nonviolence

religious diversity

foreign rule

nonalignment

begin a cycle of armed revolution

draw attention to critical issues

increase the strength of the military

resist the power of religious leaders

an appeasement policy

civil disobedience

traditional caste beliefs

divide-and-conquer principles

ending religious conflict between Muslims and Hindus

introducing Western institutions to India

continuing the caste system in India

preventing the partition of the Indian subcontinent

Many jobs were being outsourced overseas.

The government offered housing incentives in newly developed areas.

Religious pilgrimages to neighboring countries were required based on their beliefs.

The subcontinent was divided into countries based primarily on the location of religious majorities.

demand democratic reforms

encourage ethnic rivalry

promote a united Africa

divide Africa into separate countries

a rise in nationalism in several African countries

the end of apartheid in South Africa

a resurgence of colonialism in east Africa

the revival of Islam in northern Africa

the topographic features of the continent

the patterns of European colonialism

traditional African language groups

the location of ancient African tribal kingdoms

promote laissez-faire capitalism

end foreign control

develop modern industries

create a totalitarian state

shortage of skilled technical workers

scarcity of natural resources

lack of water for hydroelectric power

reluctance to accept economic aid from the United Nations

Most African nations have rejected membership in the United Nations.

For economic reasons, many African nations have maintained ties with their former colonial powers.

Most African nations are experiencing a decrease in urbanization.

Most African nations are miIitary allies of Russia.

secure political power for the majority of the people

encourage a greater degree of industrialization

improve the economy by expanding governmental control

gain independence from the Soviet Union

allowed for educational opportunities

determined roles based on gender

revolved around central religious beliefs

enforced different sets of rules for distinct groups of people

collectivization

apartheid

intifada

communism

The African National Congress was outlawed

Afrikaners demanded that only they should have ruling power.

Many foreign countries boycotted South African products.

President de Klerk and Desmond Tutu were imprisoned.

The European nations wanted control of the oil fields around the Suez Canal.

The Suez Canal was an important link between European nations and their Asian trading partners.

Great Britain and France were allies of Israel, which had originally controlled the Suez Canal.

Seizure of the Suez Canal indicated Egypt's rejection of democratic principles.

Balfour Declaration

Kyoto Protocol

Communist Manifesto

Treaty of Nanjing

wants the huge oil reserves that lie under the disputed land

believes that the United States favors the other side in the conflict

claims sovereignty over the same land

seeks to control trade on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea

the presence of Israeli ships in the Suez Canal

the interference of Libya in Middle Eastern affairs

the demand of Palestinian Arabs for their own homeland

Soviet support for radical Arab groups in occupied territories

nationalism was no longer a force in Middle Eastern politics

the differences between Shi'ite and Sunni Moslems had been settled

former enemies were able to negotiate

the Soviet Union dominated Middle Eastern affairs