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- 1. Multiple Choice
What process is shown in the diagram?replicationtranscriptionmitosistranslation - 2. Multiple ChoiceWhich best describes the role of free floating nucleotides (A, C, G, & T) in the illustration?They are recycled when the DNA is composed.They are molecular machines the tare used to read ATP.They are enzymes that are produced when the DNA is read.They are the building blocks that are used to make new strands.
- 3. Multiple ChoiceWhat is a possible DNA sequence for the amino acid sequence phenylalanine-glycine-threonine?UUU GGG ACCAAA CCC UGGTTT GGG ACCAAA CCC TGG
- 4. Multiple Choice
Using the codon chart, which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence 5’ AUG GUU AAA CGA CAA UCC 3'
Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser, Met
Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg, Ser
Met, Val, lys, Arg, Gln, Ser
Ile, Gln, Lys, Asp, Gly, Ser
- 5. Multiple ChoiceA segment of DNA is represented in the illustration.
How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?As a sequence of nucleotidesIn the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosomeIn the ratio of adenines to thyminesAs a pattern of phosphates and sugars - 6. Multiple ChoiceWhich DNA strand is complementary to the top one shown in the picture?ABCD
- 7. Multiple ChoiceNitrogenous bases are located on both strands of the DNA double helix. What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?The number of adenines and cytosines determines the type of RNA that will be produced.The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized.The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the length of the genes.The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain.
- 8. Multiple ChoiceA model of a biological process is shown. What is the purpose of this process?To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell divisionTo assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA templateTo synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic codeTo translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids
- 9. Multiple ChoiceThe initial steps in gene expression are modeled below. Double-stranded DNA first unwinds into two strands. Which process and product are represented in Diagram 2?Process: transcription; product: mRNAProcess: translation; product: proteinProcess: replication; product: tRNAProcess: recombination; product: polymerase
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence 5'AUG GUU AAA CGA CAA UCC3'?
*Use Codon Chart*
Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser
Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg
Met, Val, Lys, Arg, Gln, Ser
Ile, Gln, Lys, Asp, Gly, Leu, Ser
- 11. Multiple ChoiceDifferent types of mutations can occur in DNA.The diagram represents a type of mutation. Which statement describes the mutation in the diagram?A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid.A substitution occurs with the adenine base.A deletion of a cytosine base occurs.A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA.
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?The nuclear membrane is ruptured.Amino acids do not bond to tRNA.A codon sequence is incorrect.Transportation ofmRNA does not occur.
- 13. Multiple ChoiceSickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown picture. What type of mutation is depicted in this sequence?SubstitutionInsertionDeletionFrameshift
- 14. Multiple ChoiceThe arctic fox inhabits northern areas of North America. The same arctic fox is shown in the drawing at different times of the year. What causes this change in fur color?The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth.The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older.Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude.Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA
strand is modeled below. What is the purpose of this cellular process?
Preserving genetic information for future
generations.
Deleting the information in the sequence produced
from the DNA template.
Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for
use by the cell.
Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence.
- 16. Multiple Choice
13. A segment of DNA is shown below.
3’ – T A C A G G G T G C T A C C C A C T -5’
Which is the peptide chain produced when the DNA
segment is translated?
Methionine, serine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
Methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartate,
glycine
Methionine, proline, histidine, aspartate, glycine
Methionine, serine, histidine, aspartate, valine
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence?
5' AUGGUUAAACGACAAUCC 3'
Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser
Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg
Met, Val, Lys, Arg, Gln, Ser
Ile, Gln, Lys, Asp, Gly, Leu, Ser
- 18. Multiple Choice
In 1917 the biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan conducted studies in which he kept some caterpillars in the dark and placed some others under red, green, or blue lights. Exposure to red light produced butterflies with brightly colored wings. Exposure to green light resulted in dark-colored wings. Exposure to blue light or no light resulted in pale-colored wings. What was the most likely conclusion of Morgan’s research?
The pigment in butterfly wings absorbs light from the environment.
The phenotypic expression of wing shape depends on color pigmentation in butterflies.
The genes regulating wing color in butterflies are influenced by environmental factors.
Caterpillars exposed to red and green light are healthier than caterpillars exposed to no light or blue light.
- 19. Multiple Choice
Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown above.
What type of mutation is depicted in this sequence?
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Frameshift
- 20. Multiple Choice
In 1952 Rosalind Franklin took the x-ray photograph shown below, which gave the world its first look at DNA.
By studying this photograph, scientists gained knowledge about the —
role of DNA in protein synthesis
mutation of nucleotide sequences in DNA
sequence of DNA that makes up the human genome
double-helix structure of DNA
- 21. Multiple Choice
The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA varies widely. The sequence of the bases in DNA is most important for which of the following?
Providing the instructions for the traits of an organism
Preventing mutations from occurring during DNA replication
Allowing the DNA to have the shape necessary for replication
Helping form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA molecules
- 22. Multiple ChoiceA section of a nucleic acid is shown.
The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA.
What type of molecule is produced?New DNAPolypeptideMessenger RNACarbohydrate - 23. Multiple ChoiceA model of a DNA molecule is shown.
The arrow indicates —the bond between adjacent phosphate and deoxyribose moleculesthe junction of introns and exons in the sense strand of DNAthe hydrogen bond between complementary nucleotidesthe junction of a codon and a DNA triplet - 24. Multiple ChoiceA codon chart is shown.
Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3’ GCT 5’ will affect the protein produced?GTTTCTTCCGCA - 25. Multiple Choice
DNA molecules contain the genetic information that determines the characteristics of a living organism. How do DNA molecules express the genetic information they contain?
by breaking down proteins within the cell
by directing the process of protein synthesis
by regulating the storage of cellular proteins
by controlling the movement of protein molecules
- 26. Multiple Choice
Somatic (body) cell mutations can occur in organisms under certain conditions. The mutated DNA only affects the somatic cells and has no effect on future offspring because -
changes in somatic cell DNA are homozygous recessive
offspring typically reject parental somatic cells
mutations must occur within the RNA codons to affect offspring
only changes to gamete DNA can be inherited
- 27. Multiple Choice
Which mutation would change the greatest number of amino acids in a protein?
The deletion of a single adenine nucleotide in the middle of a gene.
The addition of the nucleotides that make up an additional stop codon to the end of a gene.
The substitution of a thymine nucleotide with a cytosine nucleotide near the beginning of a gene.
The insertion of a thymine, a guanine, and an adenine nucleotide in that order at the end of a gene.
- 28. Multiple Choice
In the process of translation, the ribosome is the site where -
DNA strands are separated and copied.
information from DNA is copied to RNA.
amino acid chains are assembled from information in the mRNA.
Free floating amino acids are picked up by tRNA.
- 29. Multiple Choice
Mutations within the DNA sequence of an organism can —
result in alterations that are harmful to an organism.
result in alterations that do not affect the organism.
result in alterations that are helpful to an organism.
all of the above
- 30. Multiple Choice
A mRNA strand contains codons, which consist of a sequence of three nucleotides. Which best describes the importance of codons found in the sequence of mRNA?
They contain the code to assemble amino acids for protein synthesis.
They ensure proper replication of the genetic code.
They signal the start of mitotic cell division.
They are used to deliver the newly formed protein in the cell.
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