Committee made up of a small number of parliamentary members appointed to deal with particular areas or issues

Committee made up of members of both chambers of a bicameral legislature.

Body that is charged with reviewing and making recommendations for government budgets.

Employees of the United States Congress or individual members of Congress.

organizations that seek "a collective good, the achievement of which will not selectively and materially benefit the membership or activities of the organization".

Group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic. Most are composed of members from both parties and from both houses

Influencers playing dominant roles in scheduling hearings, hiring staff, appointing subcommittees, and managing committee bills.

groups that have a narrow interest, tend ot dislike compromise, and often draw membership from people new to politics.

Use of government authority to control or change some practice in the private sector.

System of hiring and promoting based on the merit principle and is designed to create a nonpartisan government service.

Service that could be provided by the private sector and usually charges for its services.

Hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization and operates on the merit principle.

President's ability to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it. A two thirds vote in each house can override a veto

Political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law, prescribed by the Constitution for accusations of treason, bribery, or other high crimes.

Amendment in the constitution that limits presidents to two terms of office.

Sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event requiring the president to play the role of crisis manager.

Vietnam war

Watergate

Clinton Scandal

Mk Ultra

3 member body appointed by the president to advise the president on economic policy.

An office created in 1947 to coordinate the president's foreign and military policy advisors.

Group of presidential advisors not mentioned in the Constitution, is composed of 13 secretaries and the attorney general.

consisting of political appointees and hundreds of skilled professionals. They performs both managerial and budgetary functions.

Requires presidents to consult w/ congress whenever possible prior to using military force & withdrawl forces within 60 days.

Allowed presidents to let a bill die within 10 days of being submitted to the president from congress, by neither signing it or vetoing it.

Allowed for the creation of a new amendment that limits presidents to two terms of office.

Give the president the ability to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it, but can be overridden with a 2/3 vote

Handful of political appointees and hundreds of skilled professionals, which perform both managerial and budgetary functions.

A three-member body appointed by the president to advise the president on economic policy.

Office that coordinate the president's foreign and military policy advisors.

Presidential advisors not mentioned in the Constitution, composed of 14 secretaries & attorney general.

Joint Committee

House Ways and Means committee

Standing Committee

House of Representative

Act designed to reform the congressional budgetary process, including by forcing Congress to look at the budget as a whole.

Not listed below

Resolution binding Congress to a total expenditure level, also the bottom line of all federal spending for all programs.

Advise congress on the probable consequences of its decisions, forecast revenues, and counterweight to OMB.

appropriation bills

continuing resolutions

authorization bill

budget resolution

Act that binded Congress to a total expenditure level, supposedly the bottom line of all federal spending for all programs.

Act of Congress that establishes, continues, or changes a discretionary government program or an entitlement.

Congressional process through which program authorizations are revised to achieve required savings.

When Congress cannot reach agreement and pass appropriations bills, these allow agencies to spend at the level of the previous year.

An excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues.

The financial resources of the government.

Revenue losses that result from special exemptions, exclusions, or deductions allowed by federal tax law

All the money borrowed by the federal government over the years and still outstanding.

Those who are in constant contact with the public and have administrative discretion.

Those already holding office.

The principal leader of the minority party in the House of Representatives or in the Senate.

One who is responsible for scheduling bills, influencing committee assignments, and rounding up votes in behalf of the party.

Policy implementation

Government corporation

Independent executive agency

administrative discretion.

Use of government authority to control or change some practice in the private sector. Pervade daily lives of people.

Lifting restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities for which government rules had been administered.

A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics.

strategy unique to the Senate whereby opponents of a piece of legislation try to talk it to death, based on the tradition of unlimited debate.

Executive Orders

Command and Control policy

Administrative Discretion

Independent regulatory commission

Deregulation

Administrative discretion

Incentive system

Command-and- control policy

The power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Federal courts that hear appeals from district courts; no trials.

A written statement by an attorney that summarizes a case and the laws and rulings that support it.

A signed opinion in which one or more justices disagree with the majority view.

Lawsuits permitting a small number of people to sue on behalf of others similarly affected.

A signed opinion in which one or more justices disagree with the majority view.

Jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These are the courts that determine the facts of a case.

The part that initiates a lawsuit.

The 91 federal courts of original jurisdiction. They are the only federal courts in which no trials are held and in which juries may be empaneled.

The lowest federal courts; federal trials can be held only here.

Federal courts that hear appeals from district courts; no trials.

Appellate courts empowered to review all final decisions of district courts, except in rare cases. In addition they also hear appeals to orders of many federal regulatory agencies.

Remedy

Dissenting opinion

Concurring opinion

Plaintiff

Original jurisdiction

Appellate jurisdiction

Amicus curiae brief

Justiciable disputes

Requirement plaintiffs have a serious interest in a case, which depends on whether they have sustained or are likely to sustain a direct and substantial injury, from a party or an action of government.

An order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up a case for review.

The jurisdiction of courts that hear cases brought to them on appeal from lower courts These courts do not review the factual record, only the legal issues involved.

An examination of the political ideology of a nominated judge.

Those already holding office. In congressional elections, incumbents usually

The part that initiates a lawsuit.

The mighty list of federal projects, grants and contracts available to cities, businesses, colleges and institutions available in a congressional district.

The mighty list of federal projects, grants and contracts available to cities, businesses, colleges and institutions available in a congressional district.

A proposed law, drafted in precise, legal language, only a member of the House of Representatives or the Senate can formally submit this for consideration.

Separate subject-matter committees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas.

A legislature divided into two houses. the U.S Congress and every American state legislature except Nebraska's are bicameral.

The principal leader of the minority party in the House of Representatives or in the Senate.