4. But by initiating and collaborating on projects such as the Apollo Moon missions, the space shuttle program, the Hubble Space Telescope, and unmanned planetary exploration, NASA has continually challenged its scientists and engineers to do things that were previously thought impossible.

6. A short list of inventions elaborated by NASA includes communications satellites, invisible braces, and cordless tools.

7. A short list of inventions elaborated by NASA includes communications satellites, invisible braces, and cordless tools. All these inventions spawns new industries, and with those industries, jobs

8. A report by the Space Foundation estimated that NASA contributed $180 billion to the economy in 2005. More than 60 percent of the contribution coming from commercial goods and services created by companies using space-related technology.

To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 1 should be placed

[1] A report by the Space Foundation estimated that NASA contributed $180 billion to the economy in 2005. [2] More than 60 percent of the contribution 8 coming from commercial goods and services created by companies using space-related technology. [3] This translates as excellent returns from an agency that received approximately 17.7 billion in tax dollars in 2014. [4] This investment by taxpayers enhances not only the national economy but also the United States’ competitiveness in the international market.

[5] Moreover, the benefits of NASA funding extend beyond the purely economic, as astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson indicated in his testimony before the US Senate: “For . . . a penny on a dollar—we can transform the country from a sullen, dispirited nation, weary of economic struggle, to one where it has reclaimed its twentieth-century birthright to dream of tomorrow.”

10. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence. In addition, NASA has facilities in Washington, DC, Florida, Texas, California, and other states.

Should the writer make this addition here?

With world population topping seven billion, humanity is in need of some perspective. Therefore, we should continue to support NASA not only for practical reasons but also because it is a necessary vehicle for increasing our awareness of how we can fulfill our responsibilities to the planet and each other.

New theories, new practices too, and technologies are transforming the twenty-first-century workplace at lightning speed

To perform their jobs successfully in this dynamic environment, workers in many fields—from social services to manufacturing, must continually acquire relevant knowledge and update key skills.

This practice of continued education, also known as professional development, benefits not only employees but also their employers. Accordingly, meaningful professional development is a shared responsibility: it is the responsibility of employers to provide useful programs, and it is also the responsibility of employees to take advantage of the opportunities offered to them.

Which choice best establishes the argument that follows?

Critics of employer-provided professional follows?

development argue that employees [15] might consider a popular career path. If employees find themselves falling behind in the workplace, these critics contend. Then it is the duty of those employees to identify, and even pay

If employees find themselves falling behind in the workplace, these critics contend. Then it is the duty of those employees to identify, and even pay

If employees find themselves falling behind in the workplace, these critics contend, then it is the duty of those employees to identify, and even pay or, appropriate resources to show them how and why they are falling behind and what they should do about it.

Forward-thinking employers recognize the importance of investing in the employees they have rather than hiring new staff when the skills of current workers get old and worn out.

The most common forms of professional development provided to employees includes coaching, mentoring, technical assistance, and workshops.

Some employers utilize several approaches simultaneously, developing a framework that suits the particular needs of their employees. Around the same time, the figure illustrates a simple yet comprehensive professional-development model created for special education personnel.

Which choice makes the writer’s description of the figure most accurate?

Employers can also identify, which employees have successfully completed instructional modules and which need to be offered additional training.

In 1986, McDonald’s caused a stir in Italy when it opened a restaurant next to Rome’s historic Spanish Steps. Young, on-the-go eaters were thrilled; specifically, those who prized regional foods and Italy’s convivial culture built on cooking and long meals feared that the restaurant signaled the death of a way of life.

To counter the rise of fast food and fast life, a cohort of chefs, journalists, and sociologists spearheaded a Slow Food movement, declaring loyalty to unhurried enjoyment.

25. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence. The group’s philosophy was connected to the tale of the hare and the tortoise, in which the tortoise wins the race. Should the writer make this addition here?

In 1986, McDonald’s caused a stir in Italy when it opened a restaurant next to Rome’s historic Spanish Steps. Young, on-the-go eaters were thrilled; however, those who prized regional foods and Italy’s convivial culture built on cooking and long meals feared that the restaurant signaled the death of a way of life. To counter the rise of fast food and fast life, a cohort of chefs, journalists, and sociologists spearheaded a Slow Food movement, declaring loyalty to unhurried enjoyment. 25

From its beginning, the movement had opposed the standardization of taste that fast food chains promote. For example, a McDonald’s hamburger made in Boston tastes more or less the same as one made in Beijing.

A goat ingests the vegetation particular to the meadow in which it grazes, which, along with other environmental

factors such as altitude and weather shapes the cheese’s taste and texture. If all foods were produced under the industrial model, we would have meals that are not very flavorful.

Which choice most effectively supports the central point of the paragraph?

From its beginning, the movement has opposed the standardization of taste that fast food chains promote. For example, a McDonald’s hamburger made in Boston tastes more or less the same as one made in Beijing. This consistency is made possible by industrial mass production. Slow Food supporters, by contrast, back methods of growing and preparing food based on regional culinary traditions. When produced using traditional methods, goat cheese made in France tastes different from goat cheese made in Vermont. A goat ingests the vegetation particular to the meadow in which it grazes, which, along with other environmental factors, such as altitude and weather, shapes the cheese’s taste and texture. If all foods were produced under the industrial model, [28] we would have meals that are not very flavorful.

During their early years, the movement also focused on the value of spending lots of time with friends and family during long meals.

During their early years, the movement also focused on the value of spending lots of time with friends and family during long meals.

As the movement grew beyond Italy’s borders—today Slow Food International boasts more than 100,000 members in 150 countries—this emphasis on pleasure [31]pictured criticism for being elitist.

Critics have also asked if growing food using traditional methods, as opposed to mass production, can adequately and affordably feed the world?

A. Over time, Slow Food has broadened its mission to focus on food that is good, clean, and fair for all. ...it should be raised using environmentally sustainable practices that preserve biodiversity; and it should be accessible to all without exploiting the labors of those who produced it. In short, Slow Food runs programs that support small-scale producers in marketing regional foods in a world where food corporations threaten to drive them out of the marketplace and homogenize food choices.

They were performing a radio play adapted from The War of the Worlds, a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells. The next day, a front-page headline in the New York Times declared, “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.”

The writer wants to add a supporting detail to indicate that the story was widely reported. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

This version of events persisted, and the legend became that Welles’s broadcast had as many as twelve million people who feared that Martians had invaded Earth.

Recently, however, scholars have questioned the accuracy of this legend, suggesting the degree of public hysteria has been grossly exaggerated. The authors of an article published in October 2013 go so far to assign blame for the distortion to the newspaper industry.

At this time, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ profits.

Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?

Which choice best establishes the main idea of the paragraph?

[1] Proof of ulterior motives is scarce,

consequently weakening Pooley and Socolow’s

argument. [2] For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. [3] Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oft-cited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. [4] Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror. [5] According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. [6] Ratings, however, reveal that fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. [7] Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’”

Ratings, however, reveal that far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast.

To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 4 should be placed

[1] Proof of ulterior motives is scarce,

consequently weakening Pooley and Socolow’s

argument. [2] For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. [3] Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oft-cited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. [4] Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror. [5] According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. [6] Ratings, however, reveal that fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. [7] Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’”

Pooley and Socolow describe a more likely scenario: most people who heard the broadcast understood they were listening to a piece of fiction, but some being influenced by the sensationalized news coverage afterward, later “remembered” being more afraid than they had been.