The Centers for Disease Control petitioned Congress to eliminate waste treatment plants.

The federal government created the Environmental Protection Agency to oversee

environmental issues.

The automobile industry began researching alternative energy sources.

The president ordered the Public Health Service to deal with environmental pollution.

Environmental preservation

Assimilation

Education

Cultural pride

A

B

C

D

The Supreme Court decision in Sweatt v. Painter

The executive order to desegregate the U.S. Army

The passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

The levee system was unable to hold back floodwater.

The Mississippi River was diverted.

The National Weather Service failed to provide adequate warning.

Growing solidarity between the executive and judicial branches

An increase in the number of legislators who vote against party lines

A lack of cooperation between the legislative and executive branches

The refusal by the Supreme Court to intervene in legislative matters

dive motorized behicles

serve as members of juries

pay federal income taxes

be drafted into the military

By secretly selling weapons to Iran in order to raise funds

By confiscating funds seized in drug raids

By implementing a sin tax on luxury items

By collecting tariffs on oil imports from Saudi Arabia

To limit the amount of foreign investments in the United States

To promote the growth of locally owned small businesses

To prevent acts of terrorism against the United States

To increase funding for military contracts

Telecommunications

Energy

Aerospace

Transportation

Nation of Islam

Black Panther Party

Congress of Racial Equality

NAACP

The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

The ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment

The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act

The establishment of the Socialist Party

1: Ensure the availability of affordable housing

2: Provide health insurance for senior citizens

1: Increase turnout of minority voters

2: Increase federal funds for public universities

1: Create an urban renewal movement

2: Increase the number of volunteers for community projects

1: Enforce equal access to public education

2: Provide programs to assist with food purchases

Freedom of religion

The right to a jury trial

Freedom of the press

The right to peaceful assembly

Member nations refused to adopt protective tariffs.

U.S. politicians feared negative economic consequences.

Member nations refused to support democratic reforms.

U.S. politicians wanted stricter regulations on emissions.

It changed the way police arrested public protesters.

It resulted in a bus boycott that lasted more than a year.

It led to an increase in the number of registered voters in southern states.

It prompted the government to station the National Guard in southern states.

By normalization of relations with China

By supporting the Arab coalition during the Yom Kippur War

By escalating the bombing of North Vietnam

By attacking enemy bases in Cambodia

Obtaining a driver's license

Organizing a blood drive

Choosing a place to live

Voting for city council members

By opening stores that sold consumer goods at discounted prices

By developing popular devices that changed the way people used electronics

By improving the methods used for offshore drilling by oil companies

By designing automobiles that utilized technology to reduce gasoline usage

the dissolution of Standard Oil Company

an oil rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico

the construction of the trans-Alaska pipeline

an embargo by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

celebrating the diversity of humankind

honoring the world’s agricultural workers

raising awareness of environmental issues

promoting peace throughout the world

traditionally Republican states voted Democratic

voters used computerized ballots

an African American won the presidency

a Southerner won the vice-presidency

Interviewing for employment

Reporting for jury duty

Collecting donations for charity

Preserving records of ethnic ancestry

prevent genocide

seize weapons of mass destruction

destroy an international terrorist organization

overthrow an absolute monarchy

“He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.”

“To secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”

“He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for

establishing Judiciary powers.”

“These United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and . . . they are Absolved from

all Allegiance to the British Crown.”

An increase in respect for suburban housewives

Increased political participation by minority groups

The revitalization of inner cities

Increased migration to rural areas

Roles of Entrepreneurs

Goals of the Federal Reserve

Objectives of Trade Union Leaders

Responsibilities of Business Professors

The establishment of multinational research centers in Antarctica

The presence of German immigrants in the United States

The establishment of a Saudi Arabian embassy in the United States

The rise of baseball as a major sport in Japan

The gathering of disillusioned youth at Woodstock

The burning of draft cards by opponents of the Vietnam War

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

The labor demonstrations during the Pullman strike

To pressure Congress to prohibit discrimination against disabled citizens

To demonstrate the economic impact of discriminatory practices on interstate transportation

To challenge the federal government to enforce Supreme Court rulings against discrimination in interstate transportation

To persuade states to abandon discriminatory voter-registration procedures

Increased property values in rural areas

Increased life expectancies in urban areas

Increased birth rates in rural areas

Increased migration to urban areas

Impeachment procedures were redefined.

Due process guidelines were reexamined.

Full faith and credit was reaffirmed.

State laws were deemed supreme over federal laws.

It expands the power of judicial review to military courts.

It allows the executive to determine the length of military conflicts.

It allows Congress to limit the military authority of the executive branch.

It gives Congress oversight of military strategy and operations.

Social justice

Populism

Laissez-faire

Egalitarianism

To recognize the independence of former satellite states

To reach a formal agreement on weapons control

To negotiate the reunification of Germany

To develop a global environmental-protection policy

ensure the safety of protesters at lunch counter sit-ins

end the violence directed against the Freedom Riders

enforce a ruling to desegregate public schools

protect citizens from rioting spurred by Ku Klux Klan rallies

Jacqueline Kennedy

Mamie Eisenhower

Eleanor Roosevelt

Claudia "Lady Bird" Johnson

The location of the surrounding barrier islands

The city's low elevation

The presence of offshore oil rigs

The buildup of silt in the Mississippi

By stimulating consumer demand for products

By making business transactions costlier

By causing shortages of essential materials

By discouraging coordination among producers

key aspects of a democracy based on popular sovereignty

checks and balances between branches of the federal government

legal rulings of a partisan nature as a result of judicial activism

separate roles of state and national governments in a federal system

The normalization of relations with China

The explosion aboard Apollo 13

The Watergate scandal

The nuclear-power accident at Three Mile Island

a global energy crisis brought on by an OPEC oil embargo

the bombing of a Marine barracks, followed by retaliatory U.S. air strikes

a U.S. boycott of the Olympics in protest of events in Central Asia

a hostage crisis that severely damaged confidence in the Carter administration

the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act

the verdict of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial

the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee

the internment of Japanese Americans

a decline in home ownership rates

a rise in the number of business failures

a decrease in federal employment opportunities

an increase in consumer spending

Robert L. Johnson’s creation of a major television network

Tim Berners-Lee’s invention of the World Wide Web

Jeff Bezos’ founding of Amazon.com

Michael Dell’s use of just-in-time manufacturing

Building pipelines to maximize the efficiency of transporting oil and gas

Placing large wind turbines in areas with strong, steady winds

Using hydraulic fracturing with water and sand to release oil and gas

Conducting open-pit mining in areas where coal is found near the surface

Hispanic American

Chinese American

Irish American

African American

To increase employee work hours

to increase monetary investment

To decrease safety requirements

To increase manufacturing productivity

A lack of funding for veteran pensions

Declining enlistment rates during peacetime

Discrimination against minority service members

A desire to repeal the draft

Government regulations prompted companies to develop alternative production techniques.

Decreased globalization prompted companies to innovate and improve existing products.

Decreased demand for new technology forced producers to reduce manufacturing costs.

Marketplace competition drove producers to innovate and improve products.

Eliminating trade barriers between the United States and Southeast Asia

Isolating the Soviet Union by improving Chinese relations with the United States

Promoting economic growth in the Pacific region

Preventing communism from spreading throughout Southeast Asia

The decline of family farming

The spread of new diseases

The growth of the suburbs

The reduction of defense spending

Contract with foreign nations to build wind turbines

Reduce federal spending on solar cell energy research

Drill fewer offshore wells to conserve marine life

Develop alternative energy sources

The focus of the movement shifted to the struggle of migrant workers.

The movement lost credibility with the American public.

The focus of the movement shifted to protesting U.S. involvement in foreign wars.

The movement lost an important national leader.

1. NAACT
2. Black Panthers
3. SNCC

1. SNCC
2. CORE
3. Black Panthers

1. Black Panthers
2. SNCC
3. NAACP

1. CORE
2. NAACP
3. AIM

Diffusion of American popular culture

Growth of American student exchange programs

Establishment of cultural imperialism

Expansion of affirmative action

The court ruled Florida’s use of butterfly ballots violated the Equal Protection Clause.

The court ruled on the constitutionality of the vote recount in Florida.

The court determined that campaign contributions are forms of free speech.

The court ruled that requiring literacy tests to vote was unconstitutional.

Hawk mentality

Credibility gap

Living-room war

Flexible response

It helped reduce voter discrimination at polling sites.

It increased state revenues associated with poll taxes.

It contributed to increased involvement of lobbyists in political campaigns.

It helped voters determine educational policy based on literacy test results.

By discouraging activists from relying on the judicial system

By guaranteeing scholarships to minority college students

By providing a judicial basis for achieving equality in other areas

By eliminating social barriers associated with hiring practices

By reducing tensions associated with the threat of nuclear war

By providing an exchange of weapons for war hostages

By allowing secret weapons technologies to be shared

By establishing an official cease-fire

The economic collapse of the Soviet Union caused by increased defense spending

A shortage of consumer goods following the end of a global conflict

Economic deflation caused by increased trade globalization

An embargo organized by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Robotics

Aeronautics

Chemistry

Nursing

Communications

Aerospace

Medical research

Transportation

Included debate over the use of line-item veto

Violated the principle of due process

Involved debate over the extent of executive and legislative authority

Deemed unconstitutional by the judicial branch

Confidence in the presidential selection process

Support for the containment of communism

Discontent over the antiwar and civil rights protests

Cynicism about government and elected politicians

The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon

The attack on the USS Cole

The mail-bombing campaign of the Unabomber

The bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City

By encouraging African Americans to achieve equality through vocational education

By directly supporting Marcus Garvey’s Black Star Steamship Line

By encouraging African Americans to accept Jim Crow laws

By forming the basis for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

A principal refuses to organize athletic events and programs for female sports teams.

The funding for a music program is cut because of declining tax revenues.

A teacher attempts to organize a charity basketball game for faculty and students.

The staffing for a foreign language class is reduced due to lack of interest.

• Prohibition

• The Lost Generation

• The Harlem Renaissance

• Religious fundamentalism

• Widespread unemployment

• New Deal programs

• The Golden Age of Hollywood

• The Dust Bowl

• The counterculture

• The Civil Rights movement

• The Vietnam War

• The Space Race

• Televangelists

• Neoconservatism

• Video games

• The fall of the Soviet Union

Drug and alcohol abuse among children

The effects of video-game violence on children

Diets high in sugar and salt among children

The effects of explicit lyrics in music on children

To enforce laws prohibiting discriminaton

To integrare public schools

To enforce privacy protections

To integrate the armed forces

A

B

C

D

A teenager pumps gasoline into a new car.

A man uses a credit card to pay for new purchases.

A pediatrician vaccinates patients against polio.

A woman uses a Global Positioning System to navigate around town.

Social Security Act

Twenty-Sixth Amendment

GI Bill

Americans with Disabilities Act

F

G

H

J

By expanding equal protection rights

By eliminating due process protections

By limiting free expression

By expanding the right of religious freedom

To diversify the workforce

To improve efficiency

To reduce the amount of goods in storage

To improve relations with inventory suppliers

By inspiring women int he 1960s to question their traditional social roles

By focusing attention on a widespread environmental problem

By advocating for passage of consumer safety laws during the 1970s

By bringing attention to racial discrimination in government hiring practices

By fighting against child labor

By supporting strict immigration quotas

By focusing on expanding civil rights for minorities

By lobbying against equal pay for equal work

The diffusion of U.S. culture

The result of U.S. free trade agreements

The communist control of government in China

The success of antitrust legislation in China

An increase in the number of coal-mining jobs

Fewer environmental protection laws

A lack of a sales tax on consumer goods

An increase in the number of economic opportunities

The fall of Saigon

The OPEC oil embargo

The Iraqi invasion of oil fields in Kuwait

The illegal sale of weapons to Iran

The New Frontier

The Great Society

The Return to Normalcy

The Contract with America

Using peaceful protests and acts of civil disobedience

Obtaining signatures to petition for a referendum

Pursuing litigation through the court system

Recalling officials in special elections

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

Passed the Endangered Species Act

Constructed the Hoover Dam

Passed the Community Reinvestment Act

Established the Department of Energy

Staying informed about issues affecting the country and communities

Defending the country through military service if the need arises

Getting a high-paying job with health care and retirement benefits

Participating on a grand jury on a regular basis

To negotiate the withdrawal of U.S. and Chinese soldiers from Korea

To create a military alliance with China against the Soviet Union

To create an agreement limiting Chinese and Soviet development of nuclear weapons

To normalize relations between the United States and China

Increased supplies of underground water

Increased damage to coastal ecosystems

Decreased greenhouse gas emissions

Decreased air pollution levels

The act allowed members of minority groups to join the armed forces because it desegregated the military.

The financial regulations in the act protected the deposits of bank customers.

The educational benefits included in the act helped provide training to military veterans.

The act provided employment opportunities for women because it made discrimination in the workplace illegal.

By increasing the number of workers in the agricultural sector

By increasing the amount of time used to manufacture goods

By increasing the efficiency of workers and businesses

By increasing the health and safety risks faced by industrial workers

Imposed economic sanctions on Israel

Provided humanitarian support to Iran

Conducted military operations in Afghanistan

Declared war against Pakistan

1) the earth's surface

2) highway systems

1) fault lines

2) earthquake alarm systems

1) sea level

2) levee systems

1) high tide

2) canal systems

Enforced the Wisconsin v. Yoder decision protecting First Amendment rights

Established the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) to promote voting rights

Passed civil rights legislation banning segregation in public places

Issued an executive order prohibiting limits on interstate migration

More passenger trains and better subway systems in the Sun Belt

More government regulation and fewer natural disasters in the Sun Belt

More job opportunities and lower cost of living in the Sun Belt

More cultural diversity and better funding for public education in the Sun Belt

Writing a ten-point platform that demanded decent housing

Using armed patrols to protect neighborhoods

Operating the Free Breakfast for Children Program

Creating "survival" programs that included medical and legal aid

His administration supported a revolution against an elected leader in Iran.

His policies involved the sharing of nuclear technology with Iran.

His policies threatened petroleum trade agreements with Iran.

His administration violated an embargo by selling weapons to Iran.

Cultural diffusion

Nativism

Social Darwinism

Containment

To reduce the use of gasoline by consumers

To reduce traffic on interstate highways

To improve the life expectancy of consumers

To increase the use of railroads

right to privacy

right to bear arms

right to a speedy trial

right to an attorney

given an early honorable discharge from U.S. military service

awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor

made an honorary member of the United Nations

awarded the Legion of Honor ribbon

African American painters of the Hudson river School focused on the beauty of nature.

African American architects created the Neoclassical style based on Roman and Greek models

African American Artists and writers celebrated their culture in a movement called the Harlem Renaissance.

African American musicians developed rock and roll music based on African rhythms and beats.

By increasing diversity in the workplace

By leading to the creation of a national health care system

By increasing the globalization of the economy

By leading to the passage of antitrust laws

Rights that change over time

Rights that cannot be taken away or denied

Rights that only governments can provide

Rights that cannot be defined and protected

By setting a precedent for Brown v. Board of Education

By reinforcing the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

By giving state governments the power to create school programs

By allowing for the creation of religious schools

Congress wanted to expand its power to provide funding to the military.

Congress wanted to limit the president's power to send U.S. troops into armed conflicts.

Congress wanted to regain control over its treaty-making powers.

Congress wanted to give the president the power to make battlefield decisions.

By encouraging the development of alternative forms of fuel

By increasing the speed limit on interstate highways

By decreasing funding for electrical power stations

By discouraging exploration for fossil fuels

The federal government passes laws to protect individual liberties.

The Supreme Court votes to approve the appointment of presidential cabinet members.

The Electoral College votes to approve the winner of congressional elections.

The federal government passes laws to regulate businesses.

By providing jobs in rural areas across the country

By inventing new technologies that helped create the internet

By building jewelry shops that sold luxury goods

By investing his money in the space technology industry

By supporting government funding of the arts and sciences

By supporting increased environmental protections

By supporting the implementation of social reforms

By supporting the development of free trade practices

Companies have reduced their production of goods.

Companies have limited the number of employees they hire.

Companies have established industry-wide pricing policies.

Companies have competed to make better products.

Fewer musicians gave live musical performances.

People were exposed to more diverse musical styles.

Music stores sold fewer musical instruments.

Many religious groups actively supported the new musical culture.

To assist doctors in diagnosing injuries

To assist farmers in irrigating crops

To protect agricultural products from insects

To prevent the outbreak of dangerous diseases.

Introducing reforms to health care insurance

Easing restrictions for gun ownership

Reducing regulations for offshore drilling

Requiring women to register for the draft