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Social Studies
8th -
12thgrade
Unit 5 - Weathering, Erosion, Deposition
130 questions
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- 1. Multiple ChoiceA particle diameter of 0.0007 cm corresponds to which sediment classification?sandsiltclaypebble
- 2. Multiple ChoiceA particle diameter of 0.007 cm corresponds to which sediment classification?sandsiltclaypebble
- 3. Multiple ChoiceA particle diameter of 0.07 cm corresponds to which sediment classification?sandsiltclaypebble
- 4. Multiple ChoiceA particle diameter of 0.7 cm corresponds to which sediment classification?sandsiltclaypebble
- 5. Multiple ChoiceForms when a flowing glacier erodes an area between two mountains.U-Shaped ValleyV-Shaped ValleyKettleMoraine
- 6. Multiple ChoiceForms when a flowing river erodes an area between two mountains.U-Shaped ValleyV-Shaped ValleyKettleMoraine
- 7. Multiple ChoiceGlaciers often form V shaped valleystruefalse
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which agent of erosion created this landform?
Ocean waves
Moving Ice
Wind
Gravity
- 9. Multiple Choice
Glacial erosion causes ______ as it moves across the land.
plucking and striations
beaches and sand bars
sea caves and headlands
sand dunes and ventifacts
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhat glacial features are indicated by the labels C and D on the figure?morainesoutwash plainskettle lakesice sheets
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhat glacial features are indicated by the label B on the figure?moraineoutwash plainkettle lakeice sheet
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhat glacial features is likely to form at label A on the figure?moraineoutwash plainkettle lakeice sheet
- 13. Multiple ChoiceWhat is an enormous mass of ice moving over land?glaciericebergice wedgingdune
- 14. Multiple ChoiceWhat is an enormous mass of sand being blown by wind?drumlinunsorted sedimentsice wedgingdune
- 15. Multiple Choice
What is the laying down or settling of eroded material?
River Abrasion
Dunes
Deposition
Weathering
- 16. Multiple Choice_____ are parallel scratch marks on bedrockPluckingAbrasionStriationsTill
- 17. Multiple Choice
_____ happens when rocks stuck along the base of a glacier create polishing, grooves and striations.
Plucking
Abrasion
Weathering
Erosion
- 18. Multiple Choice_____ are enormous boulders transported and deposited by glaciers, often far from their source region.TillErraticsMorainesDrumlins
- 19. Multiple ChoiceA _____ is a tear-drop-shaped hill created by ice flow over and around till deposit.drumlineskermoraineerratic
- 20. Multiple Choice_____ are depressions formed as stranded ice blocks melt in outwash.erraticseskerskettlesdrumlin
- 21. Multiple Choice
What are hills made of glacial till that point in the direction of glacier movement?
outwash plains
kettle lakes
drumlins
eskers
- 22. Multiple ChoiceThe photograph below shows a valley. Which agent of erosion most likely produced this valley’s shape?blowing windocean wavesmoving icerunning water
- 23. Multiple ChoiceHow do roots stop erosion?They block the wind from the soil.They loosen soil.They lift up sediment.They hold sediment into place.
- 24. Multiple Choice
Abrasion by wind-carried sand is the leading cause of erosion in New York.
True
False
- 25. Multiple ChoiceThe block diagram below represents a rapid downslope flow of saturated soil and rock layers. What are two likely causes of this rapid downslope flow?groundwater and abrasiongroundwater and gravityprevailing wind and abrasionprevailing wind and gravity
- 26. Multiple ChoiceHow was this erosional feature created?windoceanstream rivergravity
- 27. Multiple ChoiceGlacial moraine (sediments carried by glaciers) can be described assorted and layeredsorted and not layeredunsorted and layeredunsorted and not layered
- 28. Multiple ChoiceHow was this erosional feature created?running watermoving icewave actionmass movement
- 29. Multiple ChoiceThe photograph below shows a U-shaped valley. Which agent of erosion most likely produced this valley’s shape?blowing windocean wavesmoving icerunning water
- 30. Multiple ChoiceThe satellite photograph below shows the Mississippi River entering into the Gulf of Mexico. Arrows show the direction of river flow. This depositional feature in the Gulf of Mexico is best identified asa deltaa sandbara barrier islandan outwash plain
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWhich diagram represents a side view of a sand dune most commonly formed as a result of the prevailing wind direction shown?1234
- 32. Multiple ChoiceWhich cross section best represents the valley shape where a rapidly flowing stream is cutting into the bedrock in a mountainous area?1234
- 33. Multiple ChoiceThe photograph shows scratched and grooved bedrock. The scratches and grooves were most likely created whenalternating thawing and freezing of water cracked the bedrockflooding from a nearby lake covered the bedrocka glacier dragged rocks over the bedrockrocks from a landslide slid along the bedrock
- 34. Multiple ChoiceThe natural sandblasting (abrasion) of surface bedrock in a desert region is the result ofwind erosionwave erosionmass movementchemical precipitation
- 35. Multiple ChoiceWhich list best identifies the agent of erosion that primarily determined the shape of each valley?photograph A—glacier; photograph B—riverphotograph A—river; photograph B—glacierBoth A and B—riverBoth A and B—glacier
- 36. Multiple ChoiceWhich agent of erosion most likely formed the drumlins and finger lakes in New York State?running watermoving icewave actionmass movement
- 37. Multiple ChoiceBased on the photograph, which erosional agent had the greatest effect on the structures that humans have built on this landscape?windgravityglaciersriver
- 38. Multiple ChoiceWhich erosional force produces avalanches and landslides?gravityrunning waterwindocean waves
- 39. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram below shows a portion of a stream. The sand bar formed as a direct result oferosion due to a decrease in stream velocityerosion due to an increase in stream velocitydeposition due to a decrease in stream velocitydeposition due to an increase in stream velocity
- 40. Multiple ChoiceThe map below represents a river as it enters a lake.
At which locations is the amount of deposition greater than the amount of erosion?A,C and EB, D and FB, C, and FA, D and E - 41. Multiple ChoiceThe map below shows an overhead view of sediments that have accumulated at the bottom of a lake. Points A through D represent locations on the shoreline of the lake. A river most likely flows into the lake nearest to locationABCD
- 42. Multiple ChoiceSediments are deposited in a river delta because thevelocity of the river decreasedforce of gravity decreasedvolume of the river increasesgradient of the river increases
- 43. Multiple ChoiceAt which location is the greatest amount of sediment most likely being deposited?ABCD
- 44. Multiple ChoiceTrees growing on the edge of a river's meander are most likely to fall into the river due todeposition on the inside of the meanderdeposition on the outside of the meandererosion on the inside of the meandererosion on the outside of the meander
- 45. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram below shows a section of a meander in a stream. The arrow shows the direction of stream flow. The stream bank on the outside of this meander is steeper than than the stream bank on the inside of this meander because the water on the outside of the meander is movingSlower, causing depositionFaster, causing depositionSlower, causing erosionFaster, causing erosion
- 46. Multiple ChoiceThe columns A, B, C, and D shown below contain equal volumes of sediment. When an equal volume of water is added to each column, the greatest rate of infiltration will occur in which column?ABCD
- 47. Multiple Choice
A stream’s velocity decreases from 100 cm/s to 5 cm/s. Which size sediment particles will still be transported by the stream?
pebbles, sand, silt and clay
sand, silt and clay only
silt and clay only
clay only
- 48. Multiple ChoiceFlash flooding often occurs in city areas becauserunoff decreases during preciptiationground water storage is usually very largeroads, pavements and buildings reduce the infiltration of water into the groundthe heat generated by the city areas decreases actual evapotranspiration
- 49. Multiple ChoiceDuring a rainstorm, when the soil becomes saturated, the amount of infiltrationdecreases and runoff decreasesdecreases and runoff increasesincreases and runoff decreasesincreases and runoff increases
- 50. Multiple ChoiceWhat is necessary for sand dunes to form?a loose sand and strong windpressure in the Earthice glaciersGravity
- 51. Multiple Choice
What is a landform that forms when rivers or glaciers wear away rock and soil?
valley
hoodoo
sand dune
ventifact
- 52. Multiple Choice
What is a hill of sand that is deposited by the wind?
valley
sand dune
hoodoo
canyon
- 53. Multiple Choice
What is the movement of weathered materials by water, wind, or ice?
weathering
deposition
landform
erosion
- 54. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the minimum water velocity necessary to maintain movement of 0.1-centimeter-diameter particles in a stream?5.0 cm/s0.02 cm/s0.5 cm/s20.0 cm/s
- 55. Multiple ChoiceWhich graph best indicates the general relationship between soil particle size and the amount of water retention by a permeable soil?GRAPH 1GRAPH 2GRAPH 3GRAPH 4
- 56. Multiple Choice
The two block diagrams below represent the formation of caves. Which types of weathering and erosion are primarily responsible for the formation of caves?
chemical weathering and groundwater flow
chemical weathering and runoff
physical weathering and groundwater flow
physical weathering and runoff
- 57. Multiple ChoiceThe cross sections below represent three beakers that were used to test porosity. Beakers A, B, and C each contain a different size of bead. Each beaker holds an equal volume of beads. The amount of water needed to fill the total pore space between the beads in each beaker was measured.
Which statement best describes the porosity that was found for these three samples?
A had a greater porosity than B and C.B had a greater porosity than A and C.C had a greater porosity than A and B.All three samples had the same porosity. - 58. Multiple ChoiceA meandering stream deposits most of its sediments on theinside of meanders where the stream flows fasterinside of meanders where the stream flows sloweroutside of meanders where the stream flows fasteroutside of meanders where the stream flows slower
- 59. Multiple ChoiceSediment is deposited as a river enters a lake because thevelocity of the river decreasesforce of gravity decreasesvolume of water increasesslope of the river increases
- 60. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the approximate minimum stream velocity needed to keep a particle in motion that has a diameter of 10 centimeters?110 cm/s190 cm/s325 cm/s425 cm/s
- 61. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the best evidence that a glacial erratic has been transported?It is located at a high elevation in a mountainous area.It is less than 25 centimeters in diameter.Its composition is different from that of the bedrock under it.It appears to have been intensely metamorphosed.
- 62. Multiple ChoiceWhat change will a pebble usually undergo when it is transported a great distance by streams?It will become jagged and its mass will decrease.It will become jagged and its volume will increase.It will become rounded and its mass will increase.It will become rounded and its volume will decrease.
- 63. Multiple ChoiceWhich is larger, a boulder or cobble?BoulderCobble
- 64. Multiple ChoiceWhat is larger, a pebble or sand?PebbleSand
- 65. Multiple ChoiceWhich is smaller, sand or silt?SandSilt
- 66. Multiple ChoiceWhich is smaller, pebble or cobble?PebbleCobble
- 67. Multiple ChoiceWhich soil particles have the smallest pore spaces between sediments?ClaySiltSand
- 68. Multiple ChoiceWhich has a higher porosity?Sample ASample BThey have the same porosity
- 69. Multiple ChoiceCompared to column A, since B has a greater amount of pore space...it will have faster rates of infiltrationit will have slower rates of infiltrationIt will have the same rate of infiltrationIt will have a longer time needed to infiltrate
- 70. Multiple ChoicePermeability is defined as...The process of water soaking into a soil sampleThe ability of a soil sample to permit water to flow through itThe percentage of empty space in a soil sampleWhat happens to water that cannot soak through a soil sample
- 71. Multiple ChoiceWhich has a higher retention?Sample ASample BThey have the same retention
- 72. Multiple ChoiceRetention is defined as...The amount of water that is kept within soil after it is drainedThe ability of a soil sample to permit water to flow through itThe percentage of empty space in a soil sampleWhat happens to water that cannot soak through a soil sample
- 73. Multiple ChoiceWhen porosity increases, the permeability increases.
This means that there is a(n) ________ relationship between these two variables.directinverse - 74. Multiple ChoiceWhen permeability increases, the retention decreases.
This means that there is a(n) ________ relationship between these two variables because ____ _________________________.direct - an increase in one causes a decrease in the otherinverse - an increase in one causes a decrease in the otherdirect - an increase in one causes an increase in the otherinverse - an increase in one causes an increase in the other - 75. Multiple Choice
Physical weathering is best defined as...
Mechanical changes to a rock by a variety of forces.
Compositional changes to a rock by a variety of forces.
Changes to a rock caused by the weather.
All of the above.
- 76. Multiple ChoiceThe picture shown is an example of what type of weathering?Physical - Root ActionPhysical - AbrasionChemical - Root ActionChemical - Abrasion
- 77. Multiple Choice
The picture shows a cave created out of limestone from acidic rainwater. This is an example of what type of weathering?
Physical - Oxidation
Physical - Carbonation
Chemical - Oxidation
Chemical - Carbonation
- 78. Multiple ChoiceThe picture shows ice breaking apart a piece of solid bedrock. This is an example of what type of weathering?Physical - Frost ActionPhysical - CarbonationChemical - Frost ActionChemical - Carbonation
- 79. Multiple Choice
The picture shows rocks falling down a cliff. This is an example of what type of erosion?
Ocean Waves
Gravity
Running Water
Wind
- 80. Multiple ChoiceThe picture shows rusted iron sediments that were exposed to water. This is an example of what type of weathering?Physical - OxidationPhysical - CarbonationChemical - OxidationChemical - Carbonation
- 81. Multiple ChoicePhysical weathering changes...the shape AND the composition of rocks.the shape BUT NOT the composition of rocks.the composition BUT NOT the shape of rocks.NEITHER the shape NOR the composition of rocks.
- 82. Multiple ChoiceChemical weathering changes...the shape AND the composition of rocks.the shape BUT NOT the composition of rocks.the composition BUT NOT the shape of rocks.NEITHER the shape NOR the composition of rocks.
- 83. Multiple ChoiceA necessary ingredient for chemical weathering is...watercarbon dioxideoxygenmethane
- 84. Multiple Choice
Arid environments usually have
BOTH chemical and physical weathering
some physical BUT NOT chemical weathering
some chemical BUT NOT physical weathering
NEITHER chemical nor physical weathering
- 85. Multiple Choice
The picture shows a limestone statue that has been weathered. This is an example of what type of weathering?
Physical - Carbonation
Physical - Abrasion
Chemical - Carbonation
Chemical - Abrasion
- 86. Multiple ChoiceThe picture shows a sinkhole that has opened up in limestone bedrock under a city. This is an example of what type of weathering?Physical - CarbonationPhysical - AbrasionChemical - CarbonationChemical - Abrasion
- 87. Multiple ChoiceThe amount of chemical weathering will increase if...air temperature increases and precipitation decreasesair temperature decreases and precipitation also decreasesair temperature decreases and precipitation increasesair temperature increases and precipitation also increases
- 88. Multiple ChoiceThe amount of chemical weathering will decrease if...air temperature increases and precipitation decreasesair temperature decreases and precipitation also decreasesair temperature decreases and precipitation increasesair temperature increases and precipitation also increases
- 89. Multiple ChoiceThe most chemical weathering will happen when the climate is...cool and drywarm and drycool and wetwarm and wet
- 90. Multiple ChoiceThe least chemical weathering will happen when the climate is...cool and drywarm and drycool and wetwarm and wet
- 91. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of weathering was responsible for the development of these caves?chemical weathering of limestonephysical weathering of limestonechemical weathering of sandstonephysical weathering of sandstone
- 92. Multiple ChoiceWhich activity demonstrates chemical weathering?freezing of water in the cracks of a sandstone sidewalkrusting of iron particles in soilgrinding a sediment into powderabrasion in a stream by tumbling sediments
- 93. Multiple ChoiceWhich layer is MOST resistant to weathering?Layer ALayer BLayer CLayer D
- 94. Multiple ChoiceWhich layer is LEAST resistant to weathering?Layer ALayer BLayer CLayer D
- 95. Multiple Choice
Which characteristics best distinguish one landscape region from another?
human population density and types of environmental pollutants
stream gradients and soil types
bedrock structure and elevation of land surfaces
composition of bedrock and variety of fossils
- 96. Multiple Choice
In which New York State landscape region is Niagara Falls located?
Tug Hill Plateau
St. Lawrence Lowlands
Allegheny Plateau
Erie-Ontario Lowlands
- 97. Multiple Choice
Which sequence shows the order in which landscape regions are crossed as an airplane flies in a straight course from Albany, New York to Massena, New York?
plateau → plain → mountain
plateau → mountain → plain
plain → mountain → plain
mountain → plain → plateau
- 98. Multiple Choice
Landscapes characterized by gentle slopes and meandering streams are most often found in regions with
steep mountian cliffs
sediment-covered bedrock
recently active faults and folds
high volcanic activity
- 99. Multiple Choice
Which New York State landscape region is composed mainly of metamorphosed surface bedrock?
Taconic Mountains
Allegheny Plateau
Atlantic Coastal Plain
Erie-Ontario Lowlands
- 100. Multiple Choice
State the name of the New York State landscape region that includes location A shown in the diagram.
Erie-Ontario Lowlands
the Catskills
Taconic Mountains
Allegheny Plateau
- 101. Multiple Choice
Chemical weathering is best defined as...
Mechanical changes to a rock by a variety of forces.
Compositional changes to a rock by a variety of forces.
Changes to a rock caused by the weather.
All of the above.
- 102. Multiple Choice
Which factor most likely caused the differences in these stream drainage patterns?
Time
Climate
Human activities
Bedrock structure
- 103. Multiple Choice
Which cross section best represents the shape of the stream channel at line XY?
- 104. Multiple Choice
Which list correctly identifies the type of landscapes represented by letters A, B, and C?
A = plain, B = plateau, C = mountain
A = plateau, B = plain, C = mountain
A = mountain, B = plateau, C = plain
A = plain, B = mountain, C = plateau
- 105. Multiple Choice
The narrow, sandy, barrier islands in the ocean along the south coast of Long Island were deposited by
wave action
glaciers
wind
streams
- 106. Multiple Choice
Which type of landscape region is found at 44º North latitude and 75º West longitude?
mountains
plains
plateau
lowlands
- 107. Multiple Choice
The feature labeled "X" was created by wave action. What is the name of the feature indicated by the letter X?
barrier islands
island arc
delta
morain
- 108. Multiple Choice
The cross section below represents large boulders made of granite, gneiss, and quartzite that are found lying on limestone bedrock near Oswego, New York.
If no overturning of bedrock has occurred, which statement correctly explains the source of the boulders?
The limestone was changed by contact metamorphism caused by a lava flow.
The limestone bedrock formed under conditions of high heat and pressure.
Older igneous and metamorphic bedrock that once covered the limestone eroded away, forming the boulders.
The boulders were transported and deposited on the limestone bedrock by a glacier.
- 109. Multiple Choice
The greatest stream velocities are found closest to points
A and B
B and C
C and D
D and A
- 110. Multiple Choice
Which stream profile best represents the cross section from A to A' ?
- 111. Multiple Choice
The shape of elongated hills labeled drumlins is most useful in determining the
direction of glacial movement
age of the glacier
thickness of the glacial ice
rate of glacial movement
- 112. Multiple Choice
The diagram below represents a side view of a hill (drumlin) that was deposited by a glacier on the Atlantic coast.
This hill is most likely composed of
cemented sediments
unsorted sediments
vertically layered sediments
horizontally layered sediments
- 113. Multiple Choice
Which cross section best represents the valley shape where a rapidly flowing stream is cutting into the bedrock in a mountainous area?
- 114. Multiple Choice
Which profile best shows the general depositional pattern that occurs when water from a stream enters the ocean?
- 115. Multiple Choice
What feature is pictured?
oxbow lake
braided river
U-shaped valley
landslide
- 116. Multiple Choice
When a river meets a large body of water...
it speeds up, picking up more material
it continues at the same speed
it slows down, depositing material
it makes a whirlpool
- 117. Multiple Choice
Organic material would be near the ______________ of a section of soil
top
middle
bottom
- 118. Multiple Choice
What is a watershed?
a shed with water
rivers and streams
land area that drains tributaries and rivers into it
wetlands and marshes
- 119. Multiple Choice
The amount of chemical weathering will increase if
air temperature decreases and precipitation decreases
air temperature increases and precipitation decreases
air temperature decreases and precipitation increases
air temperature increases and precipitation increases
- 120. Multiple Choice
Which factor has the most influence on the development of soil?
climate
longitude
amount of eroded sediment
slope of the landscape
- 121. Multiple Choice
The cross section above shows the rock structure of a deeply eroded, domed mountain region. Which map shows the stream drainage pattern that will most likely develop as the bedrock is weathered and eroded from this igneous dome?
- 122. Multiple Choice
The landscape feature labeled X is best described as
a flood plain
a sand bar
a delta
an escarpment
- 123. Multiple Choice
Compared to the stream velocity between point X and point Y, the stream velocity between point Y and point Z is most likely
greater, since the slope of the land decreases
greater, since the slope of the land increases
less, since the slope of the land decreases
less, since the slope of the land decreases
- 124. Multiple Choice
Over which two landscape regions do the streams in watershed D flow?
Tug Hill Plateau and the Catskills
Tug Hill Plateau and Erie-Ontario Lowlands
Adirondack Mountains and Champlain Lowlands
Adirondack Mountains and St. Lawrence Lowlands
- 125. Multiple Choice
Which two locations have the greatest stream velocities?
A and B
B and C
C and D
D and A
- 126. Multiple Choice
Which two cities are located in the Interior Lowlands?
Elmira and Binghamton
Riverhead and New York City
Massena and Old Forge
Buffalo and Watertown
- 127. Multiple Choice
At which two locations would the stream most likely be the deepest?
A and B
B and C
C and D
D and A
- 128. Multiple ChoiceThe Catskills of New York State are best described as a plateau, while the Adirondacks are best described as mountains. Which factor is most responsible for the difference in landscape classification of these two regions?climate variationsbedrock structurevegetation typebedrock age
- 129. Multiple ChoiceThe cross section below represents a portion of a meandering stream. Points X and Y represent two positions on opposite sides of the stream.
Based on the cross section, which map of a meandering stream best shows the positions of points X and Y?map 1map 2map 3map 4 - 130. Multiple Choice
How does the sediment compare at the moraines and the outwash plain?
The moraine and outwash plain are both sorted
The moraine is sorted and the outwash plain is unsorted
The moraine is unsorted and the outwash plain is sorted
The moraine and outwash plain are both unsorted
- Answer choicesTagsAnswer choicesTags