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- 1. Multiple Choice
An ecosystem that is not sustainable can break down when a natural disaster occurs. This can lead to organisms in the ecosystem either leaving the area or dying off.
Increased biodiversity results in a more sustainable ecosystem because -
a greater number of plant species means that there is less barren land
a greater variety of species present allows more organisms to adapt after changes occur
the transition area between two ecosystems is narrower
therer are fewer species to be affected by environmental stresses
- 2. Multiple Choice
A group of scientists studied some trees in a pine forest. In the densely forested areas, the trees were within 1 m of each other. The scientists observed that these trees had dead branches near the ground. They measured the height above the ground at which the first living branches were found on different-sized trees in the forest. Then they repeated this procedure on the same kind of trees in an open meadow. This graph summarizes the scientists’ data.
Which inference is best supported by these data?
Pine trees in a dense forest can grow taller than pine trees in an open meadow.
Pine trees in a dense forest compete for sunlight with the surrounding trees.
Pine trees in a dense forest are part of a less-complex food web than pine trees in an open meadow.
Pine trees in a dense forest have more living branches than pine trees in an open meadow.
- 3. Multiple Choice
Lions and cheetahs prey on wildebeests that graze in the grasslands of the African savanna. What likely effect would increased rainfall over several rainy seasons have on the populations of wildebeests, lions, and cheetahs?
All three populations would increase.
The wildebeest population would decrease, and the lion and cheetah populations would increase.
The wildebeest population would increase, and the lion and cheetah populations would decrease.
All three populations would decrease.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Darwin’s finches are a group of seed-eating bird species found on the Galápagos Islands. Nest flies are a type of insect that has become a threat to the finches. The diagram shows the life cycle of the nest fly.
Based on the life-cycle information, which statement best describes the relationship between the nest fly larvae and the young birds?
The larvae are prey for the young birds.
The larvae are predators of the young birds
The young birds are hosts for the larvae.
The young birds are consumers of the larvae.
- 5. Multiple Choice
The house sparrow was first introduced to New York in 1851. It is now distributed across most of North America. As the species expanded its range, it began to live in environments that were different from its original habitat. The birds now vary in size, depending on their geographic location. The map shows the distribution of house sparrows by size.
What is the most likely explanation for the body-size distribution of house sparrows shown on the map?
Cold temperatures in the North favored the survival of populations of larger sparrows over populations of smaller sparrows.
High elevations in the West provided a survival advantage for populations of larger sparrows over populations of smaller sparrows.
Warm temperatures in the South allowed populations of larger sparrows to survive over populations of smaller sparrows.
Coastal environments in the East tended to give a survival advantage to populations of larger sparrows over populations of smaller sparrows.
- 6. Multiple Choice
Some areas of an ocean are known as dead zones. These zones form when excess organic material decomposes. This increased decomposition uses up the oxygen from the water.
Which human activity is most affected by the increasing number of dead zones in the ocean?
Offshore oil drilling, because water in dead zones is toxic
Commercial fishing, because fish cannot survive without oxygen
Commercial shipping, because dead zones change the course of ocean currents
Sand mining, because oxygen is not available to form the sands on ocean beaches
- 7. Multiple Choice
An energy pyramid is shown.
Which sentence best describes how energy flows through this pyramid?
Energy is transferred down each level of the energy pyramid.
The energy lost at each level is consumed by organisms in the top level.
Energy is transferred from organisms in one level to those in the level above.
The organisms at the bottom level provide energy directly to organisms in all the other levels.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Part of a human body system is pictured.
The main function of this system is to —
control reproduction
transport oxygen
produce hormones
remove waste
- 9. Multiple Choice
A partial mountain forest food web is shown.
Which statement does NOT describe a relationship shown in the food web?
Elk are prey for mountain lions.
Mice are herbivores that consume grasses and are preyed on by snakes.
Owls prey on rabbits and frogs.
Rabbits consume shrubs and are parasites of grasses.
- 10. Multiple Choice
A student’s model of an area near a city depicts many activities that affect the quality of the water in the area.
How does the agricultural activity most likely affect the ground water of the area?
Excess crop fertilizer is carried by runoff into the river, causing excess growth of water plants.
Excess crop material accumulates on the riverbanks, slowing the movement of the river water.
Excess crop materials are percolated through the soil contaminating the water in the ground.
Crops absorb pure water from soil, causing the remaining water to contain more salt.
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