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144 questions
Which list correctly identifies the energy transfer between A, B and C
A- Conduction, B-Convection, C-Ratiation
A- Convection, B- Radiation, C- Conduction
A- Convection, B- Conduction, C- Radiation
A- Conduction, B- Radiation, C- Convection
The deflection of Earth’s planetary winds is an example of
The Coriolis effect
The Doppler effect
Convection
Gravitational pull
The universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old compared to the age of the solar system, the age of the universe is approximately
The same age as the solar system
Two times older than the solar system
Three times the solar system
Four times the solar system
Which inference can be made about the comet’s orbit, when it is compared to Earth’s orbit ?
Earth’s orbit and the comet’s orbit have the same distance between foci.
Earth’s orbit has a greater distance between foci than the comet’s orbit.
The comet’s orbit has one focus, while Earth’ orbit has two foci
The comet’s orbit has a greater distance between foci than Earth’s orbit.
Which gas is considered a major greenhouse gas?
Methane
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Most of the sand that makes up the sandstone found in New York State was orginally deposited in which type of layers?
Titled
Horizontal
Faulted
Folded
The photograph below shows the results of a landslide
The landslide is an example of
wave action
wind action
mass movement
glacial deposition
Which cross section correctly represents a cold front and the air-mass movements associated with this front?
The magnitude of an earthquake is a number that represents the
arrival time of the first p-wave
difference in arrival time between p-wave and s-wave
distance to the epicenter
energy released by an Earthquake
The map below shows a portion of the coast of Texas. Letter X indicates features formed by wave action.
What is the name of the features indicated by letter X?
barrier island
arc island
deltas
moraines
The average temperature at Earth's North Pole is colder than the average temperature at the Equator because the Equator
receives less ultraviolet radiation
receives more intense insolation
has more cloud cover
has a thicker atmosphere
A city located on the coast of North America has warmer winters and cooler summers than a city at the same elevation and latitude located near the center of North America. Which statement best explains the difference between the cities' climates?
Ocean surfaces change temperature more slowly than land surfaces.
Warm, moist air rises when it meets cool, dry air.
Wind speeds are usually greater over land surfaces than over ocean surfaces.
Ocean surfaces have a lower specific heat than land surfaces.
The station model shows several weather variables recorded at a particular location. What was the most likely dewpoint at this location?
32º F
40º F
61º F
70º F
The diagram shows how prevailing winds cause different weather conditions on the windward and leeward sides of a mountain range. Clouds usually form on the windward sides of mountains because this is where air
rises and cools
rises and warms
sinks and cools
sinks and warms
The prevailing southwesterlies wind belt causes most low-pressure weather systems to travel across the United States from the
southwest toward the northeast
northwest toward the southeast
northeast toward the southwest
southeast toward the northwest
A psychrometer is used to determine which weather variables?
wind speed and wind direction
percentage of cloud cover and cloud height
air pressure and air temperature
relative humidity and dewpoint
The incomplete flowchart below shows some of the changes that occur in warm air as it rises to form a cloud. Which statement should be placed in the empty box to accurately complete the flowchart?
The air warms as it expands.
The air cools until it reaches the dewpoint.
The air's relative humidity decreases to zero.
The air enters the thermosphere.
Compared to an inland location, a location on an ocean shore at the same elevation and latitude is likely to have
cooler winters and cooler summers
cooler winters and warmer summers
warmer winters and warmer summers
warmer winters and cooler summers
The cross section below shows a weather front. 35. The large arrow shows the direction of the movement of the cool air mass. Which type of weather front is shown?
warm front
cold front
occluded front
stationary front
In the United States, most tornadoes are classified as intense
low-pressure funnel clouds that spin clockwise
low-pressure funnel clouds that spin counter-clockwise
high-pressure funnel clouds that spin clockwise
high-pressure funnel clouds that spin counterclockwise
The arrows on which map show the most likely path in which these two pressure centers will move over the next few days?
The arrows on which map best show the pattern of surface winds around these two pressure centers?
Which weather information shown at station B was measured with an anemometer and weather vane?
34
138
Evidence supports the idea that increases in carbon dioxide and methane in Earth’s atmosphere are major contributors to global warming. This is based primarily on the fact that carbon dioxide and methane are excellent absorbers of
gamma rays
microwaves
visible light
infrared radiations
The map shows a portion of the western United States and Canada. Two cities in Canada, Vancouver and Winnipeg, are labeled on the map. Which graph best represents the average monthly air temperatures for Vancouver and Winnipeg?
Which event is an example of chemical weathering?
rocks falling off the face of a steep cliff
feldspar in granite being crushed into clay-sized particles
water freezing in cracks in a roadside outcrop
acid rain reacting with limestone bedrock
The amount of chemical weathering will increase if
air temperature decreases and precipitation decreases
air temperature increases and precipitation decreases
air temperature decreases and precipitation increases
air temperature increases and precipitation increases
The cross section below shows sedimentary bedrock layers A, B, C, and D exposed at Earth’s surface. Which layer appears to be the least resistant to weathering?
A
B
C
D
The accompanying diagram shows granite bedrock with cracks. Water has seeped into the cracks and frozen. The arrows represent the directions in which the cracks have widened due to weathering. Which statement best describes the physical weathering shown by the diagram?
Enlargement of the cracks occurs because water expands when it freezes.
This type of weathering occurs only in bedrock composed of granite.
The cracks become wider because of chemical reactions between water and the rock.
This type of weathering is common in regions of primarily warm and humid climates.
Which factor has the most influence on the development of soil?
climate
longitude
amount of eroded sediment
slope of the landscape
A landscape region that has broad, U-shaped valleys with polished and grooved bedrock was most likely formed by
running water
glaciers
wind
wave action
Which climactic conditions normally produce the greatest chemical weathering?
cool and dry
cool and wet
warm and dry
warm and wet
Which agent of erosion is most likely responsible for the deposition of sandbars along ocean shorelines?
glaciers
mass movement
wave action
wind action
The diagram below shows a section of a meander in a stream. The arrows show the direction of stream flow. The streambank on the outside of this meander is steeper than the streambank on the inside of this meander because the water on the outside of this meander is moving
slower, causing deposition
slower, causing erosion
faster, causing depostion
faster, causing erosion
Unsorted piles of angular sediments were most likely transported and deposited by
wind
glaciers
running water
wave action
Which diagram represents a side view of a sand dune most commonly formed because of the prevailing wind direction shown?
Which cross section best represents the valley shape where a rapidly flowing stream is cutting into the bedrock in a mountainous area?
The block diagram above represents a rapid downslope flow of saturated soil and rock layers. What are two likely causes of this rapid downslope flow?
groundwater and abrasion
groundwater and gravity
prevailing wind and gravity
prevailing wind and abrasion
The landscape feature labeled X is best described as
a flood plain
a sand bar
a delta
an escarpment
When two meanders meet, and the river is redirected, the resulting formation is called
an oxbow lake
a drumlin
a delta
an outwash plain
Which type of climate has the greatest amount of rock weathering caused by frost action?
a dry climate in which temperatures remain below freezing
a dry climate in which temperatures alternate from below freezing to above freezing
a wet climate in which temperatures remain below freezing
a wet climate in which temperatures alternate from below freezing to above freezing
A decrease in a river’s velocity will most likely result in more
erosion by the river
deposition by the river
large particles being carried by the river
dissolved material being picked up by the river
After a heavy rainstorm, vegetation on a hillslope was completely removed. How will this removal of vegetation affect the relative amounts of infiltration and runoff that occur during the next heavy rainstorm?
Infiltration and runoff will both be less.
Infiltration and runoff will both be greater.
Infiltration will be less and runoff will be greater.
Infiltration will be greater and runoff will be less.
The block diagram represents a landscape where caverns and sinkholes have gradually developed over a long period of time. Which type of weathering was primarily responsible for the development of these caves?
physical weathering of sandstone
physical weathering of limestone
chemical weathering of standstone
chemical weathering of limestone
Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because
Light reflects from crystal surfaces
Energy is released during crystallization
Of impurities that produce surface variations
The internal arrangement of atom
Which sample best shows the physical properties normally associated with the slow cooling of magma?
A
B
C
D
Rocks can be classified as sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic based primarily upon differences in their
color
density
age
origin
Which of the following is not a requirement for an object to be classified as a mineral?
it must break along even patterns
it must have a definite chemical composition
it must occur naturally
it must be solid
Compared to land surface temperature changes, water surface temperatures changes occur
More slowly because water has a lower specific heat
More slowly because water has a higher specific heat
Faster because water has a lower specific heat
Faster because water has a higher specific heat
The hydrosphere covers approximately what percentage of Earth’s lithosphere?
100%
50%
70%
25%
Which conditions on Earth’s surface will allow for the greatest amount of water to seep into the ground?
gentle slope and permeable
gentle slope and impermeable
steep slope and permeable
steep slope and impermeable
An increase in the transparency of Earth’s atmosphere is often caused by
a decrease in cloud cover
a decrease in solar radiation
an increase in airborne dust
an increase in the duration of insolation
Earth’s early atmosphere contained carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, water vapor, methane, and ammonia. These gases were present in the atmosphere primarily because
radioactive decay products produced in Earth’s core were released from Earth’s surface
evolving Earth life-forms produced these gases through their activity
Earth’s growing gravitational field attracted these gases from space
volcanic eruptions on Earth’s surface released these gases from the interior
The diagram above represents Earth and the Sun’s incoming rays. Letters A, B, C, and D represent locations on Earth’s surface. Which two locations are receiving the same intensity of insolation?
A and B
B and C
C and D
D and B
In which atmospheric temperature zone does most precipitation occur?
Troposphere
Thermosphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Which processes of the water cycle return water vapor directly to the atmosphere?
evaporation and transpiration
infiltration and capillarity
freezing and precipitation
water retention and runoff
Which transfer of energy occurs mainly through the process of convection?
electromagnetic energy transferred from the Sun to the Moon
solar energy transferred through space to Earth's surface
heated air in the lower atmosphere transferred upward by density differences
heat from radioactive decay transferred by molecular collisions to surrounding mantle rock
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the greenhouse effect in which heat energy is trapped in Earth's atmosphere. Which type of radiation from Earth is the long-wave radiation absorbed by greenhouse gases?
ultraviolet
infrared
visible light
radio waves
The diagram above shows four surfaces of equal area that absorb insolation. Which letter represents the surface that most likely absorbs the greatest amount of insolation?
A
B
C
D
Scientists categorize layers of the atmosphere primarily based on
the relationship between altitude and temperature.
the amount of water vapor present.
the prevalence of ozone
their effectiveness in generating weather patterns.
If the surface soil is saturated and precipitation increases, there will be
a decrease in the amount of groundwater
a decrease in the surface elevation of the lake
a increase in the amount of capillarity
an increase in the amount of runoff
Which force is primarily responsible for the movement of a glacier?
gravity
wind
running water
ground water
A large rock is broken into several smaller pieces. Compared to the rate of weathering of the large rock, the rate of weathering of the smaller pieces is
the same
less
greater
Waves that erode the shore of Lake Ontario are caused primarily by
the rotation of the Earth
differences in temperature of lake water along the shore
winds blowing over the lake surface
the moon's orbit around the Earth
Which is NOT an example of chemical weathering?
The oxidation of a nail left outside for an extended about of time
A tombstone that has had the letters washed away by acid rain
The enlarging of a pothole from cycles of freezing and thawing
An underground cave created from carbonic acid
Why does the Moon and the Sun appear to have the same diameter?
They are both the same size
The Sun is closer so it looks smaller
The Moon is closer to Earth, so it appears bigger
The Moon and Sun are the same distance away from the Earth
At which point on the Earth's surface can a person see the sun overhead at the same time of day as Point B?
D
A
K
J
At which point on the Earth's surface can a person not see the star Polaris overhead at night time?
A
C
E
I
Is this pile of deposition sorted or unsorted?
sorted
unsorted
How do extrusive Igneous rocks cool?
quickly
slowly
What determines the physical properties of a mineral?
density of the mineral
composition of the mineral
density of the mineral
atomic structure of the mineral
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