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Wingenbach Research Design_Variables and Hypotheses
22 questions
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- 1. Multiple Choice
The variable manipulated by the researcher in an experiment is called the
response variable.
independent variable.
dependent variable.
extraneous variable.
- 2. Multiple Choice
A researcher conducted an experiment to see if increasing water consumption lessens the visible effects of rosacea, a common skin condition. The dependent variable in this experiment was
rosacea.
increased water consumption.
the amount of water consumed.
the visible condition of the skin.
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following would not be an appropriate synonym for the dependent variable?
outcome variable
response variable
effected variable
experimental variable
- 4. Multiple Choice
An example of a quantitative variable is the
month of birth.
highest educational degree earned.
time taken to complete a spatial reasoning task.
telephone area code.
- 5. Multiple Choice
If a researcher studies fourth-grade students to determine the effects of rewarding good behavior on subsequent behavior, which of the following is least likely to be an extraneous variable?
student grade level
student attitude
teacher characteristics
parent's parenting style
- 6. Multiple Choice
What type of research would be least likely to include a research hypothesis?
intervention research
associational research
descriptive research
None of these would be likely to include a research hypothesis.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory?
A theoretical prediction can be stated as a specific hypothesis.
When a hypothesis has been proven it becomes a theory.
Weak theories are hypotheses, and strong theories are scientific laws.
"Theory" is another name for hypothesis.
- 8. Multiple Choice
An example of a categorical variable is
teacher hair color.
the time it takes a teacher to grade an essay.
the length a teacher has to walk from the office to her class.
the time is takes for a teacher to drive to work.
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which variables are those that a researcher chooses to study in order to assess their possible effects on one or more other variables?
dependent
independent
extraneous
none of these
- 10. Multiple Choice
This variable is influenced by the independent variable.
manipulated
extraneous
dependent
all of these
- 11. Multiple Choice
These variables are those that are created by the researcher. These are typically found in experimental studies.
extraneous
manipulated
dependent
none of these
- 12. Multiple Choice
A hypothesis can be described as
a hunch.
a wild guess.
a type of statement made by researchers when they are attempting to get funding for their research.
a prediction of some sort regarding the possible outcomes of a study.
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an advantage of stating hypotheses?
It forces the researcher to think more deeply and specifically about the possible outcomes of a study.
It simplifies the study.
It clarifies definitions.
It reduces researcher bias.
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a disadvantage of stating hypotheses?
A hypothesis involves a philosophy of science, thus enabling one to make specific predictions on the basis of prior evidence or theoretical argument.
It may prevent researchers from noticing phenomena that do not conform to the hypothesis.
It increases sample size.
It results in unethical procedures.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an example of a directional hypothesis?
There will be a difference between the students' reading levels.
There will be a difference between lecture and group instruction.
Group instruction is more effective than lecture in the elementary classroom.
There will be an increase in learning.
- 16. Multiple Choice
A variable that clarifies the application of a relationship is called
an extraneous variable
an independent variable
a moderator variable
a dependent variable
- 17. Multiple Choice
"Students taught first aid by programmed instruction will achieve at a higher level than those taught first aid by the traditional method." The independent variable in this hypothesis is:
students
level of achievement
programmed instruction
method of instruction
- 18. Multiple Choice
In this example, "Students taught first aid by programmed instruction will achieve at a higher level than those taught first aid by the traditional method," the dependent variable is:
level of achievement
students
programmed instruction
method of instruction
- 19. Multiple Choice
Statements or predictions that are tested by collecting and analyzing objective evidence are called:
assumptions
indicators
hypotheses
premises
- 20. Multiple Choice
"Learning disabled children who attend public school programs will show greater increases in social competence than will comparable children who attend institutional programs." This is an example of a(n):
directional research hypothesis
assumption
research question
nondirectional research hypothesis
- 21. Multiple Choice
Empirically testing a hypothesis is the process of determining:
if systematic observation confirms it
whether it fits with previous knowledge
its logical consistency
whether it is related to the problem at hand
- 22. Multiple Choice
A research report states that Group A was exposed to a new teaching method and Group B was exposed to a traditional method. At the end of a four-month period, each group was given the same achievement test. Group A had a mean score that was higher than the mean score for Group B. The dependent variable in this study was the:
achievement scores of the students
motivation of the students
type of teaching
length of the period of instruction
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