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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements best describes how human traits are inherited
children receive half of their genes from each parent
only dominant traits are passed from parents to their children
traits skip a generation, passing directly from grandparents to their grandchildren
female children receive genes only from their mothers, and male children receive genes only from their fathers
- 2. Multiple Choice
The heath hen was a wild bird that was once common from New England to Virginia. By 1900, habitat changes and hunting by humans had reduced the heath hen population size to about 100 birds. The species became extinct in 1932.
Which of the following would have been most effective in preventing the decline in the population size of wild heath hens?
vaccinating baby heath hens against human diseases
establishing protected natural areas where heath hens live
introducing new bird species to put selective pressure on heath hens
attaching metal bands to the legs of heath hens to identify them as a protected species
- 3. Multiple Choice
A cell membrane has a double layer of molecules. These molecules are made up of a phosphorous-containing "head" and two long, fatty acid "tails."
Which of the of the following best explains why the molecules are classified as lipids?
they contain phosphorous
they forma double layer
they are made up of fatty acids
they are found in the cell membrane
- 4. Multiple Choice
The feather color of Andalusian chickens is controlled by a single gene with two alleles. A cross between a true-breeding, white-feathered Andalusian hen and a true-breeding, black-feathered Andalusian rooster results in 100% blue-feathered Andalusian offspring.
Which of the following describes the inheritance pattern for feather color in these chickens?
it is a polygenic pattern because more than two phenotypes are possible
It is dominant- recessive pattern because both parents are true breeding
It is a sex-linked pattern because the hen and the rooster have different feather colors
it is a codominant pattern because the heterozygous offspring have different phenotypes than either parent
- 5. Multiple Choice
The cardinal is a type of bird. Which of the following would increase the size of a population of cardinals in a forest?
an increase in the birth rate of cardinals
an increase in the death rate of cardinals
increased emigration of young cardinals from he forest ecosystem
increased immigration of cardinal predators into the forest ecosystem
- 6. Multiple Choice
The growth of plants in many ecosystems is limited by the supply of nitrogen, Which of the following groups of organisms plays the largest role in moving nitrogen between the atmosphere and plants?
bacteria
earthworms
insects
protists
- 7. Multiple Choice
An unfertilized egg cell has six chromosomes. After fertilization, how many chromosomes should the zygote have?
3
6
12
24
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements describes one way that energy is transferred in a food web?
Plants provide energy to consumers
Energy is cycled between producers
Producers store energy made by animals
Consumers obtain energy directly from sunlight
- 9. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows the structure of a bacterial cell
Which of the following distinguishes this bacterial cell from eukaryotes?
The bacterial cell is a unicellular organism, and all eukaryotes are multicellular
Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell, and eukaryotes do not have ribosomes
The bacterial cell has both a cell membrane and a cell wall, and eukaryotes only have cell membranes
DNA in the bacterial cell is always in contact with the cytoplasm, and all eukaryotes have DNA located inside a nucleus
- 10. Multiple Choice
Lithops are multicellular organisms found in sandy soil in deserts. They have large, central vacuoles in their cells that store water.
Which of the following best classifies lithops?
they are bacteria because they store water
they are animals because they are multicellular
they are fungi because they are found in sandy soil
they are plants because they have large, central vacuoles
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the best evidence that two birds belong to the same species?
the two birds eat the same food
the two birds have common behaviors
the tow birds are the same size and color
the two birds mate and produce fertile offspring
- 12. Multiple Choice
Darwin's finches beaks are the result of natural selection. Which of the following conditions was required for natural selection to occur in the Galapagos finches?
low death rates for the finches
low mutation rates in the finches
some genetic variation in the ancestral population
unequal numbers of males and females in the ancestral population
- 13. Multiple Choice
A population of mosquito larvae is living in a large pond. Mosquitofish are a type of fish that eat mosquito larvae.
Which of the following describes a direct effect on the population of mosquito larvae when mosquitofish are introduced to the pond?
births decrease
deaths increase
emigration decreases
immigration decreases
- 14. Multiple Choice
There are many fungus species that live inside plant tissues. What determines whether the relationship between a fungus and a plant is commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism?
where the fungus is located in the plant
how long the fungus survives in the plant
whether the fungus reproduces in the plant with spores, seeds, or runners
whether the effect of the fungus on the plant is neutral, positive or negative
- 15. Multiple Choice
The shape of songbird wings affects the efficiency of flight. Birds with more pointed wings fly long distances more efficiently, and birds with more rounded wings fly short distances more efficiently.
Over the last 100 years, large portions of forests have been cut down, forcing many songbirds to travel to other forests to find mates. Which of the following evolutionary changes has most likely occurred in these bird populations as a result
bird wings are more pointed than they previously were
bird wings are more round than they previously were
young birds learn to use their pointed wings later than they previously did
young birds learn to use their rounded wings earlier than they previously did
- 16. Multiple Choice
A student places four small aquatic snails in a test tube containing bromothymol blue solution. The solution will change color from blue to yellow if the carbon dioxide level increases. The student seals the test tube and notes that the solution is blue. After a few hours, the student observes that the solution is yellow.
What cellular process did the snails perform that caused the color of the solution to change?
cellular respiration
chemical digestion
fermentation
photosynthesis
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is ALWAYS part of normal sexual reproduction?
the male produces gametes by mitosis
an offspring looks identical to the parents at birth
the female carries only one fertilized egg at a time
an offspring receives half its chromosomes from each parent
- 18. Multiple Choice
The green sea turtle is an endangered species. The graph below shows the estimated number of green sea turtle nests on a beach in Costa Rica between 1970 and 2003.
Based on the information in the graph, which of the following is the most likely way humans affected the green sea turtle population during this time?
humans passed laws preventing the collection of green sea turtles
humans collected more green sea turtle eggs for scientists to study
humans passed laws protecting animals that eat green sea turtle eggs
humans built more hotels on the beach where green sea turtles build nests
- 19. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows some food in a structure of human digestive system.
Which of the following describes the primary role of this structure?
to release enzymes that break down food
to make enzymes used in the digestion of food
to mechanically digest food into macromolecules
to push food toward an organs that breaks down macromolecules
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes how a large mouse population with high genetic diversity will most likely be affected by a sudden, significant environmental change?
All of the individuals within the population will reproduce at a higher rate, leading to a decrease in genetic diversity
New traits will arise as a result of new selective pressures in the environment, leading to an increase in genetic diversity
Only those individuals best adapted to the new environment will survive and reproduce, leading to a decrease in genetic diversity
Only some individuals will develop traits to help them survive in the new environment, leading to an increase in genetic diversity
- 21. Multiple Choice
During a running race, a person's breathing rate and heart rate increase. These changes most directly help the person do which of the following?
increase the rate of digestion
decrease the rate of digestion
decrease the rate of protein synthesis in neurons
increase the rate of cellular respiration in the mitochondria
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the best example of homeostasis?
Heart rate increases when person exercises
the chest cavity expands when the diaphragm contracts
the biceps muscle relaxes when the triceps muscle contacts
digestive enzymes are secreted when food enters the stomach
- 23. Multiple Choice
In pea plants, the allele for smooth seeds (R) is dominant to the allele for wrinkled seeds (r). Two parent plants are crossed. Almost half of the offspring have smooth seeds, while the rest of the offspring have wrinkled seeds.
Which of the following identifies the most likely genotypes of the two parent plants?
RR and Rr
RR and rr
Rr and rr
Rr and Rr
- 24. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents several steps in the reproduction and growth of houseflies. Each circle in the diagram represents a cell.
Which labeled step represents the formation of a zygote?
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
- 25. Multiple Choice
Which of the following does the human digestive system break down for the body's cells to use for energy, repair and growth?
carbohydrates and fats only
carbohydrates, fats and oxygen
carbohydrates and proteins only
carbohydrates, fats and proteins
- 26. Multiple Choice
African birds called honeyguides eat beeswax. Most bees’ nests are inside hollow trees where the honeyguides cannot reach them. The honeyguides lead honey badgers, which also eat beeswax, to bees’ nests. The honey badgers then dig out and eat the nests, leaving scraps of wax and honey for the honeyguides.
The relationship between the honeyguides and the honey badgers is an example of
commensalism
competition
mutualism
predation
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a reason for DNA replication in skin cells?
to produce identical daughter skin cells
to enable the skin cells to make more proteins
to allow the skin cells to adapt to a changing environment
to ensure daughter skin cells will have higher genetic diversity
- 28. Multiple Choice
A simple diagram of DNA is shown.
Which of the following is represented by X?
an amino acid
an mRNA bond
a nucleotide base pair
a ribosome binding site
- 29. Multiple Choice
A partial food when is shown.
Which of the following describes the relationship between the earthworms and the beetles in the food web?
the earthworms and the beetles both compete for fungi
the earthworms and the beetles both commuter for robins and moles
the earthworms help the beetles survive, and the beetles do not harm the earthworms
the earthworms help the beetles survive and the beetles help the earthworms survive
- 30. Multiple Choice
Snakes such as boa constrictors and pythons have tiny leg bones buried in their muscles. These leg bones are vestigial structures that have little or no known function in snakes.
Which best explains the presence of these vestigial structures in snakes?
Snakes evolve from organisms with legs
snakes are developing legs for walking on land
snakes born with an extra set of DNA develop legs as they mature
snakes have only one copy of the allele for legs in their chromosomes
- 31. Multiple Choice
Placental mammals are one group of mammals. Using DNA evidence, scientists have concluded that the ancestor of placental mammals diverged from other mammal groups about 160 million years ago.
The analysis of which of the following types of evidence would best verify this conclusion?
behaviors
cells
diets
fossils
- 32. Multiple Choice
Mammals store extra glucose in the form of a compound called glycogen. Which molecule supplies the energy needed to join glucose molecules together to form a molecule of glycogen?
ATP
RNA
oxygen
carbon dioxide
- 33. Multiple Choice
In Florida, mice that live on the white sands of the barrier islands tend to be lighter in color than mice that live in the vegetation on the mainland. Which of the following statements describes how mice on the barrier islands most likely evolved their light coat color through natural selection?
the light-colored mice were easier prey for birds than the dark-colored mice
the light-colored mice learned to shed more of their fur than the dark-colored mice
the light-colored mice had a greater reproductive advantage on the barrier islands than the dark-colored mice
the light-colored mice migrated from the mainland to the barrier more recently than the dark-colored mice
- 34. Multiple Choice
Marsupials are a type of mammal found on the continent of Australia. Marsupials are hypothesized to have descended from an ancestral marsupial species, as represented by the diagram below.
Which of the following conditions most likely caused the ancestral marsupial species to diversify into the the modern-day marsupial species found in Australia?
a variety of predators
hot climate conditions
a variety of environments
little competition for resources
- 35. Multiple Choice
Valvular stenosis is a condition in which the heart valves are stiff and do not open completely. In people with this condition, blood flow to the body is decreased.
How will valvular stenosis most likely affect body cells?
body cells will produce less water than usual
body cells will receive less oxygen than usual
body cells will store more nutrients than usual
body cells will produce more waste products than usual
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