In any environment or ecosystem, organisms can have several different types of relationships. Three types of relationships are described above. Which of these correctly describes the relationships between the organisms?

Parrotfish are herbivores that are found in coral refs. To escape predation, a parrotfish will graze with a rabbitfish, which has venomous spines at the end of its pelvic fins. The rabbitfish does not benefit from this relationship. Which type of relationship do the parrotfish and the rabbitfish have in the coral reef environment?

Bats eat insects that damage crops and mosquitoes that are vectors for disease. One million bats can eat several tons of insects per night, saving billions of dollars in pesticides yearly. Agricultural and public health scientists are concerned about the spread of white nose syndrome (WNS). WNS is a result of a fungus that can infect cave dwelling bats. While bats hibernate during winter months, the fungus covers the bats face and wings. WNS has a near 100% mortaility rate, and 5.7 million bats have died since the discovery of the fungus in 2006. Many scientists are searching for ways to protect these bats. The relationship between this fungus and bats can be be defined as -

Some relationships between different organisms are shown in the table. Which table correctly identifies each type of interaction described?

A student performed an investigation in which two ivy plants were planted in two separate containers. One of the containers had earthworms mixed in with the soil, and the other container had soil and no earthworms. The plants were given the same amount of water and exposed to the same amount of sunlight. The student observed that after several weeks of growth, the plant exposed to the earthworms appeared to be healthier and exhibited more growth. To conclude that the relationship between the plant and the earthworm is an example of mutualism, the student must perform follow up investigations that do which of the following?

A remora is a fish that has an adhesive disk on the back of its head that it uses to attach itself to a large shark. When food floats away from the shark's mouth as it feeds, the remora collects the scraps. Drawings of a shark with a remora attached and a remora's adhesive disk are shown below. The relationship between the remora and the shark is an example of -

Four common relationships between organisms are listed in the box. Which statements best describe these relationships?

Which of these best demonstrates mutualism between certain types of bacteria and humans?

In North American forests, two species of birds, nuthatches and brown creepers, forage on the same trees for insects. Brown creepers feed on insects found near the bottom of the tree trunk, while nuthatches feed on insects in the top part of the tree. The difference in foraging behavior most likely affects the nuthatches and brown creepers by -

The diagrams show a partial food web containing the Glyptapanteles wasp and the life cycle of this wasp. Based on the two diagrams, which list correctly identifies the relationships Glyptapanteles wasp larvae have with other organisms?

The ocean sunfish (Mola mola) is a large, flat fish that spends most of its time in deep water feeding mainly on jellyfish. Sunfish often have many species of copepods, small crustaceans, that bury their heads into the soft tissue of the sunfish. Sunfish will swim to the surface of the water and lie sideways, allowing seabirds to eat the copepods from their skin. Which list describes the types of relationships the sunfish has with other marine organisms?