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40 questions
A nosocomial infection is a:
Hospital acquired infection
Highly contagious pathogen that requires strict transmission control conditions
Minor infection
An infection spread by close contact with others in the home
An infection that is highly transmissible by respiratory route would fall under what biosafety level (BSL)?
BSL 1
BSL 2
BSL 3
BSL4
A disinfectant is normally used on the skin.
True
False
________ is the suffix that indicates a chemical or process inhibits growth or multiplication of bacteria.
-stat
-cide
-tion
-a
Vegetative bacteria are able to withstand adverse conditions better than protozoan cysts.
True
False
Bacterial endospores are more resistant to antimicrobial control methods than all other microbial forms.
True
False
Which of the following is the least resistant to antimicrobial control?
Mycobacterium
Non-enveloped virus
Fungi
Enveloped viruses
Which of the following dies more rapidly?
Vegetative cells
Spores
Active bacterium
None: they all die at the same rate.
Which of the following concentration of ethanol is the most effective?
75%
90%
95%
70%
Which of the following methods of action of microbial control methods includes surfactants?
Damage to cell wall
Inhibit synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids
Alter function of proteins and nucleic acids
Disrupt cytoplasmic membrane
If a microbial control method changes the bonds that determine the tertiary structure of a microbe, what method of action has taken place?
Inhibit synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids
Disrupt cytoplasmic membrane
Damage to cell wall
Alter function of proteins and nucleic acids
_______ kills by disrupting cell membrane functions, denaturing proteins, and inactivating nucleic acids.
Refrigeration
Freezing
Heat
Radiation
Heat inactivates proteins/enzymes by:
Breaking their hydrogen bonds
Killing them
Making the cell membrane more fluid, causing them to lose selective permeability
Stopping their metabolism
Dry heat is used for:
Sterilization of clean, wrapped instruments
Thermolable items
Microbial culture media
Metal
_________ cannot be used for surgical instruments with sharp cutting edges.
Dry chemicals
Dry heat
Steam heat
Refrigeration
Which of the following methods of physical control non-specifically alters proteins and nucleic acids?
Gamma radiation
Electron beam radiation
Ultraviolet radiation
Non-ionizing radiation
Used to decontaminate packages
Ultraviolet radiation
Gamma radiation
Electron beam radiation
Dry heat
Which of the following physical control methods require lengthy direct contact with a microbe?
Ultraviolet radiation
Electron beam radiation
Ionizing radiation
Gamma radiation
A pore size of _______ is often used for sterilization during filtration.
0.08 um
0.45 um
0.05-0.45 um
0.22 um
HEPA filtration removes particles ______ and larger.
0.2 um
0.05 um
1 um
0.3 um
Removal of particles with HEPA filtration is accomplished by sieve in common paper filters rather than by adherence of particles to the fibers.
True
False
_____ kills vegetative bacteria, but not spores.
Dry heat
Pressurized steam
Boiling
Incineration
An antiseptic is a ______ level disinfectant.
High
Low
Intermediate
___________ kills vegetative bacteria within minutes, and spores within 3-10 hours.
Glutaraldehyde
Hydrogen peroxide
Lysol
Alcohol
Which of the following chemicals are inactivated by organic material?
Phenolic compounds
Chlorine compounds
Chlorhexidine
Benzethonium chloride
____________ hydrogen peroxide can be considered a sterilants when used appropriately.
Aqueous
Vaporized
Neither, hydrogen peroxide cannot be used to sterilize.
Which of the following antiseptics disrupts metabolic enzymes and
Iodophors
Hand sanitizer
Aqueous hydrogen peroxide
Quaternary ammonium
Beta-lactam antibiotics use the mechanism of action:
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
Inhibitors of protein synthesis
Inhibitors of cell membrane function
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis
Cell-membrane enzymes responsible for synthesizing peptidoglycan
Penicillin binding proteins
Catalase
Peptidase
Examples of beta lactate antibiotics are:
Carbapenems
Erythromycin
Tetracyclines
Rifampin
Beta-lactam antibiotics are primarily effective against existing peptidoglycan.
True
False
Beta-lactam antibiotics are most effective against
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria
Inhibits translation by binding to 30S ribosomal protein, causing misreading of mRNA and incomplete synthesis of protein molecules.
Aminoglycosides
Macro lines
Chloramphenicol
Tetracyclines
Binds onto the cross-link peptide
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Isoniazid
What does this picture represent?
Inhibition of cell membrane function
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Inhibition of bacterial metabolism
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Polymyxins, an inhibitor of cell membrane function, is active against gram-negative bacteria. What characteristic limits it to topical use?
GI toxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Damage to lungs if inhaled
DNA breakage
Converts into a false nucleotide that incorporates into fungal RNA
Rifampin
Metronidazole
Flucytosine
Fluoroquinolones
What method of action does fluconazole exhibit?
Inhibition of bacterial metabolism
Antiviral
Inhibition of cell wall function
Inhibition of protein synthesis
The inhibition of viral DNA-polymerase takes place in what method of microbial control?
Antiviral
Antimetabolite
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Which of the following is not a primary site of action of antimicrobic drugs on cell walls?
Ribosomes
50 S subunit
35 S subunit
DNA
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