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- 1. Multiple Choice
A Chinese opium den, circa 1900. Photograph: Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORB
The photograph above is best understood in the context of...
Industrializing powers practicing economic imperialism
Industrializing powers establishing settler colonies
Industrializing powers using diplomacy to establish empires in Asia
Industrializing powers decreasing influence over colonies
- 2. Multiple Choice
A Chinese opium den, circa 1900. Photograph: Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORB
Which of the following was a direct result of the Opium Wars?
China’s autonomy in world trade
China’s independence by the end of the century
China’s decline in the nineteenth century
China’s continued isolation from the rest of the world
- 3. Multiple Choice
A Chinese opium den, circa 1900. Photograph: Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORB
Which of the following best explains the motivation behind smuggling opium into China?
Britain’s attempt at diplomacy with the Chinese
Britain’s demand for tea from China
China’s prices for silk were inflated
China’s demands for tea from Britain
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data in the graphic?
The force of nationalism in both Germany and Austria-Hungary acted as an agent of unification
Nationalism brought cohesiveness to Austria-Hungary but divisiveness to Germany in this time period
Nationalist sentiment had very different outcomes for central European empires in the 19th century
Trade and economic expansion were impacted by the nationalist experiences in Germany and Austria-Hungary
- 5. Multiple Choice
Based on the graphic, nationalism is an example of which of the following?
State-building
Expansion of Economic Systems
Cultural Development
Development of Social Structures
- 6. Multiple Choice
Based on your knowledge of history, the magnet in Map A was most likely strengthened or supported by what forces in 19th century Germany?
Economic interdependency
Cultural diffusion
Colonialism
Strong government leadership
- 7. Multiple Choice
“I can safely say that before the commencement of what I may call the Railway Period, not only were the wages in most parts of the country established by tradition and authority, rather than by the natural laws of supply and demand, but the opportunity to work was in general restricted to particular spots. For the first time in history the Indian finds that he has in his power of labor a valuable possession which, if he uses it right, will give him something much better than mere subsistence. Follow him to his own home, in some remote village, and you will find that the railway laborer has carried to his own village not only new modes of working, new wants, and a new feeling of self-respect and independence, but new ideas of what government and laws can offer him. And he is, I believe, a better and more loyal subject, as he is certainly a more useful laborer.”
Bartle Frere, British governor of the Bombay Presidency, India speech on opening of a rail line, 1863
Frere’s speech is best understood in the context of which of the following?
Governments in Asian empires undertaking economic reforms to catch up with European powers
Governments undertaking political and social reforms to mitigate the effects of industrial capitalism
Governments expanding and consolidating their empires using their increaseing industrial power
Governments promoting redistributionist policies to reduce income inequiality between labor and capital
- 8. Multiple Choice
“I can safely say that before the commencement of what I may call the Railway Period, not only were the wages in most parts of the country established by tradition and authority, rather than by the natural laws of supply and demand, but the opportunity to work was in general restricted to particular spots. For the first time in history the Indian finds that he has in his power of labor a valuable possession which, if he uses it right, will give him something much better than mere subsistence. Follow him to his own home, in some remote village, and you will find that the railway laborer has carried to his own village not only new modes of working, new wants, and a new feeling of self-respect and independence, but new ideas of what government and laws can offer him. And he is, I believe, a better and more loyal subject, as he is certainly a more useful laborer.”
Bartle Frere, British governor of the Bombay Presidency, India speech on opening of a rail line, 1863
The development described in the speech regarding the lifting of traditional restrictions on Indian labor contributed most directly to which of the following global processes?
Protests for improved sanitation and living conditions in industrial cities
Long-distance and overseas migrations of contractual and coerced workers
The decline of Spanish and Portuguese influence in the Indian Ocean
The emergence of new racial ideologies that supported European imperialism
- 9. Multiple Choice
“I can safely say that before the commencement of what I may call the Railway Period, not only were the wages in most parts of the country established by tradition and authority, rather than by the natural laws of supply and demand, but the opportunity to work was in general restricted to particular spots. For the first time in history the Indian finds that he has in his power of labor a valuable possession which, if he uses it right, will give him something much better than mere subsistence. Follow him to his own home, in some remote village, and you will find that the railway laborer has carried to his own village not only new modes of working, new wants, and a new feeling of self-respect and independence, but new ideas of what government and laws can offer him. And he is, I believe, a better and more loyal subject, as he is certainly a more useful laborer.”
Bartle Frere, British governor of the Bombay Presidency, India speech on opening of a rail line, 1863
Which of the following best explains Frer’s characterization of the time of his speech as the “railway Period” in British India?
Railways provided a means for Hindu pilgrims to visit sacred sites quickly and cheaply
Railways allowed British missionaries to spread Christianity more effectively
Railways opened up access to interior markets and resources for British commercial interests
Railways eased the overcrowding in Indian cities by allowing industrial workers to commute from suburban areas
- 10. Multiple Choice
“I can safely say that before the commencement of what I may call the Railway Period, not only were the wages in most parts of the country established by tradition and authority, rather than by the natural laws of supply and demand, but the opportunity to work was in general restricted to particular spots. For the first time in history the Indian finds that he has in his power of labor a valuable possession which, if he uses it right, will give him something much better than mere subsistence. Follow him to his own home, in some remote village, and you will find that the railway laborer has carried to his own village not only new modes of working, new wants, and a new feeling of self-respect and independence, but new ideas of what government and laws can offer him. And he is, I believe, a better and more loyal subject, as he is certainly a more useful laborer.”
Bartle Frere, British governor of the Bombay Presidency, India speech on opening of a rail line, 1863
Which of the following later developments would most undermine the hopes set forth by Frere in the last sentence of his speech?
Easier access to Indian raw materials led to a decrease in prices of British manufactured good
Japanese emulation of Western models of development spurred imperial rivalries that led to the second World War
Improved transportation and communication in India helped develop a shared sense of identity that led to greater Indian nationalism
Increased migration would lead to the creation of Indian ethnic enclaves in Great Britain and other parts of the British Empire
- 11. Multiple Choice
In 1848, German thinker Karl Marx, along with Frederich Engels, authored a book titled “The Communist Manifesto”, which became one of the most influential pieces of political writing in history. The following is one of the ideas contained within that book:
“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, that each time ended, either in the revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.”
― Karl Marx, the Communist Manifesto
The views in this quotation are best seen as evidence of which of the following?
Societal harmony between social classes at the time
The desire by some to alter the class system
The author’s optimistic opinion of capitalism
The widespread use of serfs in Western Europe
- 12. Multiple Choice
In 1848, German thinker Karl Marx, along with Frederich Engels, authored a book titled “The Communist Manifesto”, which became one of the most influential pieces of political writing in history. The following is one of the ideas contained within that book:
“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, that each time ended, either in the revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.”
― Karl Marx, the Communist Manifesto
The tone of this document best reflects which of the following developments?
The rise of National Socialism in Germany
The Enlightenment
The industrial Revolution
Twentieth century European nationalism
- 13. Multiple Choice
Following China’s defeat by the British in the Opium War of 1839-1842, the following conditions, written out in the Treaty of Nanking, were imposed on the Chinese government by the British.
The Treaty of Nanjing, August 1842
Article V “The Government of China having compelled the British Merchants trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese Merchants called Hong merchants (or Cohong) who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all Ports where British Merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please, and His Imperial Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of Three Millions of Dollars, on account of Debts due to British Subjects by some of the said Hong Merchants (or Cohong) who have become insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.”
Which of the following best describes the larger context in which the Treaty of Nanking was written?
British and French were expanding their influence in China through the Opium Wars
The Chinese attitude of Middle Kingdom led to the rise and fall of a new dynasty
There were continuing patterns of previous centuries where Chinese authorities strictly controlled and limited activities of Europeans
The continuity of Chinese dynastic rule
- 14. Multiple Choice
Following China’s defeat by the British in the Opium War of 1839-1842, the following conditions, written out in the Treaty of Nanking, were imposed on the Chinese government by the British.
The Treaty of Nanjing, August 1842
Article V “The Government of China having compelled the British Merchants trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese Merchants called Hong merchants (or Cohong) who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all Ports where British Merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please, and His Imperial Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of Three Millions of Dollars, on account of Debts due to British Subjects by some of the said Hong Merchants (or Cohong) who have become insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.”
This treaty best reflects which of the following influences
The influence of Confucianism in Chinese foreign policy
Communism’s influence in 19th century China
Continuing patterns of previous centuries where Chinese authorities strictly controlled outside influence in China
The British expanding their sphere of influence
- 15. Multiple Choice
Take up the White Man’s burden—
Send forth the best ye breed—
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives’ need
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child . . .
Take up the White Man’s burden—
And reap his old reward;
The blame of those ye better,
The hate of those ye guard.
--from English journalist, poet and novelist, Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden”, 1899.
The tone of Rudyard Kipling’s “White Man’s Burden” reflects which of the following beliefs?
It is relatively easy to work among native peoples
Instruction in Christian teaching is the most important responsibility of Europeans
Natives generally appreciate the help they receive from Europeans
Europeans are able to improve the lives of the natives, who are in need of help from their European superiors
- 16. Multiple Choice
Take up the White Man’s burden—
Send forth the best ye breed—
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives’ need
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child . . .
Take up the White Man’s burden—
And reap his old reward;
The blame of those ye better,
The hate of those ye guard.
--from English journalist, poet and novelist, Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden”, 1899.
Based on the excerpt of “The White Man’s Burden” and your knowledge of world history, which of the following events encouraged the development of Social Darwinist philosophies?
Immigration of Europeans to the Americas
Imperialism of non-Western countries by industrialized nations
The export of European livestock to the Americas
Encouragement of Africans and Asians fighting back against European aggressors
- 17. Multiple Choice
Take up the White Man’s burden—
Send forth the best ye breed—
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives’ need
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child . . .
Take up the White Man’s burden—
And reap his old reward;
The blame of those ye better,
The hate of those ye guard.
--from English journalist, poet and novelist, Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden”, 1899
The developments described in “The White Man’s Burden” contributed most directly to which of the following global processes?
Globalization
Imperialism
Colonialism
industrialization
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data in the above chart?
The population in the United States grew by approximately 23? Between 1750 and 1900
Germany experienced greater economic growth than did the United Kingdom between 1750 and 1900
Russia had a greater share of the world’s economy during the 18th century than it did during the 20th century
Between 1750 and 1900 China and India’s percentage of the world economy fell whereas the percentage for Europe and the United States grew
- 19. Multiple Choice
The conclusion you identified in questions 19 is best explained as a result of which of the following?
Relative demographic results of global conflicts such as WWI and WWII
The varying effects of the Industrial Revolution
Different development strategies adopted by communist and capitalist nations
The proliferation of large-scale transnational businesses
- 20. Multiple Choice
In response to its loss of sovereignty and to the changes in its world economic position reflected in the chart, reformists in Qing China promoted the Self-Strengthening Movement which proposed...
Adopting European industrial technology while adhering to the Confucian traditions
Overthrowing the Manchu government in order to adopt communism
Implementing free trading policies associated with Adam Smith and classical liberalism
Abandoning Chinese cultural traditions in order to westernize the Chinese economy and military
- 21. Multiple Choice
Which of the following most contributed to the changing position of the United States and the European countries reflected in the chart?
The adoption of mercantilism trading policies
Monopolies granted to joint stock trading companies
The rapid development of steam-powered industrial production
The use of tariffs to protect domestic industry
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was NOT a reason factories like this first appeared in England?
Socialism first took root in England, spurring more investment in factories
England had large, easy-to-reach coal and iron ore
England had an abundance of rivers and canals to transport raw materials and finished products
England had a well-established banking system, making capital available to build factories
- 23. Multiple Choice
How did the change from cottage industries to factory production impact the role women played in working class factories?
Factory production and the resulting urbanization made it too dangerous for women to leave their homes, so most working class women only worked inside the home
The collapse of urban guilds led to more equality for working class women
Working class women were more likely to work outside the home, taking jobs in the new factories at a fraction of the pay men received
Migration to cities and factory work mostly only impacted men
- 24. Multiple Choice
What new economic and political movement was spurred by workers' opposition to poor conditions in factories like the one above?
Fascism
Monarchism
Capitalism
Socialism
- 25. Multiple Choice
“As the public mood darkened, a meeting of The Assembly of Notables (the clergy, aristocrats and magistrates) failed to sort out the financial crisis, prompting King Louis XVI to convene the Estates General, an elected national assembly, for the first time in 150 years. The meeting at Versailles degenerated into confusion, however, prompting the king to sack his financial minister, Jacques Necker, and call out the army. Ultimately, it was at the Cafe du Foy, on the afternoon of July 12, 1789, that a young lawyer named Camille Desmoulins set the French Revolution in motion. Crowds had gathered in the nearby gardens of the Palais Royal, and tensions rose as the news of Necker’s dismissal spread, since he was the only government official trusted by the people. Revolutionaries stoked fears that the army would soon descend to massacre the crowd. Desmoulins leaped onto a table outside the cafe, brandishing a pistol and shouting “To arms, citizens! To arms!” His cry was taken up, and Paris quickly descended into chaos; the Bastille was stormed by an angry mob two days later.”
Source: A History of the World in 6 Glasses, Tom Standage, 2005
The French Revolution is most similar to which other political revolution, in that they were set in motion by the bottom strata of the society?
American Revolution
Latin American Revolution(s)
Haitian Revolution
Industrial Revolution
- 26. Multiple Choice
Based on the source and your knowledge of world history, which of the following best describes the effects of Robespierre’s argument?
It led to a period of relative peace and stability in France
It resulted in Austria, Prussia, and England declaring war against France
It led to a year long period of violence known as the Reign of Terror
It resulted in Napoleon Bonaparte’s coup d’etat
- 27. Multiple Choice
What was most likely Robespierre’s purpose for writing this report?
To inform French citizens on the current state of the government
To provoke suspicion among the Revolutionaries
To justify the use of a strict curfew in Paris
To persuade conservatives that Republicanism was superior to Monarchy
- 28. Multiple Choice
“The condition of foreign states is not what it once was; they have invented the steamship, and introduced radical changes in the art of navigation. They have also built up their armies to a state of great efficiency and are possessed of war implements of great power and precision, in short have license to be formidable peers. If, therefore, we persistently cling to our antiquated systems, heaven only knows what a mighty calamity may befall our Empire.”
-adapted from a letter written by Lord Ii to Lord Tokugawa, 1847
Which event or period in Japan’s history best reflects Lord Ii’s concerns?
The expulsion of Christian missionaries from Japan
The adoption of Chinese imperial customs in the Japanese court
The annexation of Manchuria by the Japanese
Commodore Perry forcing Japan to open its ports to trade
- 29. Multiple Choice
“The condition of foreign states is not what it once was; they have invented the steamship, and introduced radical changes in the art of navigation. They have also built up their armies to a state of great efficiency and are possessed of war implements of great power and precision, in short have license to be formidable peers. If, therefore, we persistently cling to our antiquated systems, heaven only knows what a mighty calamity may befall our Empire.”
-adapted from a letter written by Lord Ii to Lord Tokugawa, 1847
How did Japan respond to the concerns raised by Lord Ii during this era?
The government dismantled the Chinese-style civil service system
The government undertook a program of conquest in the Pacific
The country sent emissaries to study western democracies and industry
The country turned inward and closed its ports to all foreigners
- 30. Multiple Choice
“The condition of foreign states is not what it once was; they have invented the steamship, and introduced radical changes in the art of navigation. They have also built up their armies to a state of great efficiency and are possessed of war implements of great power and precision, in short have license to be formidable peers. If, therefore, we persistently cling to our antiquated systems, heaven only knows what a mighty calamity may befall our Empire.”
-adapted from a letter written by Lord Ii to Lord Tokugawa, 1847
The era in Japanese history following this passage is known as the
Meiji Restoration
Heian period
Tokugawa Shogunate
Jomon period
- 31. Multiple Choice
The quotation below by an early-twentieth- century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of...
“The yellow and white races which are to be found on the globe have been endowed by nature with intelligence and fighting capacity. They are fundamentally incapable of giving way to each other. Hence, glowering and poised for a fight, they have engaged in battle in the world of evolution, the great arena where strength and intelligence have clashed since earliest times, the great theater where for so long natural selection and progress have been played out.”
Social Darwinism
communism
National Socialism
anarchism
- 32. Multiple Choice
36. Which of the following European developments is most closely associated with the revolution in Haiti?
The Protestant Reformation
The Russian Revolution
The French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
- 33. Multiple Choice
37. Which of the following was a widespread social consequence of industrialization in the 1800s?
A decline in the social status of women
An increase in the power and prestige of the landowning aristocracy
The general leveling of social hierarchies based on wealth
The creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areas
- 34. Multiple Choice
38. Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women’s lives?
By the end of the century, new social welfare legislation made it possible for most women to earn university degrees.
Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities.
By the end of the century, women gained the right to vote in most European countries.
Women came to dominate the agricultural workforce as men moved to cities to take industrial jobs.
- 35. Multiple Choice
39. Which of the following statements is true about the world at the end of the twentieth century?
The standard of living in the least economically developed countries of the world rapidly approached that of the most developed countries.
The pace and intensity of international contacts accelerated as a result of transportation and communication breakthroughs.
The world balance of power was reversed as the West no longer had a military advantage over non-Western countries.
World religions were in decline as the spread of science and secularism intensified.
- 36. Multiple Choice
40. The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following?
Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas
Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands
Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control
Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states
- 37. Multiple Choice
“Americans . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society as mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products that are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this, add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity . . . in short, do you wish to know what our future held?–simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton; cattle raising on the broad plains; hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold.”
- Simón Bolívar, “Jamaica Letter,” 1815
Which of the following groups was Bolívar most trying to influence with this letter?
Mulatto shopkeepers
Plantation slaves
Amerindian miners
Creole elites
- 38. Multiple Choice
“Americans . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society as mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products that are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this, add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity . . . in short, do you wish to know what our future held?–simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton; cattle raising on the broad plains; hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold.”
- Simón Bolívar, “Jamaica Letter,” 1815
43. Bolívar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?
Feudalism
Mercantilism
Socialism
Capitalism
- 39. Multiple Choice
44. The trade patterns shown on the map below depict
British imports of raw materials and exports of finished goods during the nineteenth century
major slave trading routes in the nineteenth century
British trade routes that developed as a result of the disruption caused by the First World War
illicit drug routes that developed in the second half of the twentieth century
- 40. Multiple Choice
Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was the...
A. Industrial Revolution
B. European medical technology
C. Spanish control of New World silver
D. the Enlightenment
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