdigestion
- 85. Multiple ChoiceThe tendency of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment or "steady state" is calledhomeostasisregulationmetabolismexcretion
- 86. Multiple ChoiceThe process of taking in and breaking down food into more usable parts is known asdigestionrespirationingestionexcretion
- 87. Multiple Choice
Small molecules are combined to form larger molecules by the process of
regulation
synthesis
excretion
transport
- 88. Multiple ChoiceThe process by which organisms maintain homeostasis is known assynthesisregulationrespirationdigestion
- 89. Multiple ChoiceWhat form of energy is required for photosynthesis?sunlightelectricgas
- 90. Multiple Choice
What gas is produced during photosynthesis?
CO2
O2
- 91. Multiple Choice
What is the energy that is produced through cellular respiration?
CTP
ATP
Light Energy
Glucose
- 92. Multiple Choice
What type of gas is required for photosynthesis?
O2
CO2
- 93. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of foods do we get energy from?sugarscarbsglucoseall of the above
- 94. Multiple ChoiceAn organism that produces its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)heterotrophconsumerdetritivoreautotroph
- 95. Multiple ChoiceAnything that helps an animal survive in its environment.counter-shadingmimicryadaptationcamouflage
- 96. Multiple ChoiceWhich is a true statement?All microorganisms are harmful.All microorganisms are beneficial.Some microorganisms are harmful while others are beneficial.Microorganisms are beneficial only to humans.
- 97. Multiple ChoiceOrganisms that feed on both living producers and other consumers.CarnivoresOmnivoresHerbivoresDetritivores
- 98. Multiple ChoiceA collection of organisms that make up a community as well as all of the nonliving aspects of the environment.PopulationCommunityHabitatEcosystem
- 99. Multiple ChoiceDisease-causing microorganism, such as a bacterium or virus.pathogenallergenprionantigen
- 100. Multiple Choice
Differences and variety in the organisms and their roles
in an ecosystem
biodiversity
cloning
monoculture
bottleneck effect
- 101. Multiple Choice
The fertilized egg.
zygote
gamete
sex cell
infant
- 102. Multiple ChoiceThe process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______translationtranscriptionreplication
- 103. Multiple ChoiceRNA is read in sections called:TripletsGenesCodonsGenes
- 104. Multiple ChoiceThe process by which humans choose a plant or animal to breed based on specific traits.AdaptationHybridSelective BreedingArtificial Fertilization
- 105. Multiple ChoiceAn error in DNA copying that results in a new traitHomeostasisMutationNatural SelectionSelective Breeding
- 106. Multiple Choicethe process by which a new community forms where no community lived beforeresourceinvasive (non- native) speciesprimary successioncompetition
- 107. Multiple ChoiceWhich organism make their own food through the process of photosynthesis?decomposerconsumerherbivoreproducer
- 108. Multiple ChoiceThis variable in an experiment is the one being deliberately changed by the scientist.dependent variableindependent variabledatacontrol group
- 109. Multiple ChoiceMeiosis produces ___________ while mitosis produces __________.Sex cells, body cellsBody cells, sex cells
- 110. Multiple ChoiceAn organism has 20 chromosomes in its skin cell. How many chromosomes are in its gamete cells?20104015
- 111. Multiple ChoiceThe nonliving aspects of an ecosystem.Abiotic factorsBiotic factors
- 112. Multiple ChoiceAn organism that produces its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)heterotrophconsumerdetritivoreautotroph
- 113. Multiple ChoiceLivingNon-living
- 114. Multiple ChoiceLivingNon-Living
- 115. Multiple ChoiceLivingNon-living
- 116. Multiple ChoiceLivingNon-living
- 117. Multiple Choice
Humans have an effect on ecosystems when they use native grasslands or forested areas for farming or urban use. One negative effect of these changes on the ecosystem is that there will be
Less biodiversity
More homes
Successful economic growth
Increased food production
- 118. Multiple Choice
Based on this information, which ecosystem is likely to be the most stable?
A
B
C
D
- 119. Multiple Choice
The organisms represented by X are
Decomposes
Producers
Carnivores
Scavengers
- 120. Multiple Choice
When Rena got home from Aliyah's house all the lights in the house were off. She went and turned on the light switch, but the lights wouldn't come on. Then, she went to the kitchen to make some popcorn, but the microwave wouldn't work. After that, she went to watch TV but she couldn't turn it on. The house was getting darker as the night went on. Rena's mom decided it was time to get out the candles so there was some light in the house.
What can you infer about Rena's situation?
Rena went to the wrong light switch.
The batteries are out in Rena's house.
Rena's power is out.
Rena is in a haunted house.
- 121. Multiple ChoicePeople buy more drinks on ____ than any other day.MondayTuesdayThursdayFriday
- 122. Multiple ChoiceWhen was the greatest amount of shoppers at the store?10am1pm6pm2pm
- 123. Multiple Choice
What is the definition of 'explain'?
Something that proves that a claim is true or valid
True and provable piece of information
To make clear with sufficient reasons of details
To create or write
- 124. Multiple Choice
There are two cats napping.
Is this an observation, inference, or hypothesis?
Observation
Inference
Hypothesis
- 125. Multiple Choice
Does the brand of shoes affect the jumping height?
Which hypothesis is incorrect?
If the subject wears Adidas, then the subject will jump the lowest.If the subject wears high heels, then the subject will jump the highest.If the subject wears Jordan, then the subject will jump the highest.If the subject wears Nike, then the subject will jump the lowest. - 126. Multiple ChoiceThe statement based on repeated experimental observations that describe why the universe works under certain conditions is known as:scientific lawscientific theoryscientific problemscientific investigation
- 127. Multiple ChoiceHow many variables can be tested in a controlled experiment?onetwothreeas many as possible
- 128. Multiple ChoiceAn experiment is conducted to test how different cleats change an athletes running speed. Six different types of cleats are tested and the 100m run time is recorded. What is the independent variable?The type of cleatThe run timeThe 100 metersThe athlete
- 129. Multiple ChoiceA test is set up to test which brand of soda creates the biggest foam explosion when adding a Mentos candy. Three different sodas were tested. They measured the height of the foam eruption. What is the dependent variable?Brand of sodaNumber of mentos candies usedHeight of foam eruptionTemperature of soda
- 130. Multiple ChoiceResearch Question: Does the type of gasoline put in a car effect how fast the car can drive? What is the independent variable?Type of gasolinewhich car the gas is put intohow fast the car can drivehow much gas is put into the car
- 131. Multiple ChoiceThe yard is wet so it must have rained last night is an example of a (an)constantcontrolinferencequantitative data
- 132. Multiple ChoiceThings that stay the same throughout the whole experiment are calledcontrolsdependent variablesindependent variablesconstants
- 133. Multiple Choice
A student performed an experiment that tested how many days it takes different types of grass seed to grow to a height of two inches. Four types of grass seed were tested, and the student recorded the number of days for each type to grow. Use this information to answer the next question.
What should be held constant in this experiment?
amount of sunlight, amount of water, and type of soil
amount of sunlight
amount of water and type of soil
amount of water
- 134. Multiple Choice
A possible explanation for why something happens is called ___.
a variable
an experiment
a hypothesis
an assumption
- 135. Multiple Choice
A student is studying the effect of sunlight on plants. The student developed this hypothesis: Plants need light to make food and to grow properly. To conduct a controlled experiment, which method should she use?
Choose two identical plants; put one in the dark and one near sunlight; use the same amount of water; water both regularly
Choose a healthy plant; put it in a dark place; use clean water; water the plant regularly.
Choose two identical plants; put each in the dark for 12 hours and then light for 12 hours; use the same amount of water; water both regularly.
Choose three identical plants; put one in the dark, one near sunlight, and one in the shade, water only the plant in light.
- 136. Multiple ChoiceWhat factor is not changed in an experiment?temperatureindependent variabledependent variablecontrol
- 137. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?carbohydrateslipidsnucleic acidsproteins
- 138. Multiple ChoiceWhat element must be present for a molecule to be considered organic?nitrogenwaterhydrogencarbon
- 139. Multiple ChoiceThe 4 macromolecules arevitamins, lipids, water, micronutrientsmicronutrients, macronutrients, water, vitaminsLipids, Waxes, Vitamin A, WaterCarbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
- 140. Multiple ChoiceWhich is not a chemical element needed to build sugars?CarbonOxygenNitrogenHydrogen
- 141. Multiple ChoiceThe phospholipid bilayer comprises what part of the cell?cytoplasmcell membranecytoskeletonnuclear membrane
- 142. Multiple ChoiceThe phospholipid bilayer comprises what part of the cell?cytoplasmcell membranecytoskeletonnuclear membrane
- 143. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following are lipids except __________ear waxsaturated fatscholesterolstarch
- 144. Multiple Choice_ is/are used to build and repair muscle.carbohydratesfiberproteinfat
- 145. Multiple Choice_ is/are used to build and repair muscle.carbohydratesfiberproteinfat
- 146. Multiple ChoiceWhat are all of the chemical reactions that occur within an
organism referred to?EnzymesMacromoleculesMetabolismActivation Energy - 147. Multiple ChoiceAmino Acids:are a type of marinade.help transport fats in the body.are the building blocks from which proteins are made.are only found in plants.
- 148. Multiple ChoiceREVIEW: A scientist analyzing an unknown substance has determined that it consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. During experimentation, she determines that the substance is soluble in oil but not in water. Which of the following macromolecules is the unknown substance most likely to be?carbohydratenucleic acidlipidprotein
- 149. Multiple ChoiceREVIEW: Which of the four major biological macromolecules can be easily identified by the nitrogen base found in its structure?CarbohydrateProteinLipidNucleic Acid
- 150. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following tasks listed below is most associated with enzymes?catalyze chemical reactionsstore genetic informationstore chemical energy in the celldissolve nutrients and minerals
- 151. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the name for the mechanism of enzyme activity?Lock and keyjigsaw puzzlehammer and nailtwo hands pattern
- 152. Multiple ChoiceHomeostasisallows for a wildly fluctuating internal environmentis impossible in vertebratesis the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulationis the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
- 153. Multiple ChoiceWhich is the largest structure?CellsTissueOrganOrganism
- 154. Multiple ChoiceEnzymes are composed of what organic molecule?SugarsDNAProteinsFatty Acids
- 155. Multiple ChoiceWhat molecule should a bear eat the most before hibernating?carbohydrateslipidsproteinsnucleic acid
- 156. Multiple ChoiceA student wants to test the effects of different types of exercise on heart rate. What is the dependent variable?heart ratetype of exerciseamount of exercisetime of day exercise occurs
- 157. Multiple ChoiceWhich diagram represents an organ?#1#2#3#4
- 158. Multiple Choice
Which body system controls the body to maintain homeostasis?
excretory
nervous
circulatory
skeletal
- 159. Multiple ChoiceThe instructions for the traits of an organism are coded in the arrangement of(1) glucose units in carbohydrate molecules(2) bases in DNA in the nucleus(3) fat molecules in the cell membrane(4) energy rich molecules in starch molecules
- 160. Multiple ChoiceA function of cell membranes in humans is thesynthesis of the amino acidsproduction of energyreplication of genetic materialrecognition of certain chemicals
- 161. Multiple ChoiceOne characteristic of all living things is that theydevelop organ systemsproduce identical offspringmaintain internal stabilitysynthesize only inorganic matter
- 162. Multiple ChoiceWhich two cell structures work together in the process of protein synthesis?nucleus and chloroplastribosome and vacuolenucleus and ribosomemitochondria and cell membrane
- 163. Multiple ChoiceCertain poisons are toxic to organisms because they interfere with the function of enzymes in mitochondria. This results directly in the inability of the cell tostore informationbuild proteinsrelease energy from nutrientsdispose of metabolic wastes
- 164. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the main function of a vacuole in a cell?storagecoordinationsynthesis of moleculesrelease of energy
- 165. Multiple ChoiceA student conducted an original, well-designed experiment, carefully following proper scientific procedure. In order for the conclusions to become generally accepted, the experiment must(1) contain several experimental variables(2) be repeated to verify the reliability of the data(3) support the original hypothesis(4) be conducted by a scientist
- 166. Multiple ChoiceA similarity between humans and many other multicellular animals is that theyoccupy the same niche in most food websare composed of organ systemshave the same DNA sequencescarry out autotrophic nutrition
- 167. Multiple ChoiceThe energy used to obtain, transfer, and transport materials within an organism comes directly fromATPDNAsunlightstarch
- 168. Multiple ChoiceThe analysis of data gathered during a particular experiment is necessary in order to(1) formulate a hypothesis for that experiment(2) develop a research plan for the experiment(3) design a control for the experiment(4) draw a valid conclusion for that experiment
- 169. Multiple Choice
Which two systems work together to maintain homeostasis while transporting oxygen throughout the body and removing carbon dioxide?
circulatory and respiratory
respiratory and excretory
circulatory and digestive
respiratory and digestive
- 170. Multiple Choice
Which organs make up the circulatory system?
the heart, veins, blood vessels
the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
the kidneys, bladder, and ureters
bones
- 171. Multiple Choice
What is the key function of the respiratory system?
digestion of food
allows movement
exchanges gases
processes energy
- 172. Multiple Choice
Producers are generally found at the beginning of a food chain. Which statement best explains why this is true?
Producers are usually smaller in size than consumers.
Producers do not rely on other organisms for food
There are always more consumers than producers in food chains.
Consumers are always more complex organisms than producers.
- 173. Multiple Choice
A lion cub resembles its parents because it inherits genes that produce
DNA identical to all of the DNA found in both parents
proteins identical to all of the proteins found in both parents
ATP identical to some of the ATP found in each parent
enzymes identical to some of the enzymes found in each parent
- 174. Multiple Choice
If body temperature is too high, some blood vessels increase in size and sweat glands will excrete sweat, resulting in a lower body temperature. These changes are an example of
a learned behavior
feedback mechanisms
an inherited disorder
genetic mutations
- 175. Multiple Choice
A farmer grows beans that he sells to local markets. Over a period of 40 years, the farmer has identified the plants that produced the most beans and only used those beans to produce new plants. This procedure is part of the process of
selective breeding
genetic engineering
replication
cloning
- 176. Multiple Choice
Although we rely on coal, oil, and natural gas to produce energy, some environmental scientists have proposed that we use less fossil fuel. One reason to support this proposal is to
enable us to preserve rain forests in tropical areas
help us to reduce the production of carbon dioxide gas
allow us to decrease the use of fertilizers on crops
encourage us to end research on wind and water power sources
- 177. Multiple Choice
The diagram below represents relationships in an ecosystem. What is the primary source of energy in this environment?
cellular respiration in the plants
energy from minerals in the soil
fossil fuels
solar energy
- 178. Multiple Choice
Research has shown that treadmill training increases the number of certain energy-releasing structures in the brain cells of rats.The cellular structures referred to in this study are most likely
mitochondria
nuclei
vacuoles
ribosomes
- 179. Multiple Choice
Which process must first take place in order for the proteins in foods to be used by body cells?
digestion
storage
synthesis
excretion
- 180. Multiple Choice
Which statement is characteristic of reproduction in humans?
The reproductive cells of males and females differ in chromosome number.
Males and females produce gametes in the ovaries.
Males and females produce the same number of gametes.
The reproductive cycles of males and females are regulated by hormones.
- 181. Multiple Choice
Which row in the chart below represents the most likely changes in the atmosphere due to widespread deforestation?
1
2
3
4
- 182. Multiple Choice
Which organisms would most appropriately complete the chart when written in the circle at X?
producers
herbivores
carnivores
decomposers
- 183. Multiple Choice
The diagram below represents the formation of a cancerous growth. Which statement best explains the events represented in this diagram?
A gene mutation caused the cells to become muscle cells.
The growth resulted from the introduction of a vaccine.
A gene mutation caused abnormal mitotic cell division
The growth resulted from uncontrolled meiotic cell division.
- 184. Multiple Choice
A standard laboratory technique used to produce a new plant is represented in the diagram below. This technique is best identified as
gene alteration
selective breeding
replication
cloning
- 185. Multiple Choice
An example of competition between members of two different species is
mold growing on a dead tree that has fallen in the forest
purple loosestrife plants growing in the same wet areas as cattail plants
a coyote feeding on the remains of a deer that died of starvation
two male turkeys displaying mating behaviors to attract a female turkey
- 186. Multiple Choice
Which statement best explains why different body cells of the same individual look and function differently?
Each cell contains different genes
Different genes are activated in different kinds of cells.
Cells are able to change to adapt to their surroundings.
Half of the genes in the cells came from the mother and half from the father.
- 187. Multiple Choice
A diagram of the female reproductive system is shown below. Identify the structure within which the egg cell is normally fertilized.
A
B
C
D
- 188. Multiple Choice
The ameba, a single-celled organism, reproduces asexually. Variations in an ameba would most commonly occur through
differentiation during development
the fusion of gametes
random mutations
recombination during fertilization
- 189. Multiple Choice
The development of organs and tissues from a zygote includes
mitosis and differentiation
mitosis and gamete production
meiosis and gamete production
meiosis and fertilization
- 190. Multiple Choice
In the 1920s, over 25 million acres of the American southern plains were stripped of prairie grasses to provide more land for farmers to grow wheat. The prairie grasses had served to hold the soil in place and prevent erosion. In the early 1930s, a series of severe dust storms eroded topsoil from more than 13 million acres of the southern plains and dumped it as tons of dust particles over many cities in the Northeast. Farmland was destroyed and people were sickened from “dust pneumonia.” This occurrence illustrates that
farmers should never clear land to grow crops as it always creates problems
once an ecosystem has been altered, it can not be restored to normal
the farmers deliberately altered the equilibrium of the cities in the Northeast
when humans alter ecosystems, serious consequences may result
- 191. Multiple Choice
The Cornell University News Service reported, “The sugar maple is the most economically valuable tree in the eastern United States because of its high-priced lumber, syrup and tourist-attracting fall colors.” The effects of acid rain now threaten the survival of these trees. This threat is the result of a human activity that has
introduced a foreign species by accident
stabilized a forest ecosystem through technology
weakened an ecosystem through pollution
weakened a species by direct harvesting
- 192. Multiple Choice
The human male reproductive system is adapted for the production of
sperm and the delivery of these cells for internal fertilization
gametes that transport food to the egg
zygotes and the development of these cells into a fetus
hormones that stimulate placenta formation in the male
- 193. Multiple Choice
The diagram below represents an important biological technique scientists rely on to produce replacement hormones. Which two processes are required for the technique to successfully produce hormones?
replication of DNA in bacterial cells and cell division
replication of DNA in bacterial cells and gamete formation
meiosis and development
mitosis and fertilization
- 194. Multiple Choice
The diagram below summarizes some of the steps in the development of humans. All the genetic information needed for the organism to develop is first present at
A
B
C
D
- 195. Multiple Choice
Five different living organisms are represented below. Which statement about the organisms represented above is correct?
All of the organisms are autotrophs.
Only the flowering plant, green heron, and aquatic plant carry out photosynthesis.
Only the frog and green heron can maintain homeostasis
All of the organisms pass on traits through reproduction.
- 196. Multiple Choice
Mistletoe is an evergreen shrub that can produce most of its own food. Often, mistletoe can be found living on trees and taking water and nutrients away from the tissues of the trees. The relationship between mistletoe and trees is an example of
consumer/herbivore
predator/prey
scavenger/decomposer
parasite/host
- 197. Multiple Choice
Rabbits are not native to Australia. They were imported by European settlers. In 1936, the myxoma virus was introduced into Australia as a means of biological control to infect and reduce the rabbit population. This method of controlling the rabbit population was an attempt to
stop the overpopulation of a native species
stop the overproduction of an introduced species
limit the food sources of the rabbit
limit the number of rabbits brought into the country
- 198. Multiple Choice
The major role of carbohydrates in the human diet is to
form the membranes that surround mitochondria
act as a catalyst for cellular reactions
supply energy for the body
provide building blocks for amino acids
- 199. Multiple Choice
The diagram below represents an energy pyramid. Which type of organism could occupy levels B, C, and D of this energy pyramid?
consumer
producer
autotroph
carnivore
- 200. Multiple Choice
The breathing rate, heart rate, and blood hormone levels of an individual would directly provide information about that individual’s
cellular organization
nutrition
inheritance
metabolic activity
- 201. Multiple Choice
Throughout New York State, some farmers have switched from growing a variety of vegetable crops to growing a single crop, such as corn. Other farmers are concerned that such a practice will make it more likely that an entire crop could be lost to disease or infestation by an insect pest. This is a valid concern because this practice
reduces the biodiversity of their fields
increases the number of decomposers in their fields
decreases the need to import food
increases the number of invasive species
- 202. Multiple ChoiceCell membranes are said to be selectively permeable. Which statement best explains what selectively permeable means?The cell membrane prevents any harmful substance from entering the cell.The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell.The cell membrane has pores that let only water and glucose into the cell and carbon dioxide out.
- 203. Multiple ChoiceBase your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents two solutions, A and B, separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Which statement best describes the outcome after 20 minutes?Solution A will contain approximately the same number of glucose molecules as solution B.Solution A will contain all of the water molecules.Solution B will remain unchanged.Solution B will lose all of the glucose molecules to solution A.
- 204. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram below represents a cell in water. Formulas of molecules that can move freely across the cell membrane are shown. Some molecules are located inside the cell and others are in the water outside the cell.
Based on the distribution of these molecules, what would most likely happen after a period of time?The concentration of O2 will increase inside the cell.The concentration of CO2 will remain the same inside the cell.The concentration of O2 will remain the same outside the cell.The concentration of CO2 will decrease outside the cell. - 205. Multiple ChoiceA substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell whenit is a large organic food molecule such as protein or starchit is enclosed in an organelle such as a vacuolethe concentration of the substance is greater outside the cell than insidethe pH of the substance is greater than the pH of the cellListen
- 206. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram below shows the relative concentration of molecules inside and outside of a cell.
Which statement best describes the general direction of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?Glucose would diffuse into the cell.Protein would diffuse out of the cell.Oxygen would diffuse into the cell.Carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell. - 207. Multiple ChoiceAlthough the digestive system is primarily responsible for the breakdown of food, this process can be disrupted if the circulatory system malfunctions. The best explanation for this disruption is thathuman body systems interact with each other to perform life functionsthe circulatory system is the control center of the bodythe digestive system and the circulatory system have many organs in commonthe circulatory system is responsible for the coordination of life functions, including the breakdown of food
- 208. Multiple ChoiceThe corn we eat today is larger and has more kernels than the corn people first grew thousands of years ago. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have occurred?mitosisdirect harvestingsuccessionselective breeding
- 209. Multiple ChoiceA scientist at a large natural history museum has a collection of fossils that were found throughout the world. Only a few of the fossils represent species that are still alive on Earth today. One reason for this is thatmost of the species that have ever lived on Earth are alive todaymost of the species that have ever lived on Earth are extinctfossils of only extinct species have been foundspecies alive today will not form any fossils for future discovery by scientists
- 210. Multiple ChoiceOver time, data that support the successful evolution of a species would include observations that describean increase in the genetic changes occurring in body cellsa decrease in the genetic variety carried in sex cellsan increase in the proportion of offspring that have favorable characteristicsa decrease in the proportion of the population that has beneficial traits
- 211. Multiple ChoiceThe chart below lists substances involved in the process of photosynthesis.
Which statement best describes how these substances interact in photosynthesis?A and B combine to produce C and D.C and D combine to produce A and B.B and C combine to produce A and D.A and C combine to produce B and D. - 212. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram represents cellular growth that can occur in human skin after prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light.
Which statement provides a possible explanation for this growth pattern?Exposure to light stimulated the development of cells containing ozone.Manipulation of genes caused the movement of embryonic skin cells.Cancer and uncontrolled mitotic division occurred as a result of gene mutations.An immune reaction triggered the formation of excess blood cells. - 213. Multiple ChoiceA towel placed on a lawn for a length of time can cause the grass beneath to lose its green color. the most probable explanation for this is that darknessaffects the expression of certain genes in the grasscauses a mutation in the plantsaffects the structure of cell membranes in the grasscauses plants to switch to heterotrophic nutrition
- 214. Multiple ChoiceThe graph activity of which enzyme decreases in both acidic and basic environments?chymotrypsincholinesterasepepsinpapain
- 215. Multiple ChoiceThe factor most often acting as a selecting agent for the survival of a species in a particular location is thestrength of the organismspeed of the organismnew mutations within the individualenvironment they inhabit
- 216. Multiple ChoiceThe technique used to separate the DNA for analysis isgenetic engineeringchromatographyelectrophoresisprotein synthesis
- 217. Multiple ChoiceA plant was discovered that contained a compound that was found to have potential medicinal value. The chart shows some characteristics of the plant and four possible relatives.
Which plant in the chart would be selected as most similar to the medicinal plant?ABCD - 218. Multiple Choice
What two factors can lead to the evolution of a species over time?
overproduction of offspring and no variation
changes in the genes of body cells and extinction
struggle for survival and fossilization
changes in the genes of sex cells and survival of the fittest
- 219. Multiple Choice
Which statement could account for the similarities between the woolly mammoth and elephants?
Mutations were caused by industrial chemicals and radiation.
Selective breeding results in
better survival
Present-day species developed from earlier different species
Both animals have identical genetic information
- 220. Multiple Choice
Scientists have been investigating a way to recreate extinct species such as the saber-toothed cat illustrated below.
Which technique would use DNA from an extinct species to recreate an organism of the species?
natural selection
differentiation
cloning
selective breeding
- 221. Multiple Choice
A shark and a dolphin have similarly shaped
bodies and fins. However, these two organisms
are not closely related: The shark is a fish, and
the dolphin is a mammal. Some species may
have similar body structures even if they are not
related because they evolved in
similar environments and specific traits increased their chances of survival
similar environments and were exposed to factors that caused exactly the same mutations
different environments, but tried to adapt in the same ways so they could survive
different environments, but ate similar foods that affected their growth and development
- 222. Multiple Choice
Scientists at Penn State have sequenced the DNA of the extinct woolly mammoth. The data suggested that the woolly mammoth was more closely related to present-day elephants than previously believed.
Which statement could account for the similarities between the woolly mammoth and present-day elephants?
Common gene mutations were caused by agents such as industrial chemicals and radiation
Present-day species developed from earlier, different species
Selective breeding results in offspring better able to survive.
Both animals have identical genetic information
- 223. Multiple Choice
After a lake dried up during a severe drought, a section of undisturbed rock layers was exposed. The layers are represented below.
This sequence of rock layers best illustrates the concept that
the living and nonliving environment both change over time
it is important to preserve the diversity of species and habitats
new inheritable characteristics can result from the recombining of genes
living organisms have the capacity to produce populations of unlimited size
- 224. Multiple Choice
Natural selection produces changes most quickly in
species with short reproductive cycles
individual pathogens killed by antibiotics
complex multicellular organisms
individuals that produce a small number of offspring
- 225. Multiple Choice
Survival of at least a few members of a population after a major environmental change is most dependent on
the population having an individual that is adapted to the original environment
the population having an individual that is adapted to great changes in the temperature in its environment
variations in many different traits in many individuals in the population
no variations in the color of the fur, skin, or feathers of the individuals in the population
- 226. Multiple Choice
The theory of evolution states that
species that are extinct have no biological relationship to living species
different animal species always interbreed to form new and different species
species change over time, sometimes developing into new species
the environment of Earth is constant over time
- 227. Multiple Choice
Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur, there must be
variations within a species
extinction of the species
asexual reproduction
no change in the genes of an organism
- 228. Multiple Choice
Natural selection is best described as
a change in an organism in response to a need of that organism
a process of nearly constant improvement that leads to an organism that is nearly perfect
differences in survival rates as a result of different inherited characteristics
inheritance of characteristics acquired during the life of an organism
- 229. Multiple Choice
Fossils provide evidence that
life on Earth millions of years ago was more complex than life is today
the changes that will occur in species in the future are easy to predict
many species of organisms that lived long ago are now extinct
most species of organisms that lived long ago are exactly the same today
- 230. Multiple Choice
A male frigatebird displays to the female by inflating its large red throat sac, throwing its head back, vibrating its wings, and producing a “drumming” sound with its throat sac. For the frigatebird, this behavior has most likely resulted in
hiding from predators
greater reproductive success
locating new sources of food
reduced population growth
- 231. Multiple Choice
A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period.
In year three, the farmer discontinued the use of the insecticide. Which statement would best predict the population in generation 4?
The nonresistant aphid would become extinct
The nonresistant aphid population would likely increase
The resistant aphid would mutate to a nonresistant aphid.
The plants would be free of insect populations.
- 232. Multiple Choice
Which factor would be least likely to contribute to the development of a new species?
plentiful resources within the environment occupied by the species
increased genetic variation within the species
changes in the environment of the species
the ability of the species to increase its numbers by sexual reproduction
- 233. Multiple Choice
The three graphs below show the population changes in two species of single-celled organisms that have been grown separately and together in identical environments.
Which term is the most closely associated with the changes in relative population size shown in graph C?
mutation
artificial selection
genetic engineering
competition
- 234. Multiple Choice
The graph shows the number of species that have become extinct since 1800. It also shows the change in the size of the human population for the same period of time.
The graph indicates that the number of species that have become extinct
has increased with increasing human population
has decreased with increasing human population
is not affected by the size of the human population
is greater than the size of the human population
- 235. Multiple Choice
Male turkeys are birds that naturally strut and display their large tail feathers, which attracts female turkeys. This display is an example of
asexual reproduction
a learned behavior
a behavioral adaptation
selective breeding
- 236. Multiple Choice
A scientist at a large natural history museum has a collection of fossils that were found throughout the world. Only a few of the fossils represent species that are still alive on Earth today. One reason for this is that
most of the species that have ever lived on Earth are alive today
most of the species that have ever lived on Earth are extinct
fossils of only extinct species have been found
species alive today will not form any fossils for future discovery by scientists
- 237. Multiple Choice
When a paramecium, a single-celled organism, is living under stressful conditions, it sometimes switches from asexual to sexual reproduction. The main advantage when this switch occurs is that the paramecium is most likely to
produce fewer offspring
increase variation among its offspring
avoid having to find a mate
produce clones of itself
- 238. Multiple ChoiceThe nonliving aspects of an ecosystem.Abiotic factorsBiotic factors
- 239. Multiple ChoiceThe living portions of the ecosystem.Biotic factorsAbiotic factors
- 240. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following materials cannot be recycled?aluminiumplastic bagsglass bottlescartons
- 241. Multiple ChoiceMost microorganisms cannot be seen without a...microscopemagnifying lenstelescopex-ray machine
- 242. Multiple ChoiceA shark’s sharp teeth would be a(n) _______________.structural adaptation.physiological adaptationbehavioral adaptation.none of the available options.
- 243. Multiple ChoiceThis part of the experiment serves as a basis of comparison; the one variable being tested has been omitted.experimental groupcontrol groupdatavariables
- 244. Multiple ChoiceWhich group do fungi, bacteria, and termites belong to?decomposersproducersherbivoresomnivores
- 245. Multiple ChoiceWhich human activity would preserve nonrenewable resources?deforestationremoving carnivores from a forestrecyclingheating homes with fossil fuels
- 246. Multiple ChoiceContinued depletion of the ozone layer will most likely result inan increase in skin cancer among humansa decrease in atmospheric pollutantsan increase in marine ecosystem stabilitya decrease in climatic changes
- 247. Multiple ChoiceIncreased industrialization will most likelydecrease available habitatsincrease environmental carrying capacityincrease the stability of ecosystemsdecrease global warming
- 248. Multiple ChoiceThe owl receives energy from which organisms?grasshopper and mousemouse and rabbitrabbit and butterflybutterfly and frog
- 249. Multiple ChoiceCattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.mutualismcommensalismcompetitionparasitism
- 250. Multiple ChoiceIf you were testing how well different dish soaps cleaned grease, the independent variable would be the:dish typeamount of greasedish soap typegrease type
- 251. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the control group?amount of time the spray stays on the showerthe half of the shower sprayed with waterthe half of the shower sprayed with coconut juicethe amount of slime
- 252. Multiple ChoiceWhen making a DNA Fingerprint, the gel electrophoresis machine filters the DNA by size. Which fragments make it further down in the gel?shorterlongercodonsanticodons
- 253. Multiple Choice
The parents of a new baby believe they brought the wrong child home from the hospital. Gel electrophoresis was performed using DNA samples from the parents and the child. A section of the gel
electrophoresis results is shown below. Which conclusion is valid based on the gel electrophoresis results?
They have the correct child, because her genetic information is identical to that of the father.
They have the wrong child, because her genetic information does not match that of either parent.
They have the correct child, because her genetic information came from both parents.
They have the wrong child, because her genetic information matches only that of the mother.
- 254. Multiple ChoiceAn ecosystem is made up of all the ___________ and _____________ factors in an area.not/withoutLimiting Factor/ Carrying CapacityLiving/ Nonlivinglife/ biotic factor
- 255. Multiple ChoiceLiving or once-living organisms in an ecosystem are called ___________.abiotic factorbiotic factornon-livinglife
- 256. Multiple ChoiceNonliving elements in an ecosystem are called _______________.biotic factorabiotic factorlimiting factorcarrying capacity
- 257. Multiple ChoiceBio means _________.non-livingnot/withoutlifeliving
- 258. Multiple ChoiceIs a deer an abiotic or biotic factor?abioticbiotic
- 259. Multiple ChoiceIs a soil an abiotic or biotic factor?abioiticbiotic
- 260. Multiple ChoiceIs a mushroom an abiotic or biotic factor?abioticbiotic
- 261. Multiple ChoiceIs a weather an abiotic or biotic factor?abioticbiotic
- 262. Multiple ChoiceIs sunlight an abiotic or biotic factor?abioticbiotic
- 263. Multiple ChoicePut the levels of organization in an ecosystem in order from the largest to the smallest.population, organism, communityorganism, community, populationcommunity, population, organismcommunity, organism, population
- 264. Multiple ChoiceTRUE or FALSE: A community includes all abiotic and biotic factors.TRUEFASLE
- 265. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is the most simple level of ecological organization?A communityAn individual or speciesA populationAn ecosystem
- 266. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is the most simple level of ecological organization?A communityAn individual or speciesA populationAn ecosystem
- 267. Multiple ChoiceWhat level of organization can be seen here?SpeciesPopulationCommunityEcosystem
- 268. Multiple ChoiceTRUE or FALSE: An ecosystem contains only biotic factors.TRUEFALSE
- 269. Multiple ChoiceWhat level of organization can be observed in the image?SpeciesPopulationCommunityEcosystem
- 270. Multiple ChoiceThe study of organisms and how they interact with one another and their environment is best described asBiologyEcologyZoologyBotany
- 271. Multiple ChoiceA place where an organism lives.TerrainHabitatCommunityPopulation
- 272. Multiple ChoiceA collection of organisms that belong to different populations but all live in the same area and interact with one another.PopulationEcosystemCommunityEcosphere
- 273. Multiple ChoiceWhat are the biotic factors in this image?sunlight, elephants, and grassessunlight, water, and airelephants, plants, trees
- 274. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best describes a community?sharks, groupers, anemones and shrimp on a coral reefdecorator crabs on the seafloorloggerhead sea turtles in Atlanticprairie grassland in Wyoming
- 275. Multiple ChoiceResidents of a town are concerned that a recently built factory could pose health risks. Scientists were asked to investigate the effects of the factory on the health of local residents. The most relevant information they reported was that(4) local medical facilities have recently reported a 15% increase in the number of patients treated for asthma(3) residents have occasionally seen smoke coming from the factory(2) there have been reports that other types of factories have been linked with health issues(1) in a survey, residents felt that the air in town looks dirtier now
- 276. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram below represents a cell and some molecules in its environment. Which molecule would require the use of energy in order to be brought into the cell?1234
- 277. Multiple ChoiceA farmer wanted to rid his apple trees of a particular leaf-eating insect. He sprayed his trees with an insecticide that killed 98% of the insects. The survival of 2% of this population of insects is most likely due to(1) genes obtained from another species(2) certain chemicals that stimulated overproduction(3) variations that resulted from sexual reproduction(4) their ability to produce food from the pesticide
- 278. Multiple ChoiceAn ameba, a one-celled organism, can move, ingest, and transport materials within the cell, because it hassystemsorganellestissuesorgans
- 279. Multiple ChoicePopulations of aspen trees in the western United States are being destroyed by an unexplained illness. The altered landscape is affecting the animals that live there. Populations of deer mice are increasing greatly in these areas. Unfortunately, these mice often carry a virus that is deadly to humans. This scenario best illustrates thatevery population in an ecosystem is linked with other populationsthe stability of this ecosystem is limited by the amount of water availablehumans are the cause of the breakdown of this ecosystema change in the environment always results in disease
- 280. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement is true for all of the organisms in the ecosystem represented in the diagram below?Energy is used by the organisms to obtain and transport materials, and to eliminate wastesEnergy stored in inorganic molecules is released during cellular respiration in these organisms.Stored energy cannot be used by these organisms as a source of energy for life processes.They use energy to combine the inorganic molecules carbon dioxide and water into energy-rich organic compounds.
- 281. Multiple ChoiceWhat is it called when cells specialize, and "choose" an identity?variationdifferentiationbiodiversityabiotic factors
- 282. Multiple Choiceafter a zygote is formed, what happens next?meiosismitosisdifferentiationfertilization
- 283. Multiple ChoiceWhat observation could lead to the conclusion that an object is nonliving?It passes on hereditary information only through asexual reproductionIt carries out synthesisIt cannot perform metabolic processesit is composed of a cell, but does not have tissues
- 284. Multiple ChoiceDecomposers are necessary in a food chain because theymanufacture food by photosynthesisreturn nutrients to the ecosystemabsorb energy from the SunProduce organic nutrients
- 285. Multiple ChoiceIn early spring, many wildflowers begin to grow, produce flowers, and release seeds. The leaves of the wildflowers make food before the leaves of the trees in the area begin to develop. the early growth pattern of the wildflowers would result indecreased competition for sunlight between the trees and the wildflowersdecreased competition for suitable temperature between the trees and the wildflowersincreased competition for space between the trees and the wildflowersincreased competition for oxygen between the trees and wildflowers
- 286. Multiple ChoiceWhich sequence best represents increasing complexity?tissues to cells to organelles to organscells to organelles to organs to organismorganelles to cells to tissues to organsorganism to cells to tissues to organelles
- 287. Multiple ChoiceThe cytoplasm in a single-celled organism and circulatory system in a human bothbreak down molecules into smaller piecesrelease energy to be used by the organismtransport substances throughout the organismdistribute blood to all of the parts of the organism
- 288. Multiple ChoiceA hydrangea plant has blue flowers when grown in acidic soil, but has pink flowers when grown in basic soil. A clone of the pink-flowered plant is grown in acidic soil and produces blue flowers. This change in flower color is most likely due tosexual reproduction in the plants, resulting in variationasexual reproduction in the plants, resulting in variationgenes being expressed in different ways due to environmental conditionsa gene mutation that occurred after the clone was produced
- 289. Multiple ChoiceA significant difference between the effects of the genetic information passed on from asexually reproducing parents to their offspring and sexually reproducing parents to their offspring is thedegree of modification of the size of chromosomestypes of DNA subunitsnumber of chromosomes in the body cells of the offspringamount of variation between the parents and the offspring
- 290. Multiple ChoiceA normal sequence of DNA bases in a single human skin cell is CATGGC. If this sequence replicates in this cell and becomes GATGGC, this alteration will most likely be passed toevery cell that develops from itall human body cellsoffspring of the humanall skin cells of this person
- 291. Multiple ChoiceBeta cells in the pancreas and human skin cells both contain the insulin gene. The beta cells can make insulin; however, skin cells cannot. Which process is responsible for this gene being expressed in one cell type and not in another cell type?mitosisreplicationdifferentiationmeiosis
- 292. Multiple ChoiceInformation in segments of human DNA can be expressed by bacterial cells as a result ofsexual reproductionrandom mutationgenetic variabilitygenetic engineering
- 293. Multiple ChoiceNatural selection its evolutionary consequences provide a scientific explanation forthe fossil record of ancient life-formspredictions about the rate of global warmingthe amount of precipitation in a rain forestthe amount of soil used to grow certain crops
- 294. Multiple ChoiceNatural selection its evolutionary consequences provide a scientific explanation forthe fossil record of ancient life-formspredictions about the rate of global warmingthe amount of precipitation in a rain forestthe amount of soil used to grow certain crops
- 295. Multiple ChoicePhotosynthesis and respiration are alike in that they bothrequire the Sun as a direct source of energyresult in the production of glucose moleculesrequire specific catalystsoccur within mitochondria
- 296. Multiple ChoiceThe reproductive cycle in females is regulated primarily byestrogen and testosteroneestrogen and progesteroneprogesterone and insulinprogesterone and testosterone
- 297. Multiple ChoiceOne function of the male reproductive system in mammals is toproduce insulin necessary for sexual reproductiontransport eggs necessary for fertilizationallow for delivery of gametes needed for reproductionprovide protection for the developing zygote
- 298. Multiple ChoiceA zygote develops into a multicellular organism throughmitosis and specializationmitosis and meiosisrecombination and communicationgenetic engineering and natural selection
- 299. Multiple ChoicePneumocystis is an organism found in the human lungs that can cause pneumonia. It seldom causes problems in individuals with healthy immune systems. However, people with AIDS sometimes become seriously ill with pneumonia. This is most likely due to the fact that individuals with AIDS haveinherited a tendency to contract pneumoniadifficulty fighting off infectionsan allergy to this organismhormones that strengthen the infection
- 300. Multiple ChoiceNicotine is only one of the many toxic chemicals inhaled while smoking. What effect can such toxic chemicals have on the body?they stimulate an increase in heightthey stimulate uncontrolled cell divisionthey eliminate carbon dioxide from cellsthey eliminate chromosomes from many cells
- 301. Multiple ChoiceCar manufactures have begun to explore the use of biofuels such as biodiesel, ethanol, and cooking oils made from plant material. The desired outcome of using these biofuels would bea decrease in the use of fossil fuelsa decrease in the release of oxygen gasan increase in abiotic resourcesan increase in global warming
- 302. Multiple ChoiceWhich process uses energy to combine inorganic molecules to synthesize organic molecules?respirationdigestionphotosynthesisdecomposition
- 303. Multiple ChoiceThe Nature Conservancy is an organization that protects a variety of habitats around the world. A project this organization would probably support is one thatuses endangered animals for medical researchprotects the biodiversity of areas for future generationsalters habitats for industry and housingprevents animals species from migration to other habitats
- 304. Multiple ChoiceIn the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus classified organism based on their structural similarities. Modern classification determines relationships more accurately because it is based on genetic and other biochemical similarities. This change in classification method best illustrations thatmultiple trials are required to increase the validity of a scientific explanationscientific explanations are subject to the ethical view of the scientist proposing thempeer review is required to validate the results of scientific investigationsall scientific explanations are tentative and subject to change and improvement
- 305. Multiple ChoiceCertain animals species that are endangered or threatened have been cloned. Closely related species have been used to carry the embryos of the endangered species. This process of increasing the population size of a species in danger of becoming extinct is an example ofnatural method to decrease ecosystem stabilitynatural method of controlling the population of an endangered speciestechnological fix to increase habitat destructiontechnological fix for the problem of endangered species
- 306. Multiple ChoiceRabbits have evolved strategies to get them through periods of time when there is little food. Which life function could be eliminated without affecting an individual rabbit's ability to survive when food is scare?digestionexcretioncirculationreproduction
- 307. Multiple ChoiceThe inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combineoxygen molculessimple sugarsamino acidsbiological catalyts
- 308. Multiple Choice
Which statement concerning an ecosystem is correct?
It can exist with or without a constant source of energy input.
It must contain consumers but can exist without producers.
It involves interactions between biotic and abiotic factors
It can exist on land, but it cannot exist in lakes, rivers, or oceans.
- 309. Multiple Choice
Energy for this ecosystem originally comes from
water
consumers
sunlight
plants
- 310. Multiple Choice
An environment can support only as many organisms as the available energy, minerals, and oxygen will allow. Which term is best described by this statement?
biological feedback
carrying capacity
homeostatic control
biological diversity
- 311. Multiple Choice
The reason that organisms can not produce populations of unlimited size is that
the resources of Earth are finite
there is no carrying capacity on Earth
species rarely compete with one another
interactions between organisms are unchanging
- 312. Multiple Choice
What impact do the amounts of available energy, water, and oxygen have on an ecosystem?
They act as limiting factors.
]They are used as nutrients.
They recycle the residue of dead organisms.
They control environmental temperature.
- 313. Multiple Choice
Which statement best explains why the population stabilized?
Interbreeding between members of the population increased the mutation rate.
The population size became limited due to factors such as availability of food.
An increase in the chipmunk population caused an increase in the producer population.
A predator species came to the area and occupied the same niche as the chipmunks
- 314. Multiple Choice
Which sequence shows increasing complexity of levels of ecological organization?
biosphere, ecosystem, community
biosphere, community, ecosystem
community, ecosystem, biosphere
ecosystem, biosphere, community
- 315. Multiple Choice
Great horned owls and red-tailed hawks have similar requirements for food, space, and nesting materials. What would most likely be the result of great horned owls and red-tailed hawks living in the same community?
ecological succession
competition
habitat destruction
parasitism
- 316. Multiple Choice
An ecosystem will most likely remain stable if
it has more predators than prey
it has a high level of biodiversity
biotic factors decrease
finite resources decrease
- 317. Multiple Choice
Cutting down a rain forest and planting agricultural crops, such as coffee plants, would most likely result in
a decrease in biodiversity
an increase in the amount of energy recycled
a decrease in erosion
an increase in the amount of photosynthesis
- 318. Multiple Choice
Which statement best explains section X of the graph?
Interbreeding between members of this population increased the mutation rate.
An increase in the bird population caused an increase in the producer population.
The population reached a state of dynamic equilibrium due to limiting factors.
Another species came to the area and provided food for the birds.
- 319. Multiple Choice
Many years ago, a volcanic eruption killed many plants and animals on an island. Today the island looks much as it did before the eruption. Which statement is the best possible explanation for this?
Altered ecosystems regain stability through the evolution of new plant species.
Destroyed environments can recover as a result of the process of ecological succession.
Geographic barriers prevent the migration of animals to island habitats.
Destroyed ecosystems always return to their original state
- 320. Multiple Choice
In an ecosystem, material is cycled among the organisms and their environment.
As a result of competition between two species, one species will be excluded from the niche.
Competition within a species results in natural selection.
An ecosystem requires a constant source of energy
- 321. Multiple Choice
Vultures, which are classified as scavengers, are an important part of an ecosystem because they
hunt herbivores, limiting their populations in an ecosystem
feed on dead animals, which aids in the recycling of environmental materials
cause the decay of dead organisms, which releases usable energy to herbivores and carnivores
are the first level in food webs and make energy available to all the other organisms in the web
- 322. Multiple Choice
The sequence of stages leading from bare field to stage D best illustrates the process known as
replication
recycling
feedback
succession
- 323. Multiple Choice
How much energy would be available to the organisms in level C?
all of the energy in level A, plus the energy in level B
all of the energy in level A, minus the energy in level B
a percentage of the energy contained in level B
a percentage of the energy synthesized in level B and level D
- 324. Multiple Choice
The greatest amount of available energy is transferred from level
A to level B
A to level C
B to level A
D to level A
- 325. Multiple Choice
If the population of mice is reduced by disease, which change will most likely occur in the food web?
The cricket population will increase.
The snake population will increase.
The grasses will decrease.
The deer population will decrease.
- 326. Multiple Choice
What is the original source of energy for this food web?
chemical bonds in sugar molecules
enzymatic reactions
the Sun
chemical reactions of bacteria
- 327. Multiple Choice
Which organisms are not shown in this diagram but are essential to a balanced ecosystem?
heterotrophs
autotrophs
producers
decomposers
- 328. Multiple Choice
Global History Regents: Periods of famine, warfare, and religious persecution have most often influenced people’s decisions to
collectivize their farms
migrate from a region
expand their territory
industrialize an area
- 329. Multiple Choice
Global History Regents: Which environmental issue faced the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China?
extensive destruction of rain forests for lumber to build large structures
soil erosion resulting from annual rainfall of over 100 inches per year
catastrophic floods that destroyed crops and villages
waterways that were unnavigable most of the year
- 330. Multiple Choice
Living Environment Regents: A student received a flu shot in the fall. During the fl u season, the student caught a cold. The most likely reason the vaccine he received did not prevent the cold was that
his illness was not caused by a pathogen.
he did not get the vaccine at the right time of year.
his body produced antibiotics in response to the vaccine.
the vaccine he received contained only flu virus antigens.
- 331. Multiple Choice
Which human activity most directly causes a significant increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
growing corn for food
not using products containing plastics
driving cars long distances
planting large numbers of trees
- 332. Multiple Choice
An immune response is primarily due to the body's white blood cells recognizing
a hormone imbalance
abiotic organisms
foreign antigens
known antibiotics
- 333. Multiple Choice
In an effort to reduce the number of deaths due to malaria, scientists have successfully introduced a gene into mosquitoes. The gene makes the mosquitoes unable to support development of the parasite that causes malaria. The technique used to produce this new variety of mosquito is most likely
chromotography
genetic engineering
electrophoresis of genes
selective breeding
- 334. Multiple Choice
The organic compounds that scientists use to cut, copy, and move segments of DNA are
carbohydrates
enzymes
hormones
starches
- 335. Multiple Choice
Genetic researchers have discovered a number of different gene mutations that have led to the development of cancer. These mutations affect how frequently a cell reproduces. Which process would be directly influenced by these mutations?
differentiation of cells in an embryo
meiotic cell division
division of sperm and egg cells
mitotic cell division
- 336. Multiple Choice
Lobsters are crustaceans related to crayfish, crabs, and shrimp. Most lobsters are a reddish-brown color, but on rare occasions, they can be orange, blue, or even multicolored. These color differences can be caused by
genetic variations
different numbers of offspring
overpopulation and excessive resources
the instability of the ecosystem
- 337. Multiple Choice
Which two factors could lead to the evolution of a species over time?
overproduction of offspring and no variation
changes in the genes of body cells and extinction
struggle for survival and fossilization
changes in the genes of sex cells and survival of the fittest
- 338. Multiple Choice
To clone a mammal, a cloned embryo is often put into an adult female of the same species to continue internal development. The struture in which the embryo will develop is the
ovary
placenta
uterus
egg
- 339. Multiple Choice
Nuclear power plants, which produce electrical energy, use larger quantities of water for cooling. Often, small fish larvae, and fish eggs are sucked in along with the cooling water and destroyed. This example illustrates how
industrialization can have positive and negative effects
removal of these organisms has no effect on an ecosystem
direct harvesting increases the natural fish population
energy is generated without producing wastes
- 340. Multiple Choice
Acid rain is a major problem in the Adirondack Mountains. Evidence that acid rain negatively affected the Adirondack ecosystem is that
this rain has increased the amount of water in Adirondack lakes
there has been a decrease in the variety of fish found in Adirondack lakes
the amount of carbon dioxide in the air over the Adirondack Mountains has drastically decreased in recent years
the number of heterotrophic organisms in Adirondack lakes has increased
- 341. Multiple Choice
Which system in a multicellular organism functions most like the cytoplasm in a single-celled organism?
immune
reproductive
nervous
circulatory
- 342. Multiple Choice
Fat molecules typically contain long chains of carbon atoms. Animals tend to store fats for use when food resources are scarce. This is an advantage to the animal because
much energy can be gained by breaking the bonds between atoms in the fats
fats give off carbon dioxide that can be used by the muscles
amino acids from fat synthesis are more easily digested than carbohydrates
energy can only be created by digesting fats
- 343. Multiple Choice
While looking at the bottom surface of a leaf with a compound light microscope, a student notices pairs of cells with openings between them on the surface of the leaf. The main purpose of these openings and the cells that surround them is
removing excess sugars
synthesis of carbon dioxide
regulating gas exchange
purification of water
- 344. Multiple Choice
An immune response to a usually harnless environmental substance is known as
an antigen
a vaccination
an allergy
a mutation
- 345. Multiple Choice
Single-celled organisms are able to maintain homeostasis, even though they lack higher levels of organization such as organs and organ systems because
single-celled organisms do not carry out the same life processes as multicellular organisms
multicellular organisms do not rely on tissues or organs to carry out life processes
cell structures work together to maintain homeostasis in single-celled orgarnisms
single-celled organisms are able to coordinate organ functions to maintain homeostasis
- 346. Multiple Choice
An invasive species, the spiny water flea, was recently found in a New York lake. These water fleas eat zooplankton, a food also consumed by native fishes. The fleas spread from lake to lake by attaching to fishing lines, anchor ropes, and boats. Which statement best describes the effect of the water flea on the lake?
It will not compete with animals in the local food chains.
It will feed on organisms that are important to other species.
THe number of water fleas will decrease due to lack of food.
There will be no effect on native species in the lake.
- 347. Multiple ChoiceWhat does endangered mean?gone foreververy few of its kind leftfind a new homebreak down of dead plants
- 348. Multiple ChoiceThree major fossil fuels are coal, oil, andwoodnatural gasuraniumelectricity
- 349. Multiple ChoiceWhich sources of energy are NOT considered renewablegeothermal (heat)hydroelectric (water)coalwind
- 350. Multiple ChoiceIn the last few centuries, the number of species becoming extinct on Earth hasdecreased dramaticallydecreased slightlyincreased slightlyincreased dramatically
- 351. Multiple Choice
The word rapidly has similar meaning with ...
fast
dengan cepat
speed
rid
- 352. Multiple Choice
The word poverty means ...
property
rich
kemiskinan
extremely poor
- 353. Multiple Choice
The basic unit of structure and function of all living things
cell
control group
tissue
enzyme
- 354. Multiple Choice
An instrument that uses two lenses to magnify the image: an eyepiece and an objective.
compound light microscope
triple beam balance
graduated cylinder
beaker
- 355. Multiple Choice
The setup in a experiment in which no change is made, and to which the other results are compared
control
experimental
manipulated variable
independent variable
- 356. Multiple Choice
A protein that speeds up the rate of biochemical reactions; an organic catalyst.
enzyme
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
- 357. Multiple Choice
The part of the compound microscope that controls the amount of light passing through the specimen.
diahragm
course adjustment
fine adjustment
base
- 358. Multiple Choice
The area that can be seen under the microscope.
field of view
magnification
glass slide
cover slip
- 359. Multiple Choice
A small knob that moves the body tube of a microscope small distances for sharpening the focus or for focusing under high power.
fine adjustment
course adjustment
diaphragm
ocular lens
- 360. Multiple Choice
A poisonous liquid introduced into victims by a bite or sting.
venom
carbohydrate
pH
indicator
- 361. Multiple Choice
The experimental factor that is altered and compared to the control.
variable
constant
control
dependent variable
- 362. Multiple Choice
Refers to organism composed of one cell.
unicellular
multicellular
tissue
organ
- 363. Multiple Choice
Abbreviation for millimeter.
mm
m
cm
km
- 364. Multiple Choice
The lens on the revolving nosepiece of a microscope with the lower magnification, usually 10×.
low power objective
high power objective
eyepiece
scanning objective
- 365. Multiple Choice
An interpretation or explanation of an observation.
inference
hypothesis
assumption
opinion
- 366. Multiple Choice
Coming from ancestors.
inherited
dominant
recessive
crossing over
- 367. Multiple Choice
A substance that changes color to show that a particular chemical is present or that a reaction has occurred.
indicator
acid
base
solvent
- 368. Multiple Choice
A possible explanation for a set of observed facts which is the basis for further experimentation.
hypothesis
inference
assumption
opinion
- 369. Multiple Choice
The lens on the revolving nosepiece of a microscope with the highest magnification, usually 40×.
high power objective
low power objective
ocular
scanning objective
- 370. Multiple Choice
A small, very thin, square piece of plastic or glass that is used when preparing a wet-mount microscope slide.
cover slip
glass slide
beaker
pipette
- 371. Multiple Choice
The experimental variable that changes as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable
dependent variable
independent variable
manipulated variable
control
- 372. Multiple ChoiceIf many fish were removed from a pond ecosystem, what might happen?The insect population would increase.The plants would die.There would be less water.The frogs would die.
- 373. Multiple ChoiceWebbed feet are useful adaptations for organisms in what type of environment?aquaticdeserttropicalforest
- 374. Multiple ChoiceWhat is an inherited trait of a horse?long tails to chase away fliesracing in competitionsusing gillsdark fur to absorb the sun's heat
- 375. Multiple Choice
What is true of the life cycle of the butterfly?
The larva look very similar to the adults.
The adult stage is before the pupa.
In the larva stage it cannot fly.
The larva lays eggs.
- 376. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of a learned behavior?Dolphins have a blow hole on the top of their heads.Humans blink their eyes to avoid getting dust in them.Raccoons gather at campground garbage cans.Fish have gills to get oxygen.
- 377. Multiple Choice
The kangaroo rat is able to get all of the water it needs through its food and therefore never needs to drink liquid. This animal's adaptation allows it to survive in which biome?
Forest
Tundra
Temperate Grassland
Tropical Rainforest
- 378. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best describes the deer's role in the ecosystem?herbivoreomnivorecarnivoredecomposer
- 379. Multiple Choice
Which organism does not transfer energy to the cute little blue bird?
rabbit
worm
snail
plant
- 380. Multiple ChoiceWhich biome contains cacti and small bushes?GrasslandsTaigaTundraDesert
- 381. Multiple ChoiceAn organism with sharp teeth uses this adaptation must bean herbivorea carnivoreextinctmigratory
- 382. Multiple ChoiceWhich living thing depends directly on oak trees for food?mountain lionsowlssquirrelsbeavers
- 383. Multiple ChoiceWhich living thing depends directly on oak trees for food?mountain lionsowlssquirrelsbeavers
- 384. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following organisms is considered a decomposer?grassesvultureswormssnakes
- 385. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the name of the process by which plants make their own food?evaporationadaptationsphotosynthesistranspiration
- 386. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an important function of plant roots?attracting insects to spread pollenbring water and nutrients to the plantkeep herbivores from eating the plantallowing the plant to get sunlight
- 387. Multiple Choice
What biome is pictured here?
desert
alpine
rainforest
deciduous forest
- 388. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement best describes how a new human trait develops and can be passed on to future generations?A mutation in a stomach cell results in the inability of a woman to produce a certain digestive enzyme.A mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy, causing the fetus to have a low birth weight.During meiosis, a new combination of DNA subunits is formed.During mitosis, DNA does not divide correctly and the cells die
- 389. Multiple ChoiceSurvival of at least a few members of a population after a major environmental change is most dependent onthe population having an individual that is adapted to the original environmentthe population having an individual that is adapted to great changes in the temperature in its environmentvariations in many different traits in many individuals in the populationno variations in the color of the fur, skin, or feathers of the individuals in the population
- 390. Multiple ChoiceThe theory of evolution states thatspecies that are extinct have no biological relationship to living speciesdifferent animal species always interbreed to form new and different speciesspecies change over time, sometimes developing into new speciesthe environment of Earth is constant over time
- 391. Multiple ChoiceFemale hammerhead sharks sometimes produce offspring by a type of asexual reproduction. These offspringare a result of the uniting of a male and a female gametehave cells that contain DNA found only in the female sharkare considered to be a different species from the male parenthave cells that contain genetic information from both parents
- 392. Multiple ChoiceThe instructions for the genetic traits of an organism are directly determined by thenumbers of A, T, C, and G units in a sugar moleculesequence of bases in DNA moleculeslength of a DNA moleculeway the bases are paired in the two strands of a DNA molecule
- 393. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement best describes a situation where competition occurs in an ecosystem?A deer outruns an attacking wolfA deer, during the winter, consumes tree bark.A deer and a rabbit consume grass in a fieldA deer and a rabbit are both startled by a hawk flying overhead.
- 394. Multiple ChoiceA woman changes her hair color to red; however, her children will not inherit this red hair color because the woman does not havegenes for red hair in her skingenes for red hair in her sex cellsproteins for red hair in the placentaproteins for red hair in her egg cells
- 395. Multiple ChoicePlant species X lives in a hot, dry environment. Slowly, over hundreds of years, the climate becomes wetter. Fungi attack species X and cause the population of species X to decrease. However, plant species X could survive if the plantstry to mutate quickly and synthesize new proteinsare watered often and fertilized with extra nutrientscan adapt to the new conditions by mating with the fungushave a few members of the population that are fungus-resistant
- 396. Multiple ChoiceFarmers may someday clone their best milkproducing cow into a whole herd. What potential disadvantage might be important to consider in having such a large group of clones on one farm?It may be difficult to tell the animals apart.Lack of variation may limit survival in the herdThe cows could be fertilized by only one type of bull.The cows could be mated only with each other.
- 397. Multiple ChoiceMany animals have developed courtship behaviors. Males will often dance, swim, or sing in a particular way to attract a female. Males who are more successful at the courtship behavior will have a greater chance of having more offspring. This behavior is a result ofnatural selectiongenetic engineeringasexual reproductiongene manipulation
- 398. Multiple ChoiceA farmer wanted to rid his apple trees of a particular leaf-eating insect. He sprayed his trees with an insecticide that killed 98% of the insects. The survival of 2% of this population of insects is most likely due togenes obtained from another speciescertain chemicals that stimulated overproductionvariations that resulted from sexual reproductiontheir ability to produce food from the pesticide
- 399. Multiple ChoicePotato farmers in Ireland during the mid 1800s all grew the same type of potato. The potato plants were all produced as clones of one another. When a fungus infected the crop, all of the potatoes were destroyed. This occurred because these potato plantshad little genetic variabilityhad increased biodiversitywere the product of fertilizationwere the result of biotechnology
- 400. Multiple ChoiceWhen an organism reproduces asexually, it usually hasonly one parent, and half as much DNA as the parentonly one parent, and the same chromosome number as the parenttwo parents, and twice as much DNA as either parenttwo parents, and the same chromosome number as each parent
- 401. Multiple ChoiceA mutation occurring in a human can be passed from parent to offspring when it occurs in alung cell, due to exposure to a toxic gasgamete formed in the ovarybody cell undergoing mitosisheart cell with chromosome damage
- 402. Multiple ChoiceOver time, data that support the successful evolution of a species would include observations that describean increase in the genetic changes occurring in body cellsa decrease in the genetic variety carried in sex cellsan increase in the proportion of offspring that have favorable characteristicsa decrease in the proportion of the population that has beneficial traits
- 403. Multiple ChoiceCaffeine is a compound found in the seeds of many different plants, such as coffee beans, cola nuts, and cacao beans (the source of chocolate). The presence of this chemical in all three types of plants suggests that these plantsinherited identical mutationsshare a common ancestrywere exposed to the same type of radiation in the pastwere cloned from a caffeine plant
- 404. Multiple ChoiceWhen a paramecium, a single-celled organism, is living under stressful conditions, it sometimes switches from asexual to sexual reproduction. The main advantage when this switch occurs is that the paramecium is most likely toproduce fewer offspringincrease variation among its offspringavoid having to find a mateproduce clones of itself
- 405. Multiple Choice
An example of recycling is
using a paper cup instead of a mug
turning off the lights when leaving a room
using plastic from a soda bottle to make a certain type of clothing
using two paper towels rather than fi ve to clean up a spill
- 406. Multiple Choice
One characteristic of a stable ecosystem is
a high number of predators
an interdependence of organisms
a lack of biodiversity
an increase in human interference
- 407. Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes what is most likely to occur if an animal population grows larger than the carrying capacity of its environment?
The birth rate will increase.
Both the birth rate and death rate will decrease.
The death rate will increase.
Neither the birth rate nor the death rate will decrease.
- 408. Multiple Choice
Natural selection produces changes most quickly in
species with short reproductive cycles
individual pathogens killed by antibiotics
complex multicellular organisms
individuals that produce a small number of offspring
- 409. Multiple Choice
Many biotic factors affect individuals in a population. An example of an organism being directly affected by a biotic factor is
a squirrel cannot find a mate
a flood washes away a maple tree
a plant is in a dark room
a chipmunk finds a rock pile to use for a home
- 410. Multiple Choice
Many biotic factors affect individuals in a population. An example of an organism being directly affected by a biotic factor is
a squirrel cannot find a mate
a flood washes away a maple tree
a plant is in a dark room
a chipmunk finds a rock pile to use for a home
- 411. Multiple Choice
Farmers may someday clone their best milk producing cow into a whole herd. What potential disadvantage might be important to consider in having such a large group of clones on one farm?
It may be difficult to tell the animals apart.
Lack of variation may limit survival in the herd.
The cows could be fertilized by only one type of bull.
The cows could be mated only with each other.
- 412. Multiple Choice
DNA replication occurs in preparation for
mitosis, only
meiosis, only
both mitosis and meiosis
neither mitosis nor meiosis
- 413. Multiple Choice
An individual eats a hamburger. Which two systems must interact to transfer the nutrients in the hamburger to human muscle tissue?
respiratory and excretory
digestive and immune
digestive and circulatory
circulatory and respiratory
- 414. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents a cell and some molecules in its environment. Which molecule would require the use of energy in order to be brought into the cell?
1
2
3
4
- 415. Multiple Choice
A strand of DNA in a skin cell contains the bases:
A-T-G-C-C-A-T-C-G-G-T-A
After the cell is exposed to ultraviolet light, the strand contains the bases:
A-T-G-G-C-C-A-T-C-G-G-T-A
Which statement describes the result of this exposure?
A new base has been inserted.
A base has been deleted.
One base has been substituted for another.
There have been no changes in the bases.
- 416. Multiple Choice
After a zygote is formed, specialization of cells occurs. Through which process do the cells of a zygote become specialized?
sexual reproduction
meiosis
fertilization
differentiation
- 417. Multiple Choice
In humans, the placenta is essential to the embryo for
nutrition, excretion, and reproduction
respiration, nutrition, and excretion
movement, reproduction, and nutrition
coordination, movement, and growth
- 418. Multiple Choice
Which occurrence represents an example of evolution?
Exposure to radiation reduces the rate of mutation in leaf cells.
A mutation in a liver cell causes a person to produce an enzyme that is less efficient.
Cells in a zygote eventually change into bone cells or skin cells.
Some antibiotics are almost useless, because pathogens have developed a resistance to these antibiotics
- 419. Multiple Choice
Structures in an animal cell are represented in the diagram. Which row in the chart correctly identifies the functions of structures A, B, and C?
A-waste removal, B-extract energy from nutrients, C-protein synthesis
A-information storage, B-transport of materials, C-storage of liquids
A-protein synthesis, B-storage of wastes, C-reproduction
A-cell communication, B-transport of materials, C-waste removal
- 420. Multiple Choice
A man is exposed to large amounts of ultraviolet radiation while sunbathing at the beach. This exposure causes a genetic change in the DNA of a skin cell. In the future, this change can be passed on to
his male and female children
his male children, only
all cells in his body
his skin cells, only
- 421. Multiple Choice
The diagrams represent two molecules that are involved in metabolic activities in some living cells. The shape of each of the molecules is important because
molecules having different shapes are always found in different organisms
the shape of a molecule determines how it functions in chemical reactions
the shape of a molecule determines the age of an organism
if the shape of any molecule in an organism changes, the DNA in that organism will also change
- 422. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents a cell structure involved in converting energy stored in organic molecules into a form used by animal cells. The arrows represent the movement of which substances?
carbon dioxide and sugar
oxygen and ATP
ATP and carbon dioxide
oxygen and sugar
- 423. Multiple Choice
The human female reproductive system is represented. Which structure produces chemicals that regulate the reproductive cycle?
A
B
C
D
- 424. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows some of the DNA in a bacterium into which a human gene, X, has been successfully inserted. The bacteria that result from reproduction of this cell will most likely have the ability to
replicate all of the genetic instructions found in humans
produce vaccines to be used to immunize humans
produce a human blood cell according to instructions in gene X
produce the human protein coded for by gene X
- 425. Multiple Choice
Genetic engineering has the potential to correct human genetic disorders. In gene therapy, a defective gene is replaced by using a virus to insert a normal gene into the cells of an individual. This treatment will be most successful if the virus is inserted into cells that
lack a nucleus
are recycled after death, rather than removed from the body
carry out one specific function, rather than multiple functions
continue to divide during the life of the patient
- 426. Multiple Choice
PART B1 - The graph shows the size of a population of foxes over a period of years. If the line did not stay around the carrying capacity, but continued to rise, which concept would this graph best illustrate?
environmental stability
genetic variety
behavioral change
overproduction
- 427. Multiple Choice
PART B1- The graph represents the effect of pH on three different enzymes at normal body temperature. The graph illustrates that enzymes 1, 2, and 3
are not affected by pH
work best at different pH levels
work best in an acidic environment
work best in a basic environment
- 428. Multiple Choice
PART B1- The diagram represents a portion of a starch molecule. The building blocks for this molecule are
amino acids
simple sugars
fats
molecular bases
- 429. Multiple Choice
PART B1 - The diagram indicates a few of the many varieties of domestic dogs thought to have originated from wolves that were domesticated thousands of years ago.
(Not drawn to scale) Wolf Bulldog Collie Dachshund Adapted from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article
The many varieties of domesticated dogs were most likely produced as a result of
mutating the body cells of the dogs
selective breeding over many generations
genetic engineering with specific enzymes
cloning dogs with desirable traits
- 430. Multiple Choice
PART B1 - The energy in this molecule is stored
in the bonds between atoms
in the oxygen found in the molecule
when the carbon atoms break off
when water breaks this molecule apart
- 431. Multiple Choice
PART D - The buildup of waste products in muscle cells that are active might cause
digestion
cellular respiration
increased fatigue
decreased heart rate
- 432. Multiple Choice
PART D - A group of students obtained the following data while trying to determine the effect of exercise on pulse rate. Which statement is an example of an observation the students could have made?
Pulse rates in beats per minute decrease for all people after exercise.
Student A most likely exercises regularly.
The pulse rate of student C was dangerously low.
The pulse rate of student F increased by 30 beats per minute.
- 433. Multiple Choice
PART D - On various Galapagos islands, finch species have different diets: seeds, insects, flowers, the blood of seabirds, and leaves. This is evidence that each species has a different
mating behavior
nesting material
niche
predator
- 434. Multiple Choice
PART D - The diagram represents an experimental setup. Which statement best describes what would most likely be observed after 20 minutes?
The contents in the dialysis tube would turn blue-black.
The liquid in the beaker would turn blue-black.
The dialysis tube would burst.
There would be no change visible.
- 435. Multiple Choice
PART D - Which term correctly identifies the process by which molecules move through the dialysis tube membrane?
paper chromatography
active transport
diffusion
digestion
- 436. Multiple Choice
PART D - Scientists attempted to determine the evolutionary relationships between three different finch species,
A, B, and C.
In order to do this, they examined the physical characteristics and DNA of these species. DNA was extracted from all three species and analyzed using gel electrophoresis. The results are shown in the diagram.
Which statement best describes the method used above to determine the evolutionary relationships between three species of finches?
Examine the structure of the beaks and compare them.
Observe behavioral and physical characteristics of all the finches and group them by similarities.
Obtain molecular evidence from all three species and identify similarities.
Compare common ancestors of all three of the species to see if they are the same.
- 437. Multiple Choice
A student performed an experiment to see if water temperature affects the level of activity in aquatic snails. The student set up four tanks with five snails in each tank. All four of the setups were identical in every way, except for the temperature of the water. In order to make the conclusions more valid, the student could
alter the pH of the water
change the size of the tank
carry out the experiment for a shorter period of time
use a larger number of snails
- 438. Multiple Choice
The following events occur during sexual reproduction:
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. fertilization
D. birth
Which sequence represents the correct order of these events during sexual reproduction?
A → C → B → D
B → C → A → D
C → B → A → D
B → A → C → D
- 439. Multiple Choice
A broad body of evidence, subject to revisions, supported by different kinds of scientific investigations and often involving the contributions of scientists from different disciplines is necessary to develop
an inference
a fact
a theory
a prediction
- 440. Multiple Choice
A student wanted to investigate the effect of light on the rate of ripening of tomatoes. She set up four pots of the same size with identical amounts of soil, water, and type of tomato plants. Each plant was exposed to a different intensity of light as shown in the table below. To report the final results, which label would be most appropriate for the third column of the data table?
Height of Tomato Plants (cm)
Average Ripening Time (days)
Acidity of Tomatoes (pH)
Average Weight of Tomatoes per Plant (grams)
- 441. Multiple Choice
A student wanted to investigate the effect of light on the rate of ripening of tomatoes. She set up four pots of the same size with identical amounts of soil, water, and type of tomato plants. Each plant was exposed to a different intensity of light as shown in the table below. The independent variable in this experiment is the
type of tomato plant
amount of soil provided
color of tomatoes
light intensity
- 442. Multiple Choice
The diagram illustrates activities taking place in the body of a human. Which structure normally stimulates an allergic response?
A, only
B, only
C, only
A, B, and C
- 443. Multiple Choice
Which population in the chart below has the best chance for survival in a rapidly changing environment?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
- 444. Multiple Choice
The setup below shows four test tubes. Tube 1 contains water only. Tube 2 contains a live snail. Tube 3 contains a live green water plant. Tube 4 contains both a live green water plant and a live snail. In this setup, which tubes contain at least one organism carrying on cellular respiration?
tubes 1 and 2, only
tubes 2 and 4, only
tubes 3 and 4, only
tubes 2, 3, and 4, only
- 445. Multiple Choice
The setup below shows four test tubes. Tube 1 contains water only. Tube 2 contains a live snail. Tube 3 contains a live green water plant. Tube 4 contains both a live green water plant and a live snail. Which compound that directly provides energy in living cells is being produced in every tube where cellular respiration is occurring?
oxygen
glucose
DNA
ATP
- 446. Multiple Choice
A Chihuahua is born having a trait that is different from either of its parents. A possible explanation for the difference is that the Chihuahua puppy
was produced as a result of the recombination of genes during sexual reproduction
was produced as a result of the process of asexual reproduction
inherited a gene from one of its grandparents and not its parents
had a mutation that occurred after it was born
- 447. Multiple Choice
The diagram below represents a laboratory experiment involving sucrose and water molecules in a cellophane bag which functions in the same way as dialysis tubing. Which statement correctly explains the rise of liquid in the tube at the end of the experiment?
The concentration of sucrose molecules increased as water molecules entered the bag. This concentration increase pushed the liquid up the tube.
Water entered the bag due to the lower concentration of water inside. The extra water pushed the liquid up the tube as the bag filled.
Sucrose indicator entered the bag and reacted with the sucrose molecules. The reaction made the bag increase in size and pushed the liquid up the tube
Sucrose molecules moved out of the bag and up the tube while water moved out, causing the rise of liquid in the tube.
- 448. Multiple Choice
Scientists recently discovered that three different types of squid, a marine animal, previously thought to be three different species, were actually all members of one species. Their earlier ideas were based on using squid carcasses (dead bodies). The new, more accepted classification is most probably based on an analysis of
a greater number of squid carcasses
the feeding habits of the three different species
a number of newly found squid fossils
the DNA present in the cells of squid
- 449. Multiple Choice
The table below represents a segment of a DNA molecule found in a stomach cell, both before and after undergoing replication. Which statement best describes a change that would most likely be observed in the cells formed as a result of this mitotic division?
An enzyme the cell produces might no longer function.
The cells would begin to form gametes to be released.
Many new hormones would be synthesized by the cells.
Chloroplasts would be produced by the ribosomes.
- 450. Multiple Choice
The diagram below represents evolutionary pathways of seven groups of organisms alive today. Which two living species would be expected to have the most similar proteins?
A and C
B and C
E and F
H and M
- 451. Multiple Choice
The diagrams below represent portions of two genes that code for leaf structure in the same species of clover. Gene 1 was taken from the cells of a clover plant with 3 leaves and gene 2 was taken from the cells of a clover plant with 4 leaves. The clover plant having gene 2 (4 leaves) was most likely the result of
an insertion
a deletion
a substitution
normal replication
- 452. Multiple Choice
Increased concern over the number of heat-related illnesses among football players has led to a possible change in uniform design. Shoulder pads were designed that constantly blew cool, dry air underneath the shoulder pads. Tests showed that the use of the device during rest and recovery periods resulted in a reduction of body temperature and heart rate. This new device would help the athlete to
control the rate of muscle activity
increase muscle strength
maintain homeostasis
eliminate the release of heat from the body
- 453. Multiple Choice
The diagram illustrates activities taking place in the body of a human. Vaccinations usually stimulate the body to produce more of
structure A, only
structure B, only
structures A and C, only
structures A, B, and C
- 454. Multiple ChoiceA series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question.scientific methodrecipedata collectionmetric system
- 455. Multiple ChoiceA testable explanation to a problem that has not yet been tested.datatheoryhypothesisfact
- 456. Multiple ChoiceThe name of the information that you get from your experiment (you organize it into charts and graphs).observations
conclusiondatavariableshypothesis - 457. Multiple ChoiceThis is the "brain" of what controls all the activities of the cells.MitochondriaCell membranenucleusnucleus membrane
- 458. Multiple ChoiceWhich level of organization is in order from smallest to largest?Cells, organs, tissues,organ systemsTissues, cells, organ systems, organsOrgan system, organs, tissues, cellscells, tissues,organs, organ systems
- 459. Multiple ChoicePlant cells are the same as animal cells.TrueFalse
- 460. Multiple ChoicePlant cells ......are called Prokaryotic cells.have a cell wall and chloroplast.are usually circular in shapeAll choices are correct.
- 461. Multiple Choice
Which is the strongest base?
ph of 1
ph of 4
ph of 7
ph of 9
- 462. Multiple Choice
Which is the strongest base?
ph of 1
ph of 4
ph of 7
ph of 9
- 463. Multiple Choice
What chemicals are made during photosynthesis (products)?
oxygen
glucose
carbon dioxide
water
sunlight
- 464. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement describes all enzymes?They control the transport of materials.They provide energy for chemical reactions.They affect the rate of chemical reactions.They absorb oxygen from the environment.
- 465. Multiple Choice
1. Why has Earth's human carrying capacity increased greatly?
Other organisms have been displaced by agriculture, so there is more space for humans.
Humans have modified their environment due to technological advances.
Humans can live closer together than other animals
Humans are now eating fewer plants than they used to.
- 466. Multiple Choice
How might an introduced plant species kill native plant species?
. Its rapid growth can deprive native plants of sunlight.
Its rapid growth can deprive native plants of food.
It can cause soil loss from erosion.
Its rapid growth can deprive native plants of oxygen.
- 467. Multiple Choice
1. Why has Earth's human carrying capacity increased greatly?
Other organisms have been displaced by agriculture, so there is more space for humans.
Humans have modified their environment due to technological advances.
Humans can live closer together than other animals
Humans are now eating fewer plants than they used to.
- 468. Multiple ChoiceWhat may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?The insects in the habitat would increase.The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.The willow tree population would decrease.Foxes would dies due to no food source.
- 469. Multiple ChoiceSeries of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eatenfoodwebconsumerfood chainomnivore
- 470. Multiple ChoiceConsumer that eats plantsheterotrophherbivoreproducercommunity
- 471. Multiple ChoiceAn individual belonging to a specific speciesBioticCommunityOrganismReptile
- 472. Multiple ChoiceWhere do chloroplasts get energy from to help make food?ChlorophyLeavesStored SugarSun
- 473. Multiple ChoiceI control movement in and out of a cell. Who am I?Cell WallCytoCell MembraneNucleus
- 474. Multiple ChoiceWater is classified as an inorganic compound because itdoes not contain carbondoes not contain nitrogencontains hydrogencontains oxygen
- 475. Multiple ChoiceTwo examples of carbohydrates arefatty acids and glycerolfats and waxessugars and starchesamino acids and alcohol
- 476. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of homeostasis?taking out the trashdrinking watersweating on a hot daytaking a shower
- 477. Multiple ChoiceWhere does mechanical digestion begin?stomachesophaguspancreasmouth
- 478. Multiple ChoiceWhich body system gets oxygen from the environment and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from the body?CirculatoryRespiratoryDigestiveSkeletal
- 479. Multiple ChoiceThe smallest unit that is a building block for all life.tissueorganellecellmolecule
- 480. Multiple ChoiceWhat picks up oxygen in the lungs and transports it through the body delivering it to the cells?epiglottisred blood cellswhite blood cellsblood
- 481. Multiple Choice
Which set of organs belong to the Nervous System?
Heart, blood vessels
Kidneys, urinary bladder
Esophagus, stomach, intestines
Brain, spinal column
- 482. Multiple Choice
Which organs belong to the Circulatory System
Heart, blood vessels
Esophagus, stomach
Trachea, larynx, pharynx, lungs
Brain, spinal column
- 483. Multiple Choice
What are the levels of organization in order?
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organism, Organ System
Cell, Organ, Tissue, Organ System, Organism
- 484. Multiple ChoiceThe term for maintaining internal temperature is:ThermoregulationThermometerHomeothermalHomeostasis
- 485. Multiple ChoiceHomeostasisallows for a wildly fluctuating internal environmentis impossible in vertebratesis the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulationis the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
- 486. Multiple Choice
What hormone is produced in the pancreas that lowers blood sugar?
Insulin
Glucagon
Ketones
Glucose
- 487. Multiple ChoiceIf the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:keep body temperature the same as the external temperaturedecrease body temperatureincrease body temperatureregulate blood pressure
- 488. Multiple ChoiceThe maintenance of an organism’s internal environment is called:compensatinghomeostasisbalancingroutine
- 489. Multiple Choice
Why is the sensation of thirst important to maintaining homeostasis?
Water removed by the kidneys must be replaced
Oxygen cannot diffuse into cells if a person is dehydrated
Water molecules are needed to carry carbon dioxide waste to the kidneys
- 490. Multiple Choice
Evolution is best defined as:
the process which organisms die.
the process which organisms change over time.
the process which organisms that are extinct become revived.
the process which non-living things fossilize.
- 491. Multiple Choice
What type of evidence is shown in the image above?
Fossils
Vestigial structures
Homologous Structures
DNA
- 492. Multiple ChoiceWhy is the mouse population changing over time?The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark miceThe hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste betterThe hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easilyThe hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
- 493. Multiple Choice
1. Which biome has the highest biodiversity and is the most threatened?
Temperate forests
grasslands
tropical rain forests
deserts
- 494. Multiple ChoiceHomeostasis in the human body is often maintained by a:neutral feedback loopsolar feedback looppositive feedback loopnegative feedback loop
- 495. Multiple ChoiceWhen you are cold, you shiver and your blood vessels contract, which warms you up. When you are hot, you sweat and your blood vessels expand, which cools you down.Positive Feedback ResponseNegative Feedback Loop
- 496. Multiple Choice
Antibiotics only cure ______________.
viruses
fungi
parasites
bacteria
- 497. Multiple Choice
What is the function of insulin?
diagnose diabetes
turn glucose into energy
help glucose enter the cells of the body
all choices
- 498. Multiple ChoiceBlood glucose is regulated by what hormone?LipasePancreaseProlactinInsulin
- 499. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the primary role of enzymes inside of living cells?organizing the translation of proteinsallowing cells to be motileabsorbing ultraviolet raysspeeding up chemical reactions
- 500. Multiple ChoiceWhat is being represented by the letter A in the image?SubstrateEnzymeProductComplex
- 501. Multiple ChoiceWhat is being represented by the letter B in the image?SubstrateEnzymeSubstrateProduct
- 502. Multiple ChoiceWhich substrate would this enzyme catalyze?Δσ∅μ
- 503. Multiple ChoiceWhich substrate would this enzyme catalyze?Δσ∅μ
- 504. Multiple ChoiceMade of monomers of monosaccharidesCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
- 505. Multiple ChoiceMade of monomers of amino acidsCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
- 506. Multiple ChoiceMade of monomers of nucleotidesCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
- 507. Multiple ChoiceMade of glycerol and fatty acidsCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
- 508. Multiple ChoiceIncludes DNA and RNACarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
- 509. Multiple ChoiceInclude sugars (ex. glucose) and starchesCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
- 510. Multiple ChoiceProvide quick energyCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
- 511. Multiple ChoiceWhich cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?ribosome-protein synthesismitochondrion-movementvacuole-cell divisionnucelus-storage of nutrients
- 512. Multiple ChoiceWhich characteristic do most plants have in common?they are unicellularthey are prokaryoticthey produce seedsthey are autotrophic
- 513. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram below represents a cell of a green plant. Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure?ABCD
- 514. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram below represents a cell. Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins?1234
- 515. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement reflects one of the major components of the cell theory?All living things are multi-cellular.Organs are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things.All cells come from previously existing cells.Every organism has a reproductive system to ensure survival of the species.
- 516. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these best completes this concept map?an animal cella prokaryotic cella virusa plant cell
- 517. Multiple Choice
This organelle controls what goes in and out of plant and animal cells.
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Chloroplasts
Cytoplasm
- 518. Multiple ChoiceAn organelle that captures energy from the sunlight in order to use it to produce food in plant cells is ______________.ChromatinChloroplastCytoplasmCell Membrane
- 519. Multiple Choice
The _____________ holds the DNA, and controls the functions of eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
- 520. Multiple ChoiceCell membranes are found inOnly animal cellsOnly plant cellsSome plant and animal cellsAll plant and animal cells
- 521. Multiple Choice
Cell organelles work together to maintain
homeostasis
eukarya
prokarya
organisms
- 522. Multiple Choice
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are found only in multicellular organisms
Eukaryotic cells are found only in unicellular organisms
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not
Prokaryotic cells have DNA and eukaryotic cells do not
- 523. Multiple Choice
When we exercise we use a lot more energy than when we are at rest. How to our cells help to maintain homeostasis during periods of exercise?
The cells will die from using too much energy.
The cells won't be able to keep up so they will multiply and create new cells.
The cells will slowly die from using too much energy.
The cells will create more mitochondria over time to produce more energy.
- 524. Multiple ChoiceThe picture below is an example of _________________.osmosisisotonicdiffusionactive transport
- 525. Multiple ChoicePermeable meansthings can pass throughthe concentration levels are differentit is permanentthings are stuck
- 526. Multiple ChoiceThe diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane is called?OsmosisCell wallDiffusionRespiration
- 527. Multiple ChoiceWhat a cell needs to transport particles by active transport?SunWindEnergyChannels
- 528. Multiple ChoiceWhen both inside and outside of a cell have the same amount of water it is said that the cell has reached a state ofOsmosisDiffusionEquilibrium
- 529. Multiple ChoiceA person would never have pure water put into their veins in a hospital because their cells would...Shrink/DehydrateExpand
- 530. Multiple ChoiceIf there is 5 percent water inside a cell and 5 percent water outside a cellmore water will move inside the cellmore water will move outside the cellThere will be no movement of water cells
- 531. Multiple ChoiceWhich sequence of complementary DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG?ATG TGA CAGTAC ACT GTCGTA AGT GACCAT TCA CTG - 532. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following monomers are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?amino acidsnucleotidesfatty acidspolysaccharides
- 533. Multiple ChoiceIn a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of adenine present is always equal to the amount of _________.cytosineguaninethymineuracil
- 534. Multiple ChoiceThe molecule pictured is a monomer of _______.RNADNAa carbohydratea protein
- 535. Multiple ChoiceA process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.ReplicationTranslationTranscription
- 536. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the template for mRNA?DNAtRNArRNAproteins
- 537. Multiple ChoiceHow many nucleotides make a codon?1236
- 538. Multiple ChoiceHow would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?GCUAUACGATATCGAUAUGCUTUT
- 539. Multiple ChoiceA portion of DNA reads GAG. The corresponding mRNA would beGUGGTGCTCCUC
- 540. Multiple Choice
What amino acid would the DNA TTT get you?
LYS
PHE
VAL
- 541. Multiple Choice
What organelle reads the mRNA and finds the correct amino acid?
DNA
Nucleus
Ribosome
Chloroplast
- 542. Multiple Choice
What would the mRNA codon UAA result in
Lys
Glu
Val
stop
- 543. Multiple ChoiceThe living part of an ecosystemBioticAbioticMother EarthFlowers
- 544. Multiple ChoiceAll of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with each other are called a/an ______.communityhabitatpopulationecosystem
- 545. Multiple ChoiceOrganisms that look similar and can produce fertile offspringSpeciesFishCommunityTrees
- 546. Multiple ChoiceDifferent populations living and interacting with each other in the same areaBiomeEcosystemCommunityNiche
- 547. Multiple ChoiceWho does the owl get energy from?GrassGrasshopperMouseOw
- 548. Multiple ChoiceThe process of changing free nitrogen into a form that organisms can use them.nitrogen formationnitrogen fixationclimate changenitrification
- 549. Multiple ChoiceWho is the producer in this food chain?GrassGrasshopperMouseOw
- 550. Multiple Choice
Using the fungus, "Milky Spore", to reduce the number of grubs that eat your lawn is known as a
biological control
chemical poison
a bad idea
- 551. Multiple ChoiceThe animals that live in this valley have basic needs to survive. ALL BUT one of these non-living features is a basic need of the animals living here.food.oxygen.shelter.carbon dioxide.
- 552. Multiple Choice
What best describes the term succession?
rapid changes that create an ecosystem overnight
gradual changes over time to fully create or restore and ecosystem
forest with the tallest trees
the rate species produce offspring
- 553. Multiple Choice
Which best describes eutriphication?
pond slowly filling with sediment over time; becoming a forest
growth of an ecosystem following a disturbance
forest burning down
humans causing succession
- 554. Multiple Choice
If farmers use a controlled burn to prevent forest fires, what would most likely be the first plants to return?
trees
shrubs
mosses
grasses
- 555. Multiple Choice
Which experiences the least change over time?
Pioneer Species
Primary Succession
Aquatic Succession
Climax Community
- 556. Multiple Choice
Estimate the carrying capacity.
100 deer
80 deer
60 deer
40 deer
- 557. Multiple Choice
Estimate the carrying capacity.
100 deer
80 deer
60 deer
40 deer
- 558. Multiple Choice
Biodiversity, aka biological diversity, usually refers to
the same species in a general location
the number of different species in a given area
the number of animal species in a given area
the number of plant species in a given area
- 559. Multiple ChoiceIn lakes that are exposed to acid rain, fish populations are declining.
This is primarily due to changes in which lake condition?sizepHtemperaturelocation - 560. Multiple ChoiceMethods used to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from smokestacks are an
attempt by humans tolessen the amount of insecticides in the environmenteliminate diversity in wildlifelessen the environmental impact of acid rainuse nonchemical controls on pest species - 561. Multiple Choiceproblem caused by increased levels of CFC's in the atmosphereglobal warmingthermal pollutiongreenhouse effectozone depletion
- 562. Multiple ChoiceThe rapid growth of algae in bodies of water produces a condition called ___.nutriphicationeutrophicationnullificationtranspiration
- 563. Multiple ChoiceIncreases in global temperature is caused byaerosols/CFC'scarbon dioxide, methane, and water vapornitrogenhydrogen
- 564. Multiple ChoiceMeasurements of carbon dioxide correlates fairly closely with the measurements of _____________oxygentemperaturenitrogenwater
- 565. Multiple ChoiceThe fish-eating bird in this food chain likely have the LARGEST _________.concentration of DDTamount of energybiomassnumbers
- 566. Multiple ChoiceWhat human activity is the primary source of acid rain?Carsdeforestationcoal powerplantsvolcanoes
- 567. Multiple ChoiceA person should never drink salty water because their cells wouldshrinkexpand
- 568. Multiple ChoiceBetween starch, glucose, water, and starch indicator, which could NOT pass through an artificial membrane in our lab, because its particles were too big?starchglucosewaterstarch indicator
- 569. Multiple ChoiceWhen was this viewed?After distilled (pure) water was addedafter salt water was added
- 570. Multiple ChoiceWhat does the blue black coloring inside the artificial cell indicate?starch indicator passed through dialysis membraneglucose indicator passed through dialysis membraneglucose had a chemical reaction with starchsomeone spilled ink in their "cell"
- 571. Multiple Choicewhat does the amber coloring of the fluid indicate?glucose has passed through membranestarch has passed through membraneit proves NO glucose passed through membraneit proves NO starch has passed through membrane
- 572. Multiple ChoiceAt this stage of the experiment, have either starch or starch indicator passed (noticeably) though the dialysis tubing?yes, bothyes, starch onlyyes, starch indicator onlyno
- 573. Multiple ChoiceThese onion cells have lost water from their cytoplasm after a certain procedure has been performed. What has caused the change?diffusionactive transportphotosynthesiscellular respiration
- 574. Multiple Choicewhat does the white coloring inside the artificial cell indicate?starch indicator has passed through membraneglucose indicator has passed through membraneit proves NO glucose indicator passed through membraneit proves NO starch indicator has passed through membrane
- 575. Multiple ChoiceWhen was this viewed?After distilled (pure) water was added.After salt water was added
- 576. Multiple ChoiceEvidence that best supports the theory of biological evolution was obtained from the:analysis of food chains and food webscomparison of the number of cells in organismsstudy of fossil recordsinvestigation of environmental niches
- 577. Multiple ChoiceCertain antibacterial soaps kill 99% of the bacteria present on hands. Constant use of these soaps could be harmful over time because:the soap stimulates skin cell divisionlarge populations of pathogens are beneficial to the handsmicrobes prevent viral diseasesmore pathogens may be resistant to the soap
- 578. Multiple ChoiceSome variation must be present in a population in order for natural selection to take place. These variations arise from mutations in the DNA and:sorting of chromosomes during sexual reproductioncombining of chromosomes during organ developmentremoval of chromosomes during selective breedingchanging of chromosomes during cloning
- 579. Multiple ChoiceThe fossil record of ancient life forms provides scientific evidence of:direct harvestinggene manipulationevolutionary changesselective breeding
- 580. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram below represents an evolutionary tree. Which statement best describes species E?Species D is an ancestor of species E.Species E had greater success due to patterns of behavior.Through natural selection, species E produced increased survival mechanisms.Species E had insufficient adaptive characteristics for survival in a changing environment.
- 581. Multiple ChoiceWhich finches would be most like the ancestral finch?large tree finchescactus fincheswarbler fincheslarge ground finches
- 582. Multiple ChoicePresent-day cactus finches are a type of:ground finchancestral finchwarbler finchtree finch
- 583. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram below represents the same field of mice hunted by a hawk over a period of three months. The overall changes in the population of mice can be explained best by:reproductionnatural selectionmouse extinctionsuccession
- 584. Multiple ChoiceThe Galapagos pink land iguana, Conolophus marthae (C. marthae), is native to only one of the Galapagos Islands. Its entire range is currently limited to Wolf Volcano on Isabella Island. The iguana was first discovered on this island in 1986. Genetic studies of the animal began sometime later, and it was identified as a species separate from other iguana populations on the Galapagos in 2009. Its population might have been as high as 100 in 1986, but now there might be as few as 10 of the animals left alive. Other evidence indicates that this species could have diverged from another line of iguanas about 5.7 million years ago. After that, the other line of iguanas diverged into two other species, C. pallidus and C. subcristatus.
In the future, the current population of about ten pink land iguanas will probably:migrate to new islands in the Galapagos in order to survivesoon become extinct, because they have little genetic diversitysoon become extinct, because they have too much genetic diversityundergo evolution by natural selection and survive - 585. Multiple ChoiceThe corn we eat today is larger and has more kernels than the corn people first grew thousands of years ago. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have occurred?mitosissuccessiondirect harvestingselective breeding
- 586. Multiple ChoiceWhich occurrence represents an example of evolution?Exposure to radiation reduces the rate of mutation in leaf cells.A mutation in a liver cell causes a person to produce an enzyme that is less efficient.Cells in a zygote eventually change into bone cells or skin cells.Some antibiotics are almost useless, because pathogens have developed a resistance to these antibiotics.
- 587. Multiple ChoiceThe ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environmentdiversity.evolutionadaptationfitness
- 588. Multiple ChoiceWhy are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.Because they come from dominant alleles.Because they come from recessive alleles.Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
- 589. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?individualpopulationspeciesfossil
- 590. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?Fossil A and C are the same ageFossil B is older than fossil CFossils A is older than fossil BFossil D is older than fossil C
- 591. Multiple ChoiceWhich process is a cause of variation in a species?metamorphosiscellular respirationsexual reproductionregulation
- 592. Multiple ChoiceEvolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur, there must be:variations within a speciesextinction of the speciesasexual reproductionno change in the genes of an organism
- 593. Multiple ChoiceTwo organisms that are closely related would havevery similar DNA sequenceexactly the same DNA sequencesno proteins in commoncompletely different DNA sequence
- 594. Multiple ChoiceSome organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known asvestigial structuresanalogous structureshomologous structuresfossil structures
- 595. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?Fossil A and C are the same ageFossil B is older than fossil CFossils A is older than fossil BFossil D is older than fossil C
- 596. Multiple ChoiceWhat is this an example of?diversity of speciesvariationvestigial structuresDNA studies
- 597. Multiple ChoiceAccording to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to:Species ISpecies IISpecies IIISpecies IV
- 598. Multiple ChoiceOn the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?FrogHareCaimanParrot
- 599. Multiple ChoiceComparing human hemoglobin of chimpanzees, horses, kangaroos, and chickens, reveal that humans have the fewest amino acid differences withKangaroosHorseschickenschimpanzees
- 600. Multiple ChoiceEmbryos of chickens, fish and humans look very similar. They all have folds known as gill pouches in the neck region. What may this suggest?they all formed in the oceanthey all evolved from a common ancestorthey are all going extinct
- 601. Multiple ChoiceThe theory of Evolution by Natural Selection states thatspecies that are extinct have no biological relationship to living speciesdifferent animal species always interbreed to form new and different speciesspecies change over time, sometimes developing into new speciesthe environment of Earth is constant over time
- 602. Multiple ChoiceWhich process allows for the evolution of finches over time?natural selectionasexual reproductionselective breedingecological succession
- 603. Multiple ChoiceWhat eventually happens to a species when the environment changes and the organisms do not adapt? (1) (2) (3) (4)classificationextinctiondevelopmentregulation
- 604. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?the wings of a red-tailed hawkthe hind limbs of a house catthe fins of sharksthe tailbone of a human
- 605. Multiple ChoiceWhich layer is the oldest?1234
- 606. Multiple ChoiceWhen all of the organisms of a species have died it is calledevolutionextinctionadaptationnatural selection
- 607. Multiple ChoiceThe Galapagos pink land iguana, Conolophus marthae (C. marthae), is native to only one of the Galapagos Islands. Its entire range is currently limited to Wolf Volcano on Isabella Island. The iguana was first discovered on this island in 1986. Genetic studies of the animal began sometime later, and it was identified as a species separate from other iguana populations on the Galapagos in 2009. Its population might have been as high as 100 in 1986, but now there might be as few as 10 of the animals left alive. Other evidence indicates that this species could have diverged from another line of iguanas about 5.7 million years ago. After that, the other line of iguanas diverged into two other species, C. pallidus and C. subcristatus.
The testing that revealed that these iguanas are a separate species from the other iguanas present in the Galapagos most likely included:the use of paper chromatographyDNA analysiscloning studiesgenetic engineering - 608. Multiple ChoiceThe Galapagos pink land iguana, Conolophus marthae (C. marthae), is native to only one of the Galapagos Islands. Its entire range is currently limited to Wolf Volcano on Isabella Island. The iguana was first discovered on this island in 1986. Genetic studies of the animal began sometime later, and it was identified as a species separate from other iguana populations on the Galapagos in 2009. Its population might have been as high as 100 in 1986, but now there might be as few as 10 of the animals left alive. Other evidence indicates that this species could have diverged from another line of iguanas about 5.7 million years ago. After that, the other line of iguanas diverged into two other species, C. pallidus and C. subcristatus.
Which evolutionary tree best represents the information about the pink land iguana provided in the passage?1234 - Answer choicesTagsAnswer choicesTags