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- 1. Multiple Choice
If you were building a phylogenetic tree of cats, which of the following would be the best outgroup?
wolf
domestic cat
frog
leopard
- 2. Multiple Choice
In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is
a shared ancestral character
a shared derived character
a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals
an example of analogy rather than homology
- 3. Multiple Choice
The yellow, blue, and read bubbles represent different phylogenies. How would you describe the yellow bubble?
monophyletic
paraphyletic
polyphyletic
anaphyletic
- 4. Multiple Choice
Both butterflies and bats have the ability to fly due to wing development. How would you describe the evolutionary relationship of the animal's wings?
polytomy
homoplasies
analogous
vestigial
- 5. Multiple Choice
On a phylogenetic tree, what do the branch lengths represent?
The age of the organisms
amount of genetic change since divergence
amount of genetic change since convergence
The age of divergence
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which protein has the fastest molecular clock?
fibrinopeptides
hemoglobin
cytochrome C
divergence
- 7. Multiple Choice
What is horizontal gene transfer? (select all that apply)
the process of chromosome creation by recombination
increase of genetic variation by meiosis
injection of DNA/RNA from virus to host
exchange of transposible elements from one genome to another
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