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- 1. Multiple Choice
The picture below shows the cellular processes that four rat cells, each holding 92 chromosomes, underwent. Use the picture to answer any questions that follow. Which rat cell underwent meiosis?
Cell W
Cell X
Cell Y
Cell Z
- 2. Multiple Choice
What results from asexual reproduction?
offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
offspring that are genetically different from each other
offspring that are genetically different from the parent
offspring that are genetically identical to similar species
- 3. Multiple Choice
How are meiosis and mitosis similar?
Both are processes used in asexual reproduction
Both are processes that produce daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells
Both are processes used to replace dead skin cells
Both are processes that form new cells necessary for the survival of either an organism or a species
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which table is correct about the chromosomes in the cells of a white-tailed deer?
- 5. Multiple Choice
The picture below shows a ciliate, a single-celled protist, undergoing a process called binary fission. Binary fission is an asexual process. Which statement is correct about binary fission?
It is a mitotic process
It is a meiotic process
It will ultimately result in four daughter cells that each hold half of the DNA of the parent cell
It will ultimately result in two cells that are genetically different and able to pass on different traits
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a benefit of sexual reproduction when compared to asexual reproduction?
It introduces genetic variation, which increases the survival rate of a species when environmental changes occur
It is a more reliable form of reproduction, as it requires the search for a mate that is the best match to form offspring
It requires internal fertilization, which is easier and requires less energy than asexual reproduction
It has slower reproductive rate, decreasing the amount of mutations that occur in the offspring
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is correct?
Somatic cells are produced through mitosis, and germ cells are produced through meiosis
Somatic cells are produced through meiosis, and germ cells are produced through mitosis
Both somatic and germ cells are produced through only mitosis
Both somatic and germ cells are produced through only meiosis
- 8. Multiple Choice
The picture below shows the cellular processes that four rat cells, each holding 92 chromosomes, underwent. Use the picture to answer any questions that follow. Which of the following cells underwent mitosis?
Cell W
Cell X
Cell Y
Cell Z
- 9. Multiple Choice
In mitosis, replication occurs before the cell divides. What is the purpose of replication?
to provide each new cell with an exact duplicate of the original DNA
to transfer half of the traits of the parent cell to each new daughter cell
to remove defective base pairs from the DNA before the parent cell divides
to divide the parent cell's genes equally between the two new daughter cells
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which of these events happens during sexual reproduction only?
DNA is copied in the parent organism before cell division
A parent organism splits in half and makes two offspring with identical DNA
The DNA from two parents combines to create an offspring with unique DNA
Offspring are produced with DNA that is identical to either one parent or other
- 11. Multiple Choice
Hydra can reproduce through a process called budding, in which a single hydra forms small extensions on its body that pinch off and become new organisms that are identical to the parent. Which of these process is involved in budding?
crossing over
fertilization
meiosis
mitosis
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which process results from meiosis?
the production of a sunflower seed
the production of a human skin cell
the elongation of onion root tips by new cell formation
the regeneration of two planarian from individual pieces
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which of these is an example of sexual reproduction?
a fungus produces genetically identical spores
a bacterium splits in half, forming new bacteria
leaf cuttings taken from a plant grown into new plants
pollen from one flower fertilizes the egg cells of other flowers
- 14. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents a type of reproductive process. Which reproductive process is represented by the diagram?
asexual reproduction
fertilization
meiosis
mitosis
- 15. Multiple Choice
A cell is about to undergo mitosis. Which of these statements describes the resulting daughter cells?
One daughter cell with have more chromosomes than the other daughter cells
Both daughter cells will be genetically identical to the parent cell, and each will have the same number of chromosomes
The daughter cells will be genetically identical to each other but will have a different number of chromosomes from the parent
Each daughter cell will have a new arrangement of chromosomes and characteristics, and each will be different from each other and the parent cell
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of these statements describes sexual reproduction?
One parent produces a genetically identical offspring
One parent produces a genetically different offspring
Two parents produce an offspring different from either parent
Two parents produce an offspring identical to one of the parents
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes the result of meiosis?
The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes
The daughter cells have twice the number of chromosomes
The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes
The daughter cells have four times the number of chromosomes
- 18. Multiple Choice
Cells can reproduce through a process of either meiosis or mitosis. Which statement about reproduction is true?
The cells produced by meiosis are genetically identical to parent cells
The cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical to parent cells
Meiosis is a form of asexual reproduction
Mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which of these statements correctly describes asexual reproduction?
Pollen grains fuse with egg cells to produce seeds
A male and a female swan engage in a courtship display
From sperm and eggs are released into the water and some find each other
A hydra forms small extensions on its body that pinch off and become new organisms
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which of these statements about mitosis is most accurate?
Mitosis results in new cells made from a single parent cell
Mitosis allows for an exchange of chromosomes that results in new traits
Mitosis occurs in both males and females before they reproduce sexually
Mitosis permits organisms to reproduce very slowly and produce fewer offspring
- 21. Multiple Choice
What happens during meiosis that does NOT happen during mitosis?
new cells are formed
two rounds of cell division
DNA is passes on to the daughter cells
parent cells grow in size before division
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which of these is a correct statement about asexual reproduction when compared with sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is a slower process and requires more energy than sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves one parent, while sexual reproduction involves two parents
Asexual reproduction results in greater genetic variation in the offspring than sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction requires a longer development time for the offspring than sexual reproduction
- 23. Multiple Choice
Which of the following types of cells is a product of meiosis?
egg cell
skin cell
stomach cell
red blood cell
- 24. Multiple Choice
Using the processes of mitosis and meiosis, if there are 60 chromosomes in a skin cell of a cow, how many chromosomes would be in the cow's sex cell?
30 chromosomes
60 chromosomes
120 chromosomes
240 chromosomes
- 25. Multiple Choice
The picture below shows a bee as it helps fertilize a flowering plant by crawling along one of its flowers, causing pollen to sprinkle into the flower's pistil. Which of the following is correct about how this flowering plant reproduces?
It reproduces sexually, which is a process that uses meiosis to form sex cells
It reproduces asexually, which is a process that forms identical offspring
It reproduces sexually, which is a process that is less advanced than asexual reproduction
It reproduces asexually, which provides the largest advantage for the survival of a species
- 26. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is correct about asexual reproduction?
It is a more-complicated form of reproduction than sexual reproduction
It only occurs in single-cells organisms, unlike sexual reproduction
It results in more daughter cells per cell than sexual reproduction
It does not require fertilization, unlike sexual reproduction
- 27. Multiple Choice
A common fruit fly has eight chromosomes in a normal body cell. After a cell undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each new cell have?
2
4
8
16
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which of these scenarios is an example of sexual reproduction?
a bacterium copying its genetic material
a piece breaking off of a sponge and growing into a new animal
the sperm cell and egg cell of sea stars joining together in the ocean
the eyes forming on a potato that has been left in the pantry for a long time
- 29. Multiple Choice
In 1996, scientists created a sheep named Dolly. Dolly shared identical DNA with another sheep. Which biotechnology method was used to create Dolly?
cloning
cell transfer
artificial selection
genetic engineering
- 30. Multiple Choice
Many farmers are trying to prevent crop damage from insects. With new biotechnology, farmers are able to select seeds that produce natural pesticides. Which statement describes one advantage for farmers using genetically engineered seeds?
Consumers will pay less for the food grown from these genetically engineered seeds
Plants grown from the seeds will require less treatment with chemicals
Native plants will cross-breed with the genetically engineered plants, causing them to produce seeds that are resistant to insects
Insects will become resistant to the natural pesticides produced by the new seeds, making the genetically engineered seeds vulnerable to insects
- 31. Multiple Choice
Biotechnologists have been developing a modification for corn crops. This modification adds a protein that kills the larvae of some plant-eating insects that are harmful to corn plants. The protein is harmless to mammals, birds, and other insects. Which of the following terms is used for this process?
cloning
true breeding
cross pollination
genetic engineering
- 32. Multiple Choice
Which of these statements describes a common concern about using genetically modified food crops?
There may be an increase in the use of chemicals applied to crops
There may be a decrease in the amount of food produced around the world
There may be an increase in the chance that modified genes will transfer to other organisms
There may be a decrease in the amount of time that food will stay fresh on grocery store shelves.
- 33. Multiple Choice
Genetic engineering and selective breeding are methods of biotechnology. Sometimes only one of these methods can be used for certain applications. Which of these statements is correct?
Selective breeding cannot be used to create new types of crops
Selective breeding cannot be used to improve the traits of crops
Genetic engineering is the only way to generate more healthy crops
Genetic engineering is the only way to generate crops with traits from other organisms
- 34. Multiple Choice
Which of these statements is true about genetic engineering?
Genetically engineered organisms cannot reproduce offspring
Genetically engineered organisms can survive only in a laboratory
Genetically engineered organisms can always be identified by their physical appearance
Genetically engineered organisms must contain DNA that has been altered by a scientist
- 35. Multiple Choice
Which application of cloning would be most likely to reduce the genetic diversity of organisms in nature?
Growing an ear from a person's skin cell
Amplifying genetic information found at a crime scene
Producing an identical population of rabbits to use in a vaccine trial
Transferring a gene encoding pesticide resistance from one species of corn to another
- 36. Multiple Choice
Some varieties of food crops have been genetically modified in an effort to improve upon a certain trait, such as pest and spoil resistance and pesticide tolerance. However, there are also concerns with genetically modified crops. Which of these is most likely a concern about genetically modified crops?
There may be an increase in global food prices
There may be a decrease in the range of environmental conditions in which a crop can survive
There may be an increase in pest populations that are resistant to control measures
There may be a decrease in the amount of time that fruits or vegetables stay fresh in the supermarket
- 37. Multiple Choice
Recently scientists have developed genetically modified (GM) crops that are resistant to pests, such as insects. What negative effect could occur from growing these genetically modified crops?
GM crops will be more expensive to grow, costing the farmer money
GM crops will require more fertilizer to grow, costing the farmer money
GM crops will require greater amounts of chemical pesticides, harming the nearby ecosystem
GM crops can cross-breed with native plants species, harming the nearby ecosystem
- 38. Multiple Choice
Selective breeding and genetic engineering are used to alter animal or plant traits. Which of these traits can only be achieved with genetic engineering?
dogs that have no tails
animals that are smaller in size
plants that can glow in the dark
mules that have traits of both a donkey and horse
- 39. Multiple Choice
Which of these has NOT been achieved through the application of biotechnology?
the development of an organism that is resistant to pests
the development of an organism that is produced from an unfertilized egg
the development of an organism that is tolerant to the effects of chemicals
the development of an organism that is able to survive without nutrients and water
- 40. Multiple Choice
A scientists has genetically modified a salmon that can grow three times larger than a native species. The modified salmon swims slower and has a shorter lifespan than the native species. Which statement best describes an environmental concern if this genetically modified salmon is accidentally released into the wild?
The modified salmon could cause the native salmon to migrate to another aquatic habitat
The native salmon could swim slower
The modified salmon could breed with native salmon
The lifespan of native salmon could decrease
- 41. Multiple Choice
Genetic modification through biotechnology has led to corn plants being grown with selected beneficial features such as increased yield, drought tolerance, and pest resistance. As a result, most of the corn plants now grown in the US share the same genetic traits. Which of these is a most serious concern as a result of genetically modified plants growing in the environment with other local plants?
Pests may be completely eliminated from the crop over time
The corn plants may complete more with each other for nutrients
The crop may create superweeds that are resistant to pesticides
There may be an increase in gene diversity in related species in the wild
- 42. Multiple Choice
A genetically modified corn called Bt corn, was developed to reduce the attack of insects by adding a gene from a certain type of bacteria. As a result of biotechnology used to improve this vegetable, the corn is more resistant to insects than standard corn. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Bt corn?
Bt corn may cause a decrease in the amount of available corn
Bt corn may cause an increase in the levels of pesticide needed
No information on long-term effects of Bt from consuming the corn
There are concerns about whether or not farmers know how to grow Bt corn
- 43. Multiple Choice
Which of these is NOT a source of material that can be used to produce a genetically engineered product?
a virus
a bacterium
a mammal cell
an inorganic compound
- 44. Multiple Choice
Which of these statements best describes an advantage of biotechnology?
The biodiversity of organisms will increase
Pesticide resistance in food crops will be reduced
Certain genetic diseases may be treated and cured
The long-term impact of genetic modification is well known
- 45. Multiple Choice
Horse racing is a popular sport that has been practiced in human society for over 2,000 years. Through the influence of humans, certain breeds, such as the thoroughbred and the quarter horse, have evolved to be particularly skilled at racing. Which of these term describes the process that has resulted in horse breeds that are best-suited for racing?
gene therapy
natural selection
artificial selection
DNA fingerprinting
- 46. Multiple Choice
Which of the following would most likely be a benefit of developing genetically modified crops?
greater amounts of biodiversity within food crops
pest populations that are resistant to pesticides
food safety concerns are reduced
food production is increased
- 47. Multiple Choice
Scientists use biotechnology to modify traits and generate new varieties of plants and animals. Which of the following is NOT a method used by scientists in modifying characteristics of organisms?
DNA cloning
natural selection
selective breeding
genetic engineering
- 48. Multiple Choice
When scientists successfully cloned the sheep, Dolly, in 1996 this biotechnological advance causes people to think about how farming and science could improve. Now, Japanese scientist have improved the process so that multiple generations of healthy clones can be generated. What benefit could this improvement of cloning techniques provide?
prevent the loss of farming careers
decrease genetic variation of livestock
introduce a new species of farm livestock
prevent extinction of endangered species
- 49. Multiple Choice
As with all areas of technology, one of the main goals of biotechnology is to improve the quality of human life. Which of these is an example of the application of biotechnology to help people?
burning gasoline to fuel cars
using computers to analyze scientific data
building telescopes to study objects is space
processing microorganisms to make food products
- 50. Multiple Choice
Which statement is a specific example of how artificial selection is used in society?
Pesticides applied to plant-eating beetles yield a pesticide-resistant population of beetles
Two racehorses with desirable traits are bred to produce a superior racing horse
Genes are spliced from a bacterial cells and inserted into a cell of an apple tree
The nucleus of a cow's skin cell is inserted into an egg cell of a female cow.
- 51. Multiple Choice
What beneficial impact does genetically engineered crops have on society?
They create more food because the crops are altered to have less nutritional value that insects are not interested in
They create a more-stable economy because the crops could be altered to resist drought and freezes
They increase genetic variations in crops nationwide
They make allergies nonexistent amongst humans
- 52. Multiple Choice
Which of the following can genetic engineering cause?
the removal of the need for gene therapy
an increased speed of natural evolution
decreased survival rates of humans
cures for diseases in humans
- 53. Multiple Choice
What impact did the cloning of Dolly (the sheep) have on society?
It proved that natural selection occurs in animals
It proved that genes cross in the cells of animals
It closed the door to the idea of cloning other animals
It opened the door to the idea of cloning other animals
- 54. Multiple Choice
In 1996, soybeans were genetically engineered with a Brazil-nut gene to improve their nutritional value as animal feed. Which of the following is NOT a negative impact of this type genetic engineering of soybeans?
poor control of the spread of genetically modified plants as birds, insects, and wind pick up and carry pollen
potential developments of allergies as an accidental outcome to the genetic changes in plants
decreased biodiversity as diversity is controlled by humans and not the environment
decreased costs of certain feeds because they are easier to produce
- 55. Multiple Choice
Artificial selection is a form of biotechnology that has been around for centuries. Which of the following is a positive aspect of artificial selection?
It ensures that weak traits like disease tendency are not in a population
It ensures that human-preferred traits are available in animals and plants
It increases the speed of evolution and change in the human population
It increases genetic variation among a population of organisms
- 56. Multiple Choice
How can biotechnology positively impact the amur leopard (endangered) population?
by providing a way to clone and reproduce the amur leopards to prevent their extinction
by providing a way to produce more amur leopards through the process of spontaneous generation
by artificially selecting other cat species to breed with the amur leopard population to introduce beneficial traits
by artificially selecting other cat species to breed with the amur leopard population to keep the population pure
- 57. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a result of biotechnology?
the natural selection of a species by natural changes in the environment
the cloning of an identical species by the isolation of a cell's genes
the use of gene therapy in humans and animals
the creation and improvement of vaccines
- 58. Multiple Choice
Which statement best explains why some people disagree with the genetic engineering of crops?
Crops may become less susceptible to disease
Crops may be able to survive drought conditions more easily
Crops over-producing food could negatively affect a country's economy
Crops releasing pollen have unknown effects on the biodiversity of wild plants
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