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- 1. Multiple Choice
How old is our solar system and universe?
Our Sun is estimated to be 9 billion years old. Our universe is estimated to be 13 to 14 billion years old.
Our Sun is estimated to be 4.6 billion years old. Our universe is estimated to be 13 to 14 billion years old.
Our Sun is estimated to be 9 billion years old. Our universe is estimated to be 9 billion years old.
Our Sun is estimated to be 4.6 billion years old. Our universe is estimated to be 9 billion years old.
- 2. Multiple Choice
What type of star is our sun? How is it classified?
Our Sun is an average white star and is presently positioned on the main sequence.
Our Sun is an average yellow star and is presently positioned on the main sequence.
Our Sun is an average yellow star and is presently positioned on the white dwarfs.
Our Sun is an average white star and is presently positioned on the white dwarfs.
- 3. Multiple Choice
What is the nature of our galaxy's shape?
The shape of our galaxy is elliptical, with our solar system located on an outer arm of our rotating galaxy. It is theorized that galaxies rotate due to a supermassive black hole located at the center of all galaxies.
The shape of our galaxy is elliptical, with our solar system located on an outer arm of our rotating galaxy. It is theorized that galaxies rotate due to a supermassive supergiant located at the center of all galaxies.
The shape of our galaxy is spiral, with our solar system located on an outer arm of our rotating galaxy. It is theorized that galaxies rotate due to a supermassive supergiant located at the center of all galaxies.
The shape of our galaxy is spiral, with our solar system located on an outer arm of our rotating galaxy. It is theorized that galaxies rotate due to a supermassive black hole located at the center of all galaxies.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which star color indicates the hottest star surface temperature?
blue
white
yellow
red
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which location on the graph best represents a star with average brightness and temperature?
A
B
C
D
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which star is more massive than our Sun, but has a lower surface temperature?
40 Eridani B
Aldebaran
Barnard's Star
Sirius
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which star is hotter and many times brighter than Earth's Sun?
Barnard's Star
Betelgeuse
Rigel
Pollox
- 8. Multiple Choice
Compared with our Sun, the star Betelgeuse is
smaller, hotter, and less luminous
smaller, cooler, and more luminous
larger, hotter, and less luminous
larger, cooler, and more luminous
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which two stars have the most similar luminosity and temperature?
Betelgeuse and Barnard's Star
Alpha Centauri and the Sun
Rigel and Betelgeuse
Sirius and Procyon B
- 10. Multiple Choice
Compared to the temperature and luminosity of the star Polaris, the star Sirius is
hotter and more luminous
hotter and less luminous
cooler and more luminous
cooler and less luminous
- 11. Multiple Choice
Betelgeuse and Aldebaran are both red-giant stars. Give a statement comparing their luminosity and temperature values.
Betelgeuse is more luminous and hotter than Aldebaran
Betelgeuse is less luminous and hotter than Aldebaran
Betelgeuse is more luminous and cooler than Aldebaran
Betelgeuse is less luminous and cooler than Aldebaran
- 12. Multiple Choice
A star located off of the main sequence indicates what?
It is about to become a protostar.
It is about to enter the intermediate or late stage of star development.
It is about to enter the early stage of star development.
It is about to start nuclear fusion.
- 13. Multiple Choice
What do higher values of eccentricity indicate about the shape of an orbit?
The larger the eccentricity, the more irregular the orbit will be.
The larger the eccentricity, the more circular the orbit will be.
The larger the eccentricity, the more elliptical the orbit will be.
The larger the eccentricity, the longer the orbit takes to revolve around the Sun.
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which object is located at one foci of the elliptical orbit of Mars?
Betelgeuse
the Sun
Earth
Jupiter
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which planet has the most eccentric orbit?
Mercury
Venus
Neptune
Saturn
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following eccentricity values would produce the most eccentric orbit?
.009
.09
.01
.34
- 17. Multiple Choice
The gravitational attraction between the star and this planet will be greatest at what position?
B
A
C
D
- 18. Multiple Choice
The Sun is at F1. Within the given diagram, which choice correctly indicates where F2 would be located?
- 19. Multiple Choice
Give the season (in the Northern Hemisphere) when Earth is at perihelion.
summer
winter
spring
fall
- 20. Multiple Choice
Give the season (in the Northern Hemisphere) when Earth is at aphelion.
summer
winter
spring
fall
- 21. Multiple Choice
What season is Earth's orbital velocity the slowest?
summer
winter
spring
fall
- 22. Multiple Choice
The best evidence of Earth’s rotation is provided by the
shape of Earth’s orbit
shape of the Milky Way galaxy
changes in the total yearly duration of insolation at a location on Earth
apparent changes in the direction of swing of a Foucault pendulum
- 23. Multiple Choice
Which motion causes the constellation Orion to be visible at midnight from New York State in winter but not in summer?
rotation of Earth
rotation of Orion
revolution of Earth
revolution of Orion
- 24. Multiple Choice
At which latitude is the Sun directly overhead on certain days of the year?
23.5° N
42° N
66.5° N
90° N
- 25. Multiple Choice
Which season is beginning in New York State on the day represented in the diagram?
winter
spring
summer
fall
- 26. Multiple Choice
An observer recorded the times of three successive high tides at one Earth location as shown. What was the time of the next high tide?
8:12 p.m.
8:38 p.m.
8:30 p.m.
9:04 p.m.
- 27. Multiple Choice
The highest tides on Earth occur when the Moon is in positions
1 and 3
3 and 2
2 and 4
4 and 1
- 28. Multiple ChoiceTides are caused bystrong winds that blow over ocean waters.the interaction of Earth, the moon and the sun.the shifting of the plates on the ocean floor.variations in the salinity of ocean water
- 29. Multiple ChoiceOcean tides observed at coastal locations each day are primarily caused byseasonal changes in the compass location of sunrisethe gravitational attraction between the Moon and Earththe changing phases of the MoonEarth’s revolution around the Sun
- 30. Multiple ChoiceIn general, tides occur...each hour2 times a dayeach monthtwice a month
- 31. Multiple ChoiceA high tide occurred at 6:00 a.m. at a beach on Long Island. The next high tide at this same beach would occur at approximately12:15 p.m. on the same day6:30 p.m. on the same day12:45 p.m. on the following day7:00 a.m. on the following day
- 32. Multiple ChoiceBased on the table, what time will the next high tide be?12:52 AM6:39 PM12:52 PM6:39 AM
- 33. Multiple ChoiceHow many days does it take for the moon to complete one full cycle of phases as seen from Earth?one hourone dayone monthone year
- 34. Multiple ChoiceHow many days does it take for the moon to go from first quarter to full moon as seen from Earth?about one hourabout 6 hoursabout one dayabout 7 days
- 35. Multiple ChoiceHow many days does it take for the moon to go from new moon to full moon as seen from Earth?about 12 hoursabout 2 weeksabout 2 daysabout 2 months
- 36. Multiple ChoiceSpring tides are when you have the highest high tides and the lowest low tides. What phase of the moon is spring tide?Third QuarterNew MoonFirst QuarterFull Moon
- 37. Multiple ChoiceNeap tides are when you have the smallest difference between high and low tides. What phase of the moon is neap tide?None of TheseNew MoonFirst QuarterFull Moon
- 38. Multiple ChoiceWhich positions of the moon would you have a neap tide?A and GA and EC and EC and G
- 39. Multiple ChoiceWhich positions of the moon could you have a solar eclipse?ACGE
- 40. Multiple ChoiceWhich positions of the moon could you have a lunar eclipse?ACGE
- 41. Multiple ChoiceWhen the arctic circle is experiencing 24 hours darkness, what day of the year is represented?Dec 21 - First Day of WinterMar 21 - First Day of SpringJun 21 - First day of SummerSept 21- First day of Fall
- 42. Multiple ChoiceWhen the arctic circle is experiencing 24 hours of light, what day of the year is represented?Dec 21 - First Day of WinterMar 21 - First Day of SpringJun 21 - First day of SummerSept 21- First day of Fall
- 43. Multiple ChoiceWhat day of the year is represented by the image shown?Dec 21Mar 21Jun 21Sept 21
- 44. Multiple ChoiceWhat day of the year is represented by the image shown?Dec 21Mar 21Jun 21Sept 21
- 45. Multiple ChoiceOn March 21 or Sept 23, as we are on an Equinox day, what line of latitude are the sun's direct rays reaching?23.5°N - The Tropic of Cancer23.5°S - The Tropic of Capricorn0° - The Equator66.5°N - The Arctic Circle
- 46. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the name of this line at 0 degrees latitude?Prime MeridianEquatorNorth PoleSouth Pole
- 47. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the latitude of the observer?20oN20oS70oN70oS
- 48. Multiple ChoiceEvery hour, Earth spins ______________.15° of longitude15° of latitude24° of longitude24° of latitude
- 49. Multiple ChoiceThere is a 4 hour time difference between A and B. What is the difference in Longitude between these locations?15o23.5o45o60o
- 50. Multiple Choice
What is the relationship described by Kepler's Third Law?
The farther a planet is from the sun, the longer the period of revolution is for that planet.
The farther a planet is from the sun, the shorter the period of revolution is for that planet.
The closer a planet is to the sun, the longer the period of revolution is for that planet.
The closer a planet is to the sun, the shorter the period of revolution is for that planet.
- 51. Multiple Choice
What is the shape of the planets' orbits around the sun and why?
Since all planets have an eccentricity value greater than one, they all orbit the sun in elliptical orbits.
Since all planets have an eccentricity value greater than zero, they all orbit the sun in elliptical orbits.
Since all planets have an eccentricity value greater than zero, they all orbit the sun in circular orbits.
Since all planets have an eccentricity value greater than one, they all orbit the sun in circular orbits.
- 52. Multiple Choice
Which planet has the highest density?
Mercury
Earth
Jupiter
Saturn
- 53. Multiple Choice
Which planet is approximately 20 times farther from the Sun than Earth is?
Jupiter
Uranus
Saturn
Neptune
- 54. Multiple Choice
Which scale diagram best compares the size of Earth with the size of Venus?
- 55. Multiple Choice
Which planet's orbit around the Sun is most nearly circular?
Venus
Mercury
Neptune
Earth
- 56. Multiple Choice
Terrestrial planets move more rapidly in their orbits than the Jovian planets because terrestrial planets are
rotating on a tilted axis
more dense
more massive
closer to the Sun
- 57. Multiple Choice
The Moon revolves around the center of
Polaris
Earth
Aldebaran
the Milky Way Galaxy
- 58. Multiple Choice
How do Jupiter's density and period of rotation compare to Earth's?
Jupiter is less dense and has a longer period of rotation.
Jupiter is less dense and has a shorter period of rotation.
Jupiter is more dense and has a longer period of rotation.
Jupiter is more dense and has a shorter period of rotation.
- 59. Multiple Choice
Which graph best represents the relationship between a planet's average distance from theSun and the time the planet takes to revolve around the Sun?
- 60. Multiple Choice
Which planet takes more time to complete one rotation on its axis than to complete one revolution around the Sun?
Venus
Mercury
Mars
Jupiter
- 61. Multiple Choice
The Sun's position in space is best described as the approximate center of
a constellation
our solar system
the universe
the Milky Way galaxy
- 62. Multiple Choice
What is the most important thing we can learn from Tycho Brahe's experience?
All the planets move in elliptical orbits
Be careful whom you hire as your assistant
Don't hold it too long
All of the above
- 63. Multiple Choice
According to Kepler's Second Law, what happens?
Planets move slower as they approach the Sun and cover less orbital area.
Planets move faster as they approach the Sun and cover more orbital area.
Planets move faster as they approach the Sun and cover the same orbital area.
Planets move slower as they approach the Sun and cover the same orbital area.
- 64. Multiple Choice
According to Kepler's First Law, what shape are the orbits of all planets?
Spheres
Circles
Ellipses
Oblate spheroids
- 65. Multiple Choice
What observation did Hubble make regarding distant galaxies?
They are approaching the Earth at a constant rate.
They are moving away from Earth at a faster rate the farther they are away.
They are approaching the Earth at a slower rate the closer they get.
They are moving away from Earth at a constant rate.
- 66. Multiple Choice
What two factors create the orbits of the planets?
Gravity and inertia
Mass and distance
Area and volume
Age and shape
- 67. Multiple Choice
What do we measure to calculate the Doppler effect?
Mass of planets
Luminosity of stars
Length of electromagnetic wavelengths
Period of revolution
- 68. Multiple Choice
When a source of light moves toward an observer, the wavelength gets
shorter and bluer
longer and bluer
shorter and redder
longer and redder
- 69. Multiple Choice
When a source of light moves away from an observer, the wavelength gets
shorter and bluer
shorter and redder
longer and redder
shorter and redder
- 70. Multiple Choice
The observed red shift of light from distant galaxies provides evidence that
the Earth revolves around the Sun
the universe is expanding
supergiant stars have a high luminosity
Saturn has rings
- 71. Multiple Choice
If such a thing were possible, which planet would float in water?
Earth
Jupiter
Neptune
Saturn
- 72. Multiple Choice
The prevailing theory for the creation of the universe is known as
the big bang
the heliocentric model
the Doppler effect
Kepler's Fourth law
- 73. Multiple Choice
What direction is the sunrise in Brooklyn on March 21?
North
East
South
West
- 74. Multiple Choice
What direction is the sunset in Brooklyn on December 21?
Northeast
Northwest
Southeast
Southwest
- 75. Multiple Choice
Where in New York State could this observer be standing?
Plattsburgh
Elmira
Syracuse
Jamestown
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