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- 1. Multiple Choice
As part of an experiment to measure decomposition rates of different materials, students put food scraps from the cafeteria in compost bin A and leaves and grass clippings in compost bin B for six weeks. A diagram of the school and the compost piles are shown below.
Students in first period measured the temperature in bin A, and students in sixth period measured the temperature in bin B. What is the greatest error in the students' experimental design?
The materials chosen decompose too rapidly.
The students put equal masses of materials in each bin.
There are too many uncontrolled variables in the experiment.
Temperature is the only dependent variable in the experiment.
- 2. Multiple Choice
Cell theory is one of the fundamental tenets of biology. Which of the following observations supports the current cell theory?
Muscle fibers contain many nuclei.
Stem cells can spontaneously generate.
Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus.
Cells from a multi-cellular organism can be grown in isolation, separate from the organism.
- 3. Multiple Choice
A diagram of plant and animal cells are shown below. What is the function of the organelle that is labeled A in this diagram?
Controls the cell
Supports rigid shape of the cell
Stores water and mineral ions
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
- 4. Multiple Choice
A red blood cell is 90% water. A red blood cell is placed in an 11% water solution. What will most likely happen to the red blood cell?
The cell will burst
The cell will shrink
The cell will not be affected
The cell will continually grow then shrink
- 5. Multiple Choice
The structure of a cell is shown in the figure. Based on the figure, which structures are present in both animal and plant cells?
A, C, and F
B, C, and E
C, D, and E
A, B, and D
- 6. Multiple Choice
Using the DNA strand AGC TTG, which of the following statements best describes DNA replication?
The strand TCG AAC is produced by complimentary base pairing with DNA
The strand TCG AAC is produced by complimentary base pairing with RNA
The strand UCG AAC is produced by complimentary base pairing with DNA
The strand UCG AAC is produced by complimentary base pairing with mRNA
- 7. Multiple Choice
DNA is composed of strands of nucleotides that pair in regular patterns and are held together by forces shown in the diagram below. What are the names of those bonds?
hydrogen bonds
carbon-carbon bonds
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
- 8. Multiple Choice
Mutations can occur during mitosis and meiosis. Which of the following statements about mutations is true?
Mutations in the DNA of body cells cannot affect the individual in which they happen.
A mutation in the DNA of a body cell can cause the cell to produce a protein that does not function.
A mutation in the DNA of a gamete affects they body cells of the individual that produced the gamete.
Mutations in the DNA of body cells can cause the offspring to produce a protein that does not function.
- 9. Multiple Choice
Cancer is a disease caused by mutations. Yet in most instances, if a parent tragically dies from cancer, this does not put their child at greater risk than a person whose parents do not develop cancer. How can cancer be caused by mutations and yet not be heritable?
Most cancers arise from mutations in germ line cells.
Mutations that cause cancer occur in sex cells only.
Mutations caused by environmental agents, such as tobacco smoke, occur in somatic cells.
Mutations that cause cancer are specific and cannot be passed on regardless of the type of cell they occur in.
- 10. Multiple Choice
The table gives the codons found in messenger RNA (mRNA). Based on the table, determine the sequence of amino acids produced by this DNA sequence: 5' GCA GTT TTC 3'?
Arg - Gln - Lys
Cys - Gln - Lys
Ser - Phe - Phe
Ala - Val - Phe
- 11. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents levels of organization within a cell of a multi-cellular organism. The level represented by X is composed of which of the following?
Four types of base codons
Folded chains of glucose molecules
Twenty different kinds of amino acids
Complex, energy-rich inorganic molecules
- 12. Multiple Choice
The following diagram shows an animal cell dividing during five stages of the cell cycle. Place the stages in order beginning with prophase.
5, 3, 1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2, 4, 3, 1, 5
2, 3, 1, 5, 4
- 13. Multiple Choice
Chemotherapy, or the use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells, is a mainstay in the treatment of malignant tumors. An understanding of the normal cell cycle and the behavior of malignant or cancerous cells can help one better understand how chemotherapy works to destroy cancer cells. A diagram of the cell cycle is shown.
Most chemotherapy agents kill cancer cells by affecting the S-phase of the cell cycle. Based on the diagram above and your knowledge of the cell cycle, which of the following best explains why the S-phase is targeted by chemotherapy agents?
Because the cell grows and is most active during the S-phase
Because the cell divides and creates new cells during the S-phase
Because the cell duplicates its DNA for its daughter cells during S-phase
Because the S-phase lasts the longest amount of time of all the cell cycle phases
- 14. Multiple Choice
A carrot cell contains 18 chromosomes. Which of the following is the correct number of chromosomes in new cells produced by mitosis?
9
18
36
54
- 15. Multiple Choice
Meiosis is important for reproducing specific types of cells. Which of the following is a result of meiosis?
identical diploid cells due to cytokinesis
unique haploid cells due to crossing over
unique diploid cells due to sexual reproduction
identical haploid cells due to independent assortment
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which statement explains why approximately half of an individual's DNA sequence comes from each parent?
A cell from one parent undergoes meiosis, producing offspring cells that have both parents' DNA.
A cell from one parent undergoes mitotic cell division, producing cells that have only half of that parent's DNA.
Cells in the parents undergo meiosis, producing haploid gametes that meet up during fertilization to produce a diploid individual.
Cells in the parents undergo mitosis, producing offspring cells that meet up during fertilization to produce an individual with half of each parent's DNA.
- 17. Multiple Choice
A particular species of shark normally reproduces sexually. In captivity, it was found that a female could also reproduce asexually. Which of the following is a negative result from asexual reproduction?
decreased number of eggs used
increased gene recombinations
increased number of males produced
decreased biodiversity within the species
- 18. Multiple Choice
Proteins have many different functions in a cell. Which of the following are possible functions of a protein?
catalysts and building blocks of DNA
enzymes and actively transporting molecules across the cell membrane
building blocks of DNA and structural components of the cell membrane
components of the cell membrane and main source of energy in cellular respiration
- 19. Multiple Choice
Scientists have been investigating the change in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration since about 800 AD. A graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over time is shown. If the trend on the graph continues, which of the following animals would benefit?
The decrease in atmospheric CO2 would benefit the anaerobic cellular respiration of humans.
The increase in atmospheric CO2 would benefit the aerobic cellular respiration of cows.
The increase in atmospheric CO2 would benefit the photosynthesis of phytoplankton.
The decrease in atmospheric CO2 would benefit the reproduction of grasshoppers.
- 20. Multiple Choice
The Krebs cycle, fermentation, electron transport, and the breakdown of starch are processes of respiration. Which process could take place within an airtight bottle that contained no oxygen?
Krebs cycle
fermentation
electron transport
breakdown of starch
- 21. Multiple Choice
Cellular respiration is important to a person's body, especially during periods of exercise. When person exercises, the process of cellular respiration increases the amount of what product in your body?
oxygen
oxygen and water
energy in the form of ATP
energy in the form of glucose
- 22. Multiple Choice
The diagram illustrates the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. A and B represent the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which statement is true about A and B?
A includes O2, while B includes CO2
A includes H2O, while B includes CO2
A includes glucose, while B includes O2
A includes CO2, while B includes glucose
- 23. Multiple Choice
A scientist measured the cytoplasmic ATP content in different types of cells. The results are shown in the graph. Based on these results, what conclusion can be made about these cell types?
The muscle cell requires the most cytoplasm of the cell types.
The liver cell requires the most amount of energy of the cell types.
The mammary gland cell was taken from a female that is producing milk.
The epithelial cell requires the least amount of energy of the cell types.
- 24. Multiple Choice
Thyroxin enzyme is used to stimulate weight loss in people with an endocrine deficiency. High concentrations of thyroxin enzyme will have what affect on the metabolic reactions in the cell?
no effect on the reactions
increase the rate of the reactions
decrease the rate of the reactions
cause the reactions to stop occurring
- 25. Multiple Choice
Water is essential to all living things. One important attribute of water allows it to maintain a constant environment within cells. Which property of water allows it to do this?
moderates temperature
breaking of covalent bonds
surface tension of water surface
expansion of water when it freezes
- 26. Multiple Choice
A scientist studied the population of a certain species of birds based on their tail length. Initially, most of the birds had medium-length tails, but tail lengths ranged within the species from short to long. Two years later, the study was performed again on the same species of birds. An illustration of the birds with different tail lengths and graphs of the data are shown.
Based on the data, what inference can most likely be made about this species of birds over the 2 year period between studies?
A new predator arrived that preferred birds with medium-length tails.
Birds with long-length tails did not have the genetic variation to survive.
A disease afflicted the birds causing the birds with short-length tails to die out.
An evolutionary change occurred where birds with short-length and medium-length tails grew long-length tails.
- 27. Multiple Choice
The chart shows the abbreviated history of some scientists and their contributions to the evolutionary history. Based on the contributions of the scientists, which statement is true about evolutionary theory?
The research of these scientists cannot be proven 100% true, therefore evolution is a theory and not a law.
Evolutionary theory is supported by the research of these scientists; once all research supports the theory, it will become a law.
Evolution was a law until the supportive research for these scientists promoted it to a theory.
Evolution is a theory because it is an explanation that is supported by the research of scientists like these.
- 28. Multiple Choice
A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. What can be concluded about the evolution of these two species of squirrels?
The two species diverged due to higher mutation rates on one side of the Grand Canyon.
The two species diverged due to low genetic diversity in the initial population.
The two species diverged due to the geographic isolation of the two groups.
The two species diverged due to differences in the reproductive rates.
- 29. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents undisturbed rock strata. A representative fossil of an organism is illustrated in each layer. Which statement best describes the relationship between these organisms?
All of these organisms existed at the same time.
Organism C could be a common ancestor to organisms B and A.
Organism A could be a common ancestor to organisms B and C.
Organism A was probably more structurally advanced than organism B and organism C.
- 30. Multiple Choice
The current classification system is extremely dynamic. In 1753, Linnaeus classified all organisms into two kingdoms. Nearly a century later it was expanded to a three-kingdom system. Currently, we use a six-kingdom system for classification. Which statement best explains why the classification system keep changing?
The classification system changes because evolution continually produces new, unique organisms
Scientists re-classify organisms each year based on the opinions of the current preeminent scientists in the taxonomic field.
Advances in scientific technology used in science research reveal new evolutionary relationships between organisms, which lead to modifications in the classification system.
The creation of the mobile technology such as the iPhone have lead to better communication with scientists which have lead to new classification systems.
- 31. Multiple Choice
A scientist collected a sample of microorganisms from an extremely hot, thermal deep-sea vent. With a microscope, the scientist observed that the microorganisms were single-celled prokaryotes. Under which domain would you classify these microorganisms?
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Fungi
- 32. Multiple Choice
The characteristics of four organisms are show in the chart. Scientists have classified the reticulated giraffe and the mountain goat as the most closely related animals listed on the table. What two properties best support the classification of the reticulated giraffe and the mountain goat?
The number of toes and the native range
The number of toes and the number of bony horns
The time they are most active and the native range
The time they are most active and the number of bony horns
- 33. Multiple Choice
Approximately 5 billion years ago the composition of the Earth was different than it is today. What conditions were present for the origin of life on Earth 5 billion years ago?
It was hot with condensed water vapor and an excess of oxygen gas.
It was cold with condensed water vapor, and an excess of methane gas.
It was hot with condensed water vapor and an excess of organic molecules.
It was cold with condensed water vapor and an excess of organic molecules.
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