The discovery of goldfields in the West led to an increase in the amount of money issued for circulation.

Industrialists used their connections with corrupt government officials for material gain and political power.

In the Deep South a sharp increase in immigration brought a boom in construction and industry.

Small, family-owned farms were bought and consolidated to form large agricultural corporations.

The founding of women’s colleges

The assimilation of immigrants

The establishment of public libraries

The introduction of prison reform

The rapid influx of immigrants made it difficult for local governments to provide basic services.

Federal restrictions prevented voters from influencing government decisions at the local level.

The economy was too tightly regulated to allow urban growth.

Settlement houses failed to help immigrants adjust to life in the city.

turn American Indian reservations into corporate farmland

end warfare between American Indians and the U.S. military

promote American Indian investment in private industry

promote cultural assimilation of American Indians

Workers secured a greater share of company profits.

The influence of labor unions on factory owners was reduced.

The federal government could dissolve business monopolies.

Businesses were required to pay fees to open overseas locations.

By organizing voter-registration drives for African Americans

By promoting vocational training for African Americans

By supporting the formation of labor unions by African American workers

By organizing boycotts of businesses that refused service to African Americans

The deportation of many Chinese immigrants in the Northwest

The recruitment of Chinese immigrants by large labor unions in the Midwest

The fear in the West of losing jobs to Chinese immigrants

The lack of available resources in the East to support a large influx of Chinese immigrants

The Bracero program was introduced.

The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed.

Russian radicals joined labor unions in the United States.

Irish families immigrated to the United States.

“Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, . . . and often there is friction between the employer and the employed.”

“The price which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is... great.”

“The best means of benefiting the community is to place within its reach the ladders upon which the aspiring can rise.”

“This, then, is...the duty of the man of wealth: To set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance.”

Nativists

Philanthropists

Union leaders

Political bosses

Increased property values in rural areas

Increased life expectancies in urban areas

Increased birth rates in rural areas

Increased migration to urban areas

opposed to machine politics

loyal to the United Kingdom

conscientious objectors

Roman Catholics

limiting federal military power through the organization of local militias

conserving natural resources through the creation of national parks

globalizing the economy through participation in free-trade agreements

promoting an ethnically homogeneous society through restrictions on immigration

passing the Interstate Commerce Act

implementing the silver standard for currency

creating a federal jobs program for the unemployed

establishing a new tax on capital gains

A collection of art by a world-renowned artist

A period of time characterized by certain political, social, or economic events

A genre of music specific to a region of a country

a piece of landmark legislation passed during a congressional session

the growth of big business

involvement in foreign wars

the acquisition of foreign territories

increased temperance regulations

campaigning for women’s suffrage

advocating the use of poll taxes

making improvements in urban infrastructure

providing public assistance for former slaves

Social and economic class divisions began to disappear.

Concerns about air pollution led to stricter environmental regulations.

Union membership increased as workers sought better pay and conditions.

Factory owners introduced wage-equity policies for women in the workplace.

How Sharecroppers Lived in the Deep South

Ways Migrant Workers Lived in the Southwest

How Miners Took Advantage of Gold Rush Opportunities

Ways Settlers Adapted to Conditions on the Great Plains

The expansion of railway lines throughout the West

The acceptance of Mormons by other religious sects in the East

The peaceful integration of settlers with American Indian populations

The introduction of barbed wire throughout the Great Plains

The availability of buffalo

The discovery of precious metals

A series of federal land grants

A decrease in agricultural production

Congress passed a law allowing people to claim public land and convert it to private property through homesteading.

Speculators bought large parcels of land and then built factory towns to attract new immigrants.

Congress passed a law requiring all public lands to be sold at auction.

Native Americans sold most of their tribal lands directly to railroad companies.

By promoting spiritual and moral values in public schools

By supporting conservative ideals in federal legislation and foreign policy

By establishing philanthropic organizations dedicated to education and the arts

By creating a charitable foundation to end hunger

The growing concern about environmental issues in the western United States

The rising tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union

The strengthening of Jim Crow laws in the southern United States

The increasing numbers of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe

Machines needed to be repaired less frequently.

Products could be manufactured on an assembly line.

Businesses needed to hire skilled workers.

Factories could extend working hours.

By raising the consumer price of agricultural products

By increasing the variety of locally grown crops

By providing farmers with affordable access to distant markets

By encouraging farmers to form the first agricultural cooperatives